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上皮膜蛋白1真核表達(dá)載體的構(gòu)建及其對(duì)人舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞遷移和侵襲的影響

2016-08-19 01:16:11代曉華張軍鄒慧儒連小麗李燕妮王冠華顏艷
華西口腔醫(yī)學(xué)雜志 2016年4期
關(guān)鍵詞:真核癌細(xì)胞質(zhì)粒

代曉華 張軍 鄒慧儒 連小麗 李燕妮 王冠華 顏艷

1.天津市口腔醫(yī)院·南開大學(xué)口腔醫(yī)院中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室;2.頜面外科,天津 300041

·口腔腫瘤學(xué)專欄·

上皮膜蛋白1真核表達(dá)載體的構(gòu)建及其對(duì)人舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞遷移和侵襲的影響

代曉華1張軍2鄒慧儒1連小麗1李燕妮1王冠華1顏艷1

1.天津市口腔醫(yī)院·南開大學(xué)口腔醫(yī)院中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室;2.頜面外科,天津 300041

目的構(gòu)建上皮膜蛋白1(EMP1)基因真核表達(dá)載體pEGFP-N1-EMP1,探討EMP1基因?qū)θ松圜[狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞遷移和侵襲的影響。方法采用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(PCR)擴(kuò)增EMP1基因,雙酶切法連接至真核表達(dá)載體pEGFP-N1雙酶切產(chǎn)物大片段,構(gòu)建pEGFP-N1-EMP1重組質(zhì)粒。經(jīng)測(cè)序鑒定后,通過脂質(zhì)體介導(dǎo)法將pEGFP-N1-EMP1重組質(zhì)粒和pEGFP-N1空載體轉(zhuǎn)染至人舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌Tb3.1細(xì)胞,熒光顯微鏡下觀察轉(zhuǎn)染后綠色熒光蛋白的表達(dá)情況,實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR法檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后24、48、72 h的EMP1過表達(dá)水平。利用Transwell遷移及侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)分析EMP1過表達(dá)對(duì)Tb3.1細(xì)胞遷移及侵襲能力的影響。結(jié)果成功克隆EMP1全長(zhǎng)基因,經(jīng)測(cè)序分析證實(shí)將EMP1基因準(zhǔn)確插入真核表達(dá)載體pEGFP-N1,轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞可見綠色熒光表達(dá)。實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR結(jié)果顯示,pEGFP-N1-EMP1重組質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染24 h組,Tb3.1細(xì)胞中EMP1表達(dá)量顯著高于pEGFP-N1空載體組、野生型細(xì)胞組以及重組質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染48 h和72 h組。Transwell遷移及侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,EMP1過表達(dá)抑制了Tb3.1細(xì)胞的遷移和侵襲能力。結(jié)論成功構(gòu)建了EMP1真核表達(dá)載體,并在體外證實(shí)了EMP1過表達(dá)可抑制舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞的遷移和侵襲能力,為進(jìn)一步研究EMP1基因在口腔鱗狀細(xì)胞癌轉(zhuǎn)移中的作用及其分子機(jī)制奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

上皮膜蛋白1;舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞;載體;轉(zhuǎn)染;細(xì)胞遷移;細(xì)胞侵襲

