葉少波 何澤偉 陳育鴻(廣東省普寧市軍埠鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院外科 普寧515322)
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聚維酮碘稀釋液預(yù)防壞疽性闌尾炎伴穿孔術(shù)后腹腔及切口感染中的臨床觀察
葉少波何澤偉陳育鴻(廣東省普寧市軍埠鎮(zhèn)衛(wèi)生院外科普寧515322)
摘要:目的:探討聚維酮碘稀釋液在預(yù)防壞疽性闌尾炎伴穿孔術(shù)后腹腔及切口感染的臨床療效,為臨床治療提供參考。方法:回顧性分析我院收治的120例壞疽性闌尾炎伴穿孔患者臨床資料,根據(jù)術(shù)中腹腔及切口沖洗方法不同,分為A組(聚維酮碘稀釋液)、B組(甲硝唑)及C組(生理鹽水),各40例,觀察三組患者術(shù)后腹腔及切口感染發(fā)生率、術(shù)后住院時間、體溫恢復(fù)正常時間、肛門排氣時間及不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率。結(jié)果:A組和B組腹腔及切口感染發(fā)生率比較無顯著差異(P>0.05),但兩組均顯著低于C組(P<0.05);A組和B組術(shù)后住院時間比較無顯著差異(P>0.05),但均顯著少于C組(P<0.05);A組、B組及C組術(shù)后體溫恢復(fù)時間比較無顯著差異(P>0.05);A組和B組肛門排氣時間比較無顯著差異(P>0.05),但兩組均顯著低于C組(P<0.05);B組術(shù)后不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況高于A組和C組,但無顯著差異(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:聚維酮碘稀釋液能有效預(yù)防壞疽性闌尾炎伴穿孔術(shù)后腹腔及切口感染,顯著縮短患者住院時間且不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率低,值得臨床推廣。
關(guān)鍵詞:聚維酮碘壞疽性闌尾炎預(yù)防感染臨床觀察
壞疽性闌尾炎(Gangrenous appendicitis)作為臨床上較常見的急腹癥,約占同期醫(yī)院普外科住院總數(shù)的10%~15%,常伴穿孔發(fā)生[1]。闌尾切除是治療該病安全有效的方法,但術(shù)后易出現(xiàn)腹腔及切口感染,患者死亡率0.1%~0.5%。單純外科換藥預(yù)防感染作用有限,傷口愈合時間較長,增加患者精神及經(jīng)濟負擔(dān)[2]。如何有效預(yù)防術(shù)后腹腔及切口感染是值得深入探討的課題。聚維酮碘稀釋液(Povidone iodine)是臨床上常用的新型消毒劑,主要應(yīng)用于黏膜創(chuàng)口消毒等[3],近年來較廣泛的應(yīng)用于預(yù)防壞疽性闌尾炎伴穿孔術(shù)后腹腔及切口感染,取得了良好的臨床效果。本文通過對比應(yīng)用聚維酮碘稀釋液、甲硝唑[4]及生理鹽水沖洗腹腔及切口的臨床療效,觀察聚維酮碘稀釋液對預(yù)防腹腔及切口感染的作用,為本病的臨床治療提供一定的參考,現(xiàn)報道如下:
1.1一般資料:回顧性分析我院于2010年1月~2015年12月收治的120例壞疽性闌尾炎伴穿孔患者臨床資料,根據(jù)腹腔和切口沖洗方法不同,各選取40例,分為A組(聚維酮碘稀釋液)、B組(甲硝唑)及C組(生理鹽水)。A組男性23例,女性17例,年齡14~51歲,平均年齡(35.8±14.1)歲,發(fā)病至手術(shù)時間11~25h,平均(19.3±7.8)h;B組男性22例,女性18例,年齡17~55歲,平均年齡(36.8±12.1)歲,發(fā)病至手術(shù)時間13~27h,平均(21.3±6.8)h;C組男性21例,女性19例,年齡15~61歲,平均年齡(38.8± 10.1)歲,發(fā)病至手術(shù)時間12~24h,平均(20.9±8.8)h。三組患者在年齡、性別及發(fā)病時間上等無顯著差異,無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),可排除干擾因素,具有可比性。
1.2治療方法:三組患者手術(shù)前均需常規(guī)抗生素靜脈滴注治療,手術(shù)室及手術(shù)器械消毒處理[5]。A組先用無菌生理鹽水沖洗腹腔,直至沖洗液澄清,取適當(dāng)劑量的0.5%聚維酮碘稀釋液(10~20mL)沖洗腹腔,洗凈殘余液體,更換無菌手術(shù)器械及敷料,放置引流管并關(guān)閉腹膜,后取適當(dāng)劑量的0.5%聚維酮碘稀釋液(5~10mL)浸潤切口,約10min,后用無菌紗布吸干聚維酮碘稀釋液,縫合肌肉和皮膚,無菌紗布包扎。B組除用甲硝唑代替聚維酮碘稀釋液沖洗腹腔及切口外,余下操作與A組相同。C組僅使用生理鹽水沖洗腹腔及切口,余下操作與A、B組相同。術(shù)后根據(jù)患者情況,給予3~5d抗生素靜脈滴注抗菌護理[6]。觀察記錄三組臨床癥狀,收集患者一般臨床資料。
1.3腹腔及切口感染臨床診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):腹腔感染[7]:臨床表現(xiàn)為腹部不適、發(fā)燒或伴有較明顯的直腸刺激癥狀:排便次數(shù)明顯增多、黏液樣糞便等;腹部檢查常用的觸診表現(xiàn)為下腹部壓痛、可觸及痛性塊狀物,直腸指檢時在直腸前有可觸及的觸痛腫塊;血常規(guī)檢測顯示白細胞升高,彩超檢查可見腹腔膿腫。切口感染[8]:患者體溫38℃以上,切口周圍出現(xiàn)紅腫、壓痛及局部皮膚溫度上升,白細胞計數(shù)顯示白細胞數(shù)明顯上升,切口出現(xiàn)硬結(jié)伴有膿性液體滲出,需進行拆線引流,拆線后觀察出現(xiàn)小膿點等可確診為切口感染。
