毛小泉 蒙亞嬌 李海芳
中南大學(xué)湘雅醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬??卺t(yī)院口腔中心?海南省口腔醫(yī)學(xué)中心 ???570208
·病例報告·
根樣釉珠1例
毛小泉 蒙亞嬌 李海芳
中南大學(xué)湘雅醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬??卺t(yī)院口腔中心?海南省口腔醫(yī)學(xué)中心 ???570208
釉珠是出現(xiàn)于磨牙區(qū)的釉質(zhì)突起,本文報道1例1.8 mm寬、8 mm長的扁平狀釉珠。本病例是1例少見的、較長的牙根樣的釉珠。
釉珠; 根尖片; 錐形束CT
釉珠是附著在牙骨質(zhì)表面的釉質(zhì)小塊,是牙齒發(fā)育時小團錯位的成釉細(xì)胞或者上皮根鞘某處異常分化,再度出現(xiàn)成釉功能而形成的釉質(zhì),常見為磨牙根分叉區(qū)或近頸部牙骨質(zhì)上單個栗粒大小球形或小舌狀的突起,牢固附著于牙根表面,為不透明結(jié)節(jié)。牙齒內(nèi)部的釉珠呈圓形放射影像,范圍從釉牙本質(zhì)界到冠部牙本質(zhì)。。
患者,女,42歲,因牙痛就診于中南大學(xué)湘雅醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬??卺t(yī)院牙體牙髓病科。
臨床檢查為左側(cè)下頜第一磨牙遠(yuǎn)中齲,根尖壓痛和扣痛及頰側(cè)深牙周袋,牙髓電活力檢查陰性,近中根尖放射透明影。
X線檢查根分叉區(qū)有不透明突起,扁形,1.8 mm寬、8 mm長(圖1~3)。
患牙被診斷為根尖周炎,鹽酸甲哌卡因/腎上腺素注射液(斯康杜尼)麻醉后,橡皮障隔濕,開髓,找到3個根管口。根尖片可見牙槽骨內(nèi)有一
圖 1 根分叉釉珠Fig 1 Enamel pearl in furcation area
圖 2 CT水平面觀Fig 2 CT horizontal section view
圖 3 CT頰舌切面觀Fig 3 CT buccolingual section view
圖 4 根樣釉珠Fig 4 Root-like enamel pearl
所有根管使用不銹鋼K銼和機用馬達(dá)預(yù)備,質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為3%的過氧化氫沖洗,徹底干燥,根管內(nèi)置樟腦酚,氧化鋅暫封。1周后患者癥狀完全消失,拍片進行根管長度確定后,使用牙膠進行根管充填。隨后進行烤瓷冠修復(fù),3個月后無臨床癥狀。
釉珠是沉積于恒牙根分叉區(qū)的異常釉質(zhì),尤其是上頜第二、第三磨牙[1],每顆牙通常僅有1顆,但也有觀察到3~4顆者[2],發(fā)生率在1.1%~9.7%[3]。一般不發(fā)生于單根牙,也有報道發(fā)生于前磨牙、尖牙、切牙者[4-6],主要附著于牙根表面,也有發(fā)生于牙本質(zhì)者[7],直徑在0.3~4 mm[8]。而筆者報道1例根樣釉珠,較少見:附著于分叉區(qū),呈牙根樣,1.8 mm寬、8 mm長。
臨床上發(fā)現(xiàn)的釉珠大小不一,其內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)也不盡相同。放大觀察,較小的釉珠有時僅為釉質(zhì)構(gòu)成,而有時含有牙本質(zhì);體積較大時,往往可見纖細(xì)的牙髓組織進入釉珠內(nèi)。錐形束CT(cone beam computed tomography,CBCT)有助于釉珠的診斷[9-10]。一般來說,釉珠會影響牙齦和牙體之間的良好附著關(guān)系,引起牙周疾病,且診治時妨礙齦下刮治;釉珠下方有時可見多個小孔,因此有可能成為牙髓-牙周聯(lián)合病變的感染途徑[11-12]。
現(xiàn)已明確描述的釉珠有3種類型[13-14]:1)完全由釉質(zhì)組成;2)復(fù)合釉珠或釉質(zhì)牙本質(zhì)型釉珠,包含管狀牙本質(zhì);3)釉質(zhì)牙本質(zhì)型釉珠含有髓角,可能延伸到冠髓腔或根管。
釉珠是臨床上一種較為少見的牙齒形態(tài)異常,局限性釉質(zhì)增生的小球形團塊。其發(fā)生的病因仍然不清楚,通常認(rèn)為是上皮根鞘上皮剩余發(fā)育的結(jié)果,牙根發(fā)育過程中,這些細(xì)胞分化為有功能的成釉細(xì)胞,產(chǎn)生釉質(zhì)沉積于牙根并牢固附著于牙根表面[15-16]。
本例釉珠較為少見,像牙根。釉珠可以是完全性釉質(zhì)或者含有牙本質(zhì)或牙髓組織,下方有時可見多個小孔,成為牙髓和牙周組織的交通通道。由于釉珠可能形成牙本質(zhì)小管/髓腔,因此治療牙髓病時要仔細(xì)檢查髓室底,沉積的牙本質(zhì)必須仔細(xì)磨除以防止根管遺漏[1],并拍攝CBCT,評估釉珠內(nèi)是否含有牙本質(zhì)小管。對于引起牙周病的釉珠臨床上可磨除,必要時斷面局部備洞填充[17]。
[1] Shojaeian S, Ghoddusi J, Hajian S. A case report of maxillary second molar with two palatal root canals and a furcal enamel pearl[J]. Iran Endod J, 2013, 8 (1):37-39.