口腔鱗狀細(xì)胞癌(oral squamous cell carcinoma,OSCC)是頭頸部最常見的惡性腫瘤,近幾十年,雖然外科手術(shù)及放射等治療手段得到不斷發(fā)展,但OSCC患者5年生存率卻未能得以顯著提高,腫瘤區(qū)域性和遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移是導(dǎo)致治療失敗的主要原因之一[1]。由于舌的淋巴和血運(yùn)豐富,舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌更易發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移,患者術(shù)后發(fā)生頸淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移者大約54%,而隱匿性頸轉(zhuǎn)移率也可達(dá)42%[2]。臨床常用的腫瘤輔助檢查方法,如超聲、CT、MRI和正電子發(fā)射計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描(positron emission computed tomography,PET)等對(duì)這些隱匿性頸轉(zhuǎn)移,微小轉(zhuǎn)移灶等均不敏感;因此,確立有效的舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌轉(zhuǎn)移分子標(biāo)志物,對(duì)隱匿性及微小轉(zhuǎn)移灶的早發(fā)現(xiàn)、早治療及判斷預(yù)后和提高生存率等具有重要意義。上皮膜蛋白1(epithelial membrane protein 1,EMP1),又稱腫瘤相關(guān)性膜蛋白(tumor-associated membrane protein,TMP)、進(jìn)展相關(guān)性膜蛋白(progression association protein,PAP)、CL-20和B4B,染色體定位于12p12.3,是由157個(gè)氨基酸組成的含4個(gè)跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)的糖蛋白,參與細(xì)胞的增殖、分化,與腫瘤的發(fā)生和發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[3]。已有研究[4-7]證明,EMP1對(duì)多種腫瘤細(xì)胞,如喉癌、胃癌及結(jié)腸直腸癌等細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移和侵襲等具有抑制作用,但對(duì)個(gè)別腫瘤細(xì)胞,如非小細(xì)胞肺癌的增殖則起著促進(jìn)作用。EMP1對(duì)舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞遷移、侵襲等生物學(xué)行為的影響尚少見報(bào)導(dǎo)。本研究旨在構(gòu)建EMP1基因真核表達(dá)載體,轉(zhuǎn)染舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌Tb3.1細(xì)胞系,檢測(cè)EMP1對(duì)舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞遷移和侵襲能力的影響,為進(jìn)一步深入研究EMP1在OSCC轉(zhuǎn)移中的作用機(jī)制奠定基礎(chǔ)。

1 材料和方法

1.1主要試劑和儀器

真核表達(dá)載體pEGFP-N1質(zhì)粒(北京鼎國(guó)昌盛生物技術(shù)有限公司)。RNA提取試劑盒、逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、膠回收試劑盒、DL2000、DL10000、SYBR Premix Ex TaqⅡ[寶生物工程(大連)有限公司],DH5α感受態(tài)、無內(nèi)毒素質(zhì)粒提取試劑盒(北京博邁德基因技術(shù)有限公司),總蛋白提取試劑盒(北京普利萊基因技術(shù)有限公司)。T4連接酶(Promega公司,美國(guó)),鼠抗人β-actin單克隆抗體、辣根酶標(biāo)記山羊抗小鼠IgG(北京中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司),鼠抗綠色熒光蛋白(green fluorescent protein,GFP)融合蛋白單克隆抗體(南京恩晶生物科技有限公司),Lipofectamine 2000脂質(zhì)體(Invitrogen公司,美國(guó))。舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌Tb3.1及P160細(xì)胞(天津市腫瘤醫(yī)院惠贈(zèng))。

聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)基因擴(kuò)增儀(Perkin-Elmer公司,美國(guó));DYY-Ⅲ 31B水平電泳儀(北京六一儀器廠);超微量分光光度計(jì)(北京凱奧科技發(fā)展有限公司);凝膠成像系統(tǒng)(Ultra-Violet Products公司,美國(guó));小型垂直電泳槽和轉(zhuǎn)膜槽及配套電源(Bio-Rad公司,美國(guó));實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR儀(Roche Diagnostics GmbH公司,德國(guó));熒光顯微鏡(Zeiss公司,德國(guó))。

1.2方法

1.2.1引物的設(shè)計(jì)與合成從GenBank中檢索人EMP1核心編碼區(qū)cDNA序列,再用DNASIS 2.5計(jì)算機(jī)軟件輔助設(shè)計(jì)人EMP1序列上游引物和下游引物,在上下游引物中分別引入限制性內(nèi)切酶XhoⅠ和Hind Ⅲ位點(diǎn)(下劃線處為酶切位點(diǎn)):上游引物為5'-GCGCCTCGAGATGTTGGTATTGCTGGCTGGTAT-3',下游引物為5'-GCGCAAGCTTTTTCTTTCTCAGGACCAGATAG-3'。用于實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR的EMP1引物為:上游引物5'-CCCTCCTGGTCTTCGTGT-3';下游引物5'-GGAATAGCCGTGGTGATA-3'。引物均由上海英駿生物技術(shù)有限公司合成。