1.4觀察指標(biāo):嚴密觀察并記錄三組術(shù)后腹腔及切口感染發(fā)生率、術(shù)后住院時間、體溫恢復(fù)正常時間、肛門排氣時間統(tǒng)計不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。
1.5統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法:用SPSS18.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件處理臨床數(shù)據(jù),計量資料用(±s)表示,t檢驗,計數(shù)資料用X2檢驗,P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1腹腔及切口感染發(fā)生情況分析:三組在順利完成手術(shù)前提下,A組(聚維酮碘稀釋液)發(fā)生1例腹腔感染,確診為腸間膿腫,經(jīng)穿刺引流對癥治療后痊愈,無切口感染。
B組(甲硝唑)術(shù)后出現(xiàn)1例腹腔感染,確診為盆腔膿腫,經(jīng)對癥治療痊愈,無切口感染。C組(生理鹽水)出現(xiàn)腹腔感染9例,膈下膿腫3例,腸間膿腫2例,盆腔膿腫4例,有5例出現(xiàn)切口感染,經(jīng)對癥治療,患者均康復(fù)出院。A組與B組腹腔及切口感染率比較無顯著差異(P>0.05),但均顯著低于C組(P<0.05),說明聚維酮碘稀釋液在預(yù)防腹腔及切口感染效果與甲硝唑相近,但明顯好于生理鹽水,結(jié)果見表1。
表1 三組腹腔及切口感染發(fā)生情況(%)
2.2患者術(shù)后住院時間、體溫恢復(fù)正常時間及肛門排氣時間分析:三組患者手術(shù)后均需住院觀察、治療,A組和B組住院時間無明顯區(qū)別,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),但住院時間均顯著低于C組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);患者術(shù)后體溫均出現(xiàn)明顯上升,但組間比較差異不大,無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);A組和B組患者術(shù)后肛門排氣時間無明顯區(qū)別,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),但肛門排氣時間均顯著低于C組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說明聚維酮碘能改善患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)效果,效果與甲硝唑相近,明顯好于生理鹽水,結(jié)果見表2。
表2 三組術(shù)后住院時間、體溫恢復(fù)正常時間及肛門排氣時間對比(d)
2.3術(shù)后不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況:僅B組(甲硝唑)術(shù)后有1例出現(xiàn)惡心、肢端麻木1例、腹部不適1例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為7.5%,但癥狀均自行緩解。A組(聚維酮碘)和C組(生理鹽水)術(shù)后均無不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生。B組術(shù)后不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率高于A組和C組,但無顯著差異(P>0.05)。
壞疽性闌尾炎是一種重型闌尾炎,其病理[9]為闌尾因內(nèi)腔阻塞、積膿、腔內(nèi)壓力增高及闌尾系膜靜脈受炎癥波及而發(fā)生血栓性靜脈炎等,均可引起闌尾壁血液循環(huán)障礙,闌尾壁發(fā)生壞死。闌尾壁壞死導(dǎo)致闌尾極易穿孔,需要及時手術(shù)切除,否則會引起更嚴重的并發(fā)癥,威脅患者生命安全。壞疽性闌尾炎一般需進行手術(shù)切除治療,但常規(guī)手術(shù)方式操作不當(dāng)容易造成血腫、清洗液殘留等,直接導(dǎo)致術(shù)后腹腔及切口發(fā)生感染[10]。
聚維酮碘作為一種廣譜的強力殺菌消毒劑,對病毒、細菌、真菌及霉菌孢子都有較強的殺滅作用,主要用于化膿性皮炎、皮膚真菌感染、小面積輕度燒燙傷及黏膜創(chuàng)口的消毒[11]。聚維酮碘接觸創(chuàng)面或患處后,能較快解聚并釋放出所含的碘,發(fā)揮殺菌作用,具有對組織刺激性小、毒性低、作用持久、使用安全簡便等優(yōu)點[12]。甲硝唑,主要用于治療或預(yù)防厭氧菌引起的系統(tǒng)或局部感染,如消化道、腹腔、下呼吸道及女性生殖系統(tǒng)等,但易引起不良反應(yīng),消化道不良反應(yīng)最為常見,比如惡心、嘔吐以及腹部絞痛等,增加患者痛苦。本研究通過采取不同沖洗液沖洗壞疽性闌尾炎腹腔,證實聚維酮碘稀釋液組患者具有較低感染率,較短恢復(fù)時間及住院時間,且具有較少不良反應(yīng)。
綜上所述,經(jīng)回顧性分析患者臨床資料,結(jié)果表明聚維酮碘稀釋液在預(yù)防壞疽性闌尾炎伴穿孔術(shù)后腹腔及切口感染上療效較好,無不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生且操作簡單,值得臨床推廣。