[2] 吳麗. 右上第三磨牙多發(fā)釉珠1例[J]. 實用口腔醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2013, 29(4):510. Wu L. The multiple enamel pearls in right maxilla third molar[J]. J Pract Stomatol, 2013, 29(4):510.
[3] Chrcanovic BR, Abreu MH, Custódio AL. Prevalence of enamel pearls in teeth from a human teeth bank[J]. J Oral Sci, 2010, 52(2):257-260.
[4] Sehic A, Risnes S, Khan QE, et al. Gene expression and dental enamel structure in developing mouse incisor[J]. Eur J Oral Sci, 2010, 118(2):118-130.
[5] Sehic A, Peterkova R, Lesot H, et al. Distributionand structure of the initial dental enamel formed in incisors of young wild-type and Tabby mice[J]. Eur J Oral Sci, 2009, 117(6):644-654.
[6] Sehic A, Peterkova R, Lesot H, et al. P32-distribution and structure of the initial dental enamel formed in incisors of young wild-type and Tabby mice[J]. Bull Group Int Rech Sci Stomatol Odontol, 2010, 49 (3):104-106.
[7] Sehic A, Nirvani M, Risnes S. Incremental lines in mouse molar enamel[J]. Arch Oral Biol, 2013, 58 (10):1443-1449.
[8] Versiani MA, Cristescu RC, Saquy PC, et al. Enamel pearls in permanent dentition: case report and micro-CT evaluation[J]. Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 2013, 42 (6):20120332.
[9] Akgül N, Caglayan F, Durna N, et al. Evaluation of enamel pearls by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)[J]. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal, 2012, 17 (2):e218-e222.
[10] Kottoor J, Hemamalathi S, Sudha R, et al. Maxillary second molar with 5 roots and 5 canals evaluated using cone beam computerized tomography: a case report [J]. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod, 2010, 109(2):e162-e165.
[11] Aggarwal V, Singla M, Logani A, et al. Endodontic management of a maxillary first molar with two palatal canals with the aid of spiral computed tomography: a case report[J]. J Endod, 2009, 35(1):137-139.
[12] Romeo U, Palaia G, Botti R, et al. Enamel pearls as a predisposing factor to localized periodontitis[J]. Quintessence Int, 2011, 42(1):69-71.
[13] Cavanha AO. Enamel pearls[J]. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol, 1965, 19:373-382.
[14] Saini T, Ogunleye A, Levering N, et al. Multiple enamel pearls in two siblings detected by volumetric computed tomography[J]. Dentomaxillofac Radiol, 2008, 37(4):240-244.
[15] Khan QE, Sehic A, Khuu C, et al. Expression of Clu and Tgfb1 during murine tooth development: effects of in-vivo transfection with anti-miR-214[J]. Eur J Oral Sci, 2013, 121(4):303-312.
[16] Khan QE, Press CM, Sehic A, et al. Expression of prion gene and presence of prion protein during development of mouse molar tooth germ[J]. Eur J Oral Sci, 2010, 118(6):559-565.
[17] 張震康, 俞光巖. 實用口腔科學(xué)[M]. 北京: 人民衛(wèi)生出版社, 2009:37-38. Zhang ZK, Yu GY. Practice of stomatology[M]. Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House, 2009: 37-38.
(本文編輯 王姝)
A case report of root-like enamel pearl
Mao Xiaoquan, Meng Yajiao, Li Haifang. (Stomatology Center, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya Medical College of Central South University, Oral Medicine Center in Hainan, Haikou 570208, China)
Enamel pearls are generally found in maxillary molars as a small globule of enamel. However, we report here in an enamel pearl exhibiting a prolate spheroid shape and is 1.8 mm wide and 8 mm long. This rare enamel pearl is very long and resembles a dental root.
enamel pearl; periapical radiographic image; cone beam computed tomography
R 781.34
B
10.7518/gjkq.2016.04.009
2015-05-19;
2015-10-30
毛小泉,副主任醫(yī)師,碩士,Email:horse.m@163.com
毛小泉,副主任醫(yī)師,碩士,Email:horse.m@163.com個根樣影像(圖4),故再次尋找根管口,但未找到。