1.2.2EMP1基因克隆擴(kuò)增P160細(xì)胞用含10%胎牛血清的RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基在37 ℃、5%CO2、飽和濕度環(huán)境下培養(yǎng)。當(dāng)P160細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)至約90%融合時(shí),進(jìn)行總RNA提取,具體操作步驟遵照RNA提取試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行。電泳定量后,取1 μg總RNA,根據(jù)逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明書混合逆轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng)體系,進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄。以獲取的cDNA為模板擴(kuò)增EMP1基因,PCR反應(yīng)體系總體積50 μL,含模板4 μL,上、下游引物各3 μL,dNTP 1 μL,10×PCR buffer 5 μL,Taq酶0.4 μL,ddH2O 33.6 μL。PCR擴(kuò)增條件:94 ℃預(yù)變性5 min,94 ℃變性30 s,58.8 ℃退火30 s,72 ℃延伸40 s,共40個(gè)循環(huán);72 ℃ 延伸5 min。PCR擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行瓊脂糖凝膠電泳,用膠回收試劑盒進(jìn)行純化回收PCR產(chǎn)物。

1.2.3表達(dá)載體的構(gòu)建克隆擴(kuò)增的EMP1進(jìn)行XhoⅠ和Hind Ⅲ雙酶切,經(jīng)瓊脂糖凝膠電泳分離純化回收目的片段。pEGFP-N1質(zhì)粒經(jīng)相同酶切處理,分離純化回收大片段。根據(jù)T4連接酶說明書,將純化回收的EMP1 DNA和pEGFP-N1大片段按照質(zhì)量比1∶10的比例用T4連接酶,室溫下連接3 h。連接產(chǎn)物轉(zhuǎn)化感受態(tài)DH5α后,涂布于卡那霉素抗性的LB軟瓊脂平板,37 ℃過夜培養(yǎng),挑選瓊脂糖平板上單克隆菌落,進(jìn)行PCR鑒定和酶切鑒定后測(cè)序。

1.2.4細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染測(cè)序正確后,采用無內(nèi)毒素質(zhì)粒提取試劑盒提取和純化pEGFP-N1-EMP1重組質(zhì)粒及pEGFP-N1質(zhì)粒,測(cè)定濃度。轉(zhuǎn)染前24 h將Tb3.1細(xì)胞鋪被于6孔板,待細(xì)胞貼壁融合達(dá)80%~90%時(shí),按Lipofectamine 2000脂質(zhì)體說明書進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)染,每孔脂質(zhì)體5 μL、質(zhì)粒2.5 μg,熒光顯微鏡下觀察轉(zhuǎn)染24、48及72 h后,細(xì)胞中GFP表達(dá)情況。

1.2.5實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞EMP1 mRNA的表達(dá)分別于轉(zhuǎn)染后24、48、72 h,采用試劑盒法提取轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞RNA,測(cè)定含量和純度,按逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒說明書合成cDNA模板,使用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR法檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)細(xì)胞EMP1 mRNA的表達(dá)水平。每個(gè)樣本設(shè)3個(gè)重復(fù)孔,內(nèi)參選擇β-actin,基因相對(duì)表達(dá)量采用2-ΔΔCt法計(jì)算。反應(yīng)體系總體積20 μL,含模板2 μL,上、下游引物各0.8 μL,SYBR Premix Ex Taq Ⅱ10 μL,ddH2O 6.4 μL。反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃30 s,95 ℃ 5 s,60 ℃ 30 s,共40個(gè)循環(huán)。

1.2.6Transwell法檢測(cè)細(xì)胞侵襲和遷移能力侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)中,首先采用預(yù)冷無血清RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基稀釋Matrigel基質(zhì)膠,鋪被于Transwell上室內(nèi),置于37 ℃孵箱中4~5 h。于轉(zhuǎn)染后24 h收集細(xì)胞,用無血清培養(yǎng)基調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度至1×106個(gè)·mL-1,取100 μL接種于含Matrigel基質(zhì)膠的Transwell小室上室內(nèi),下室加入含20%血清的RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)24 h。將上室內(nèi)細(xì)胞輕輕拭去,用PBS洗兩次,再行多聚甲醛固定,結(jié)晶紫染色后顯微鏡下觀察,隨機(jī)選5個(gè)視野,計(jì)數(shù)穿膜細(xì)胞,以每個(gè)視野的平均細(xì)胞數(shù)表示舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞的侵襲能力。遷移實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)Transwell小室內(nèi)不鋪被Matrigel基質(zhì)膠,其余同侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)。

1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析

采用SPSS 18.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,對(duì)實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR和Transwell遷移及侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果行單因素方差分析和多重比較檢驗(yàn),檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為雙側(cè)α=0.05。