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Clinical observation of gan grenous perforated appendicitis with postoperative abdominal cavity and incision infection by washing abdominal cavity with povidone iodine diluent
Ye Shaobo He Zewei Chen Yuhong(Guangdong city in Puning Province town of surgical hospital of Puning,515322)
Abstract:Objective:To investigate the clinical effect on gangrenous perforated appendicitis with postoperative abdominal cavity and incision infection by washing abdominal cavity with povidone iodine diluent. Methods:120 patients of Gangrenous perforated appendicitis treating with the surgical treatment in our hospital were selected as the research object,they were respectively given povidone iodine diluent,metronidazole and physiological saline for washing abdominal cavity and incision during operation.Comparatively analyzed postoperative abdominal cavity and incision infection status,time of body temperature returned to normal,postoperative hospital stay,and adverse reactions,and anus exhausting time of the three groups. Results:The incidence of abdominal cavity and incision infection had no significant difference between the povidone iodine group and metronidazole group(P>0.05),and it was significantly lower than the physiological saline group,the difference was significant(P<0.05);The body temperature of the three groups returned to normal time had no significant difference(P>0.05);The average time of hospital stay of povidone iodine group and metronidazole group were significantly shorter than that of the physiological saline group(P<0.05),and there was no significant difference between povidone iodine group and metronidazole group(P>0.05);The anus exhausting time had no significant difference between the povidone iodine group and metronidazole group(P>0.05),and it was significantly lower than the physiological saline group,the difference was significant(P<0.05);The incidence of postoperative adverse reaction of metronidazole group was higher than that of povidone iodine group and physiological saline group,but there was no significant difference(P>0.05). Conclusion:Povidone iodine diluent washing abdominal cavity can effectively reduce incidence rate of postoperative abdominal cavity and incision infection of the gangrenous perforated appendicitis,and the operation is simple,it has less adverse reaction,and worth of clinical promotion and application.
Key words:Povidone iodine Gangrenous appendicitis Prevention of infection Clinical observation
中圖分類號:R619+.3
文獻標(biāo)識碼:B
文章編號:1672-8351(2016)06-0006-02