2 結(jié)果

2.1EMP1基因的擴(kuò)增與重組pEGFP-N1-EMP1表達(dá)載體的構(gòu)建

以P160細(xì)胞cDNA為模板,PCR擴(kuò)增EMP1基因,經(jīng)瓊脂糖凝膠電泳分離后,在約490 bp處可見特異性擴(kuò)增條帶,與目的基因相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量相符(圖1)。擴(kuò)增產(chǎn)物回收純化后連接至T載體,進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化篩選,選取鑒定和測(cè)序均正確的菌落進(jìn)行擴(kuò)增。提取質(zhì)粒,經(jīng)XhoⅠ和Hind Ⅲ雙酶切獲取EMP1基因,與同樣經(jīng)雙酶切的表達(dá)載體pEGFP-N1大片段連接,成功構(gòu)建pEGFP-N1-EMP1表達(dá)載體。

圖1 PCR擴(kuò)增EMP1基因瓊脂糖凝膠電泳Fig 1 Agarose gel electrophoresis of EMP1 gene by PCR

2.2pEGFP-N1-EMP1表達(dá)載體的鑒定

擴(kuò)增轉(zhuǎn)化DH5α后在軟瓊脂平板上篩選出單克隆菌落共7個(gè),以其為模板分別進(jìn)行EMP1 PCR擴(kuò)增鑒定,其中5個(gè)單克隆菌落電泳后可見約490 bp的特異性條帶。對(duì)其中一株P(guān)CR陽性克隆進(jìn)行質(zhì)粒提取,經(jīng)XhoⅠ和Hind Ⅲ雙酶切后,電泳亦可見一條約490 bp條帶,與目的基因相符(圖2)。經(jīng)測(cè)序鑒定,克隆的人EMP1基因序列與GenBank中已知基因序列完全一致,無突變堿基。

2.3轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞EMP1 mRNA水平的表達(dá)

經(jīng)脂質(zhì)體介導(dǎo),將pEGFP-N1質(zhì)粒和pEGFP-N1-EMP1重組質(zhì)粒瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染至Tb3.1細(xì)胞,轉(zhuǎn)染后細(xì)胞內(nèi)可見綠色熒光(圖3),表明pEGFP-N1-EMP1重組質(zhì)粒和pEGFP-N1質(zhì)粒在Tb3.1細(xì)胞中表達(dá)GFP。實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)結(jié)果(圖4)顯示,pEGFP-N1-EMP1重組質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染后,Tb3.1細(xì)胞中EMP1表達(dá)增強(qiáng),轉(zhuǎn)染24 h后,Tb3.1細(xì)胞EMP1相對(duì)表達(dá)量明顯高于其他各組(P<0.05),是pEGFP-N1質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染組(空載體組)的103.7倍,是野生型細(xì)胞組的196.1倍;pEGFP-N1質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染組和未轉(zhuǎn)染的野生型Tb3.1細(xì)胞中,EMP1表達(dá)量較低,二者間EMP1表達(dá)的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。

圖2 pEGFP-N1-EMP1表達(dá)載體的鑒定Fig 2 Identification of recombinant expression vector pEGFP-N1-EMP1

圖3 pEGFP-N1和pEGFP-N1-EMP1質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染Tb3.1細(xì)胞48 h后GFP的表達(dá) 熒光顯微鏡 × 100Fig 3 GFP expression in the Tb3.1 cells transfected with pEGFPN1 and pEGFP-N1-EMP1 after 48 hours fluorescence microscope × 100

2.4EMP1對(duì)舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞體外遷移和侵襲能力的影響

遷移和侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)結(jié)果如圖5、6所示,pEGFPN1-EMP1重組質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染組遷移及侵襲的Tb3.1細(xì)胞數(shù)均明顯低于pEGFP-N1質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染組和野生型Tb3.1細(xì)胞組(P<0.05),pEGFP-N1質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染組和野生型Tb3.1細(xì)胞組間遷移及侵襲細(xì)胞數(shù)差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),表明EMP1可抑制舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞的體外遷移和侵襲能力。

圖4 實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)Tb3.1細(xì)胞EMP1 mRNA表達(dá)Fig 4 The expression of EMP1 mRNA in Tb3.1 cells by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR

圖5 EMP1抑制Tb3.1細(xì)胞遷移及侵襲Fig 5 EMP1 inhibited the migration and invasion of Tb3.1 cells

圖6 Tb3.1細(xì)胞遷移和侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn)形態(tài)學(xué)觀察 熒光顯微鏡 × 100Fig 6 Morphological observation of the migration and invasion of Tb3.1 cells fluorescence microscope × 100

3 討論

腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移是多基因參與且涉及多環(huán)節(jié)的復(fù)雜過程。癌細(xì)胞從原發(fā)腫瘤位置侵襲到周圍組織,是導(dǎo)致腫瘤轉(zhuǎn)移發(fā)生的第一步,癌細(xì)胞的黏附、運(yùn)動(dòng)、遷移和侵襲能力是發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)移的條件。EMP1基因與外周髓鞘蛋白-22(peripheral myelin protein 22,PMP-22)同屬一個(gè)跨膜家族,細(xì)胞外結(jié)構(gòu)域序列保守,具有一致的N-糖基化序列。這個(gè)糖基化位點(diǎn)攜帶修飾過的含有人自然殺傷細(xì)胞抗原-1(human natural killer-1,HNK-1)決定簇的糖鏈,可識(shí)別細(xì)胞表面糖蛋白,如一些酪脂類、蛋白聚糖等碳水化合物結(jié)構(gòu),這些蛋白參與細(xì)胞黏附,細(xì)胞間以及細(xì)胞和外界基質(zhì)間的相互作用,說明EMP1與細(xì)胞黏附過程有關(guān),在細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)、增殖、分化及凋亡中起著重要作用[3,8-10]。

正常組織中,EMP1在舌和食管等鱗狀上皮中表達(dá)豐度較高。體外培養(yǎng)的支氣管上皮細(xì)胞鱗狀上皮轉(zhuǎn)化過程中EMP1表達(dá)升高,較之輕中度增生或無化生上皮,嚴(yán)重增生或伴有化生的上皮組織中EMP1 mRNA水平較低,提示EMP1高表達(dá)與鱗狀上皮分化密切相關(guān)[3,8,11]。研究[4-7,12-14]顯示,在胃癌、結(jié)直腸癌、乳腺癌、鼻咽癌、前列腺癌等腫瘤組織中EMP1蛋白相對(duì)表達(dá)量較正常組織顯著下降,且其表達(dá)水平與腫瘤侵襲、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移、臨床分期和組織學(xué)分級(jí)有相關(guān)性,EMP1表達(dá)越低,患者的5年生存率越差,而EMP1過表達(dá)可抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖、遷移和侵襲。Sun等[12]研究表明,在EMP1過表達(dá)的乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞中,Caspase-9增高,血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子C(vascular endothelial growth factor C,VEGFC)蛋白表達(dá)降低,提示EMP1可能是通過調(diào)節(jié)Caspase-9 和VEGFC蛋白表達(dá)對(duì)乳腺癌進(jìn)行負(fù)性調(diào)節(jié)。但是,在非小細(xì)胞肺癌和神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)瘤發(fā)生過程中,則伴有EMP1表達(dá)顯著上調(diào)。另有研究[7,15]顯示,EMP1過表達(dá)可促進(jìn)肺腺癌PC9細(xì)胞增殖和無胸腺裸鼠體內(nèi)PC9成瘤的生長(zhǎng),同時(shí)伴有磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B(phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B,PI3K/AKT)信號(hào)通路激活,推測(cè)EMP1表達(dá)可能是通過激活PI3K/AKT通路促進(jìn)非小細(xì)胞肺癌的形成和發(fā)展。另外,EMP1還與非小細(xì)胞肺癌、胃腸道間質(zhì)瘤及非白血性白血病等耐藥有關(guān),被認(rèn)為是吉非替尼耐藥的生物標(biāo)志物,產(chǎn)生耐藥的機(jī)制則可能涉及EMP1與表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)信號(hào)通路的相互交聯(lián)作用[7,16]?;虮磉_(dá)譜分析表明,OSCC中EMP1表達(dá)明顯下調(diào)。免疫組織化學(xué)分析顯示,EMP1表達(dá)與OSCC患者淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移和臨床分期存在一定的相關(guān)性,但EMP1在OSCC轉(zhuǎn)移過程中具體作用機(jī)制尚不明確[17]。

本研究采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR方法獲得人EMP1基因全長(zhǎng),將其克隆擴(kuò)增后,連接至真核表達(dá)載體pEGFP-N1,成功構(gòu)建了EMP1真核表達(dá)載體。利用脂質(zhì)體法將pEGFP-N1-EMP1瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染至舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌Tb3.1細(xì)胞。真核表達(dá)載體pEGFP-N1具有猿猴病毒40(simian virus 40,SV40)啟動(dòng)子和巨細(xì)胞病毒(cytomegalovirus,CMV)啟動(dòng)子,可使目的基因在增殖細(xì)胞中穩(wěn)定表達(dá);同時(shí)攜帶有新霉素抗藥基因,可用G418篩選穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染的細(xì)胞株,利于后續(xù)進(jìn)行EMP1穩(wěn)定過表達(dá)舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞株的篩選。Tb3.1細(xì)胞系是人舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞腦轉(zhuǎn)移株,不僅具有舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞所有的特性,而且更易增殖和轉(zhuǎn)移[18]。本研究通過熒光顯微鏡觀察和實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)EMP1瞬時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)染后EMP1表達(dá)情況,選擇EMP1表達(dá)較高的時(shí)間點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了Transwell遷移和侵襲實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),EMP1過表達(dá)有效抑制了轉(zhuǎn)移性較強(qiáng)的Tb3.1細(xì)胞的遷移和侵襲能力。

總之,本研究成功構(gòu)建了EMP1真核表達(dá)載體pEGFP-N1-EMP1,并在體外證明,EMP1基因過表達(dá)可有效抑制舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌Tb3.1細(xì)胞的遷移和侵襲能力,為進(jìn)一步探究EMP1在OSCC轉(zhuǎn)移中的具體作用及其分子機(jī)制奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

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[3] Chen Y, Medvedev A, Ruzanov P, et al. cDNA cloning,genomic structure, and chromosome mapping of the human epithelial membrane protein CL-20 gene (EMP1), a member of the PMP22 family[J]. Genomics, 1997, 41(1):40-48.

[4] Durgan J, Tao G, Walters MS, et al. SOS1 and Ras regulate epithelial tight junction formation in the human airway through EMP1[J]. EMBO Rep, 2015, 16(1):87-96.

[5] Sun G, Zhao G, Lu Y, et al. Association of EMP1 with gastric carcinoma invasion, survival and prognosis[J]. Int J Oncol,2014, 45(3):1091-1098.

[6] Sun GG, Wang YD, Cui DW, et al. Epithelial membrane protein 1 negatively regulates cell growth and metastasis in colorectal carcinoma[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2014,20(14):4001-4010.

[7] Lai S, Wang G, Cao X, et al. EMP-1 promotes tumorigenesis of NSCLC through PI3K/AKT pathway[J]. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol(Med Sci), 2012, 32(6):834-838.

[8] Marvin KW, Fujimoto W, Jetten AM. Identification and characterization of a novel squamous cell-associated gene related to PMP22[J]. J Biol Chem, 1995, 270(48):28910-28916.

[9] Jetten AM, Suter U. The peripheral myelin protein 22 and epithelial membrane protein family[J]. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol, 2000, 64:97-129.

[10] 朱秀麗, 吳軍正, 溫德升, 等. 基因表達(dá)譜芯片技術(shù)篩選舌癌轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)基因[J]. 華西口腔醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2006, 24(2):166-169. Zhu XL, Wu JZ, Wen DS, et al. Screening and identification of metastasis-related gene expression in tongue carcinoma with cDNA microarray assay[J]. West Chin J Stomatol, 2006, 24(2):166-169.

[11] Yu XM, Li CW, Li YY, et al. Down-regulation of EMP1 is associated with epithelial hyperplasia and metaplasia in nasal polyps[J]. Histopathology, 2013, 63(5):686-695.

[12] Sun GG, Wang YD, Lu YF, et al. EMP1, a member of a new family of antiproliferative genes in breast carcinoma[J]. Tumour Biol, 2014, 35(4):3347-3354.

[13] Sun GG, Wang YD, Cui DW, et al. EMP1 regulates caspase-9 and VEGFC expression and suppresses prostate cancer cell proliferation and invasion[J]. Tumour Biol, 2014, 35(4): 3455-3462.

[14] Sun GG, Lu YF, Fu ZZ, et al. EMP1 inhibits nasopharyngeal cancer cell growth and metastasis through induction apoptosis and angiogenesis[J]. Tumour Biol, 2014, 35(4):3185-3193.

[15] Bredel M, Bredel C, Juric D, et al. Functional network analysis reveals extended gliomagenesis pathway maps and three novel MYC-interacting genes in human gliomas[J]. Cancer Res, 2005, 65(19):8679-8689.

[16] 來森艷, 王桂華, 曹小年, 等. 上皮膜蛋白-1作為胃腸道間質(zhì)瘤耐藥標(biāo)志物的研究[J]. 中華實(shí)驗(yàn)外科雜志, 2012, 29 (5):885-887. Lai SY, Wang GH, Cao XN, et al. Epithelial membrane protein-1 is a biomarker of imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromai tumors[J]. Chin J Exp Surg, 2012, 29(5):885-887.

[17] Zhang J, Cao W, Xu Q, et al. The expression of EMP1 is downregulated in oral squamous cell carcinoma and possibly associated with tumour metastasis[J]. J Clin Pathol, 2011,64(1):25-29.

[18] 李超, 楊丹, 石芳瓊, 等. MHC-Ⅰ類鏈相關(guān)基因A真核表達(dá)載體的構(gòu)建及穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)染舌鱗癌細(xì)胞的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J]. 華西口腔醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2011, 29(4):437-441. Li C, Yang D, Shi FQ, et al. Construction of eukaryotic expression vector of major histocompatibility complex class-Ⅰrelated chain A and establishment of its stable transfected Tca8113-Tb cell line[J]. West Chin J Stomatol, 2011, 29(4): 437-441.

(本文編輯吳愛華)

Construction of epithelial membrane protein 1 eukaryotic expression vector and its influence on migration and invasion of human oral tongue squamous carcinoma cells


Dai Xiaohua1, Zhang Jun2, Zou Huiru1, Lian Xiaoli1, Li Yanni1, Wang Guanhua1, Yan Yan1. (1. Research Center, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University,Tianjin 300041, China; 2. Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, Stomatological Hospital of Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China)
Supported by: Tianjin Health and Family Planning Commision Foundation (2013KZ053). Correspondence: Zhang Jun, E-mail: zjsurgeon@126.com.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to construct a eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-EMP1 of epithelial membrane protein 1 (EMP1) and investigate its influence on migration and invasion of human oral tongue squamous carcinoma cells. MethodsThe human EMP1 gene was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and then ligated into the pEGFP-N1 vector by double restriction endonuclease digestion to construct pEGFP-N1-EMP1 recombinant plasmid. After sequencing identification, pEGFP-N1-EMP1 recombinant plasmid and pEGFP-N1 plasmid were transfected into human oral tongue squamous carcinoma Tb3.1 cell line. The expression of green fluorescent protein in cells was observed after transfection using an inverted fluorescence microscope. The overexpression of EMP1 mRNA was identified at 24, 48, and 72 h after transfection by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The effect of EMP1 overexpression on migration and invasion of Tb3.1 cells was detected by Transwell assay. ResultsThe full-length EMP1 gene sequence was successfully obtained. Sequence analysis showed that the EMP1 gene was inserted into the pEGFP-N1 vector correctly. Green fluorescence was observed in the transfected cells under fluorescence microscopy. The results of real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that the expression of EMP1 at 24 h after pEGFP-N1-EMP1 transfection was significantly higher than the other groups. Transwell assays indicated that overexpression of the EMP1 gene could significantly inhibit the migration and invasion ability of Tb3.1 cells. ConclusionThe eukaryotic expression vector of EMP1 was successfully constructed, and EMP1 overexpression was confirmed to inhibit the migration and invasion of oral tongue squamous carcinoma cells in vitro. This study laid a foundation for further investigation on the influence of the EMP1 gene on the metastasis of oral tongue squamous carcinoma and its molecular mechanism.

epithelial membrane protein 1;oral tongue squamous carcinoma cell;vector;transfection;cell migration;cell invasion

R 73

A

10.7518/hxkq.2016.04.016

2015-11-10;

2016-02-20

天津市衛(wèi)計(jì)委基金(2013KZ053)

代曉華,副研究員,碩士,Email:jstonehome@163.com

張軍,副主任醫(yī)師,博士,Email:zjsurgeon@126.com

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