2.1.3Taylor的冪法則的測(cè)定
根據(jù)相關(guān)指標(biāo)計(jì)算得到logS2=0.9533logm-0.0485,r=0.997 3,loga<0,b<1,說(shuō)明該幼蟲為均勻分布,種群密度越大分布越均勻。
2.2聚集因素分析
運(yùn)用Blackith的種群聚集均數(shù)公式,計(jì)算不同樣地的聚集均數(shù),結(jié)果如表2所示。各樣地的λ值均小于2,說(shuō)明幼蟲的均勻分布原因是某些環(huán)境因素所引起[11]。
2.3Iwao理論抽樣數(shù)模型
將建立的m*-m回歸模型中a,b的值帶入Iwao最適理論抽樣數(shù)模型,得出最適抽樣數(shù)公式:
表1桑天牛越冬幼蟲的聚集度指標(biāo)
Table 1Aggregation indexes of overwintering larvae ofAprionagermariHope
樣本采集地編號(hào)平均蟲口密度m/(頭·株-1)平均擁擠度m*方差S2擴(kuò)散系數(shù)CWaters指標(biāo)kCassie指標(biāo)CALloyd聚塊性指標(biāo)m*/mMorisita指標(biāo)IδDavid指標(biāo)I10.24620.19830.23440.9522-5.1485-0.19420.80570.8229-0.047820.25130.21380.24190.9625-6.7053-0.14910.85080.8685-0.037530.21030.16600.20100.9558-4.7561-0.21030.78970.8094-0.044240.19490.16300.18870.9682-6.1189-0.16340.83650.8591-0.031850.30770.23980.28680.9321-4.5349-0.22050.77940.7927-0.067960.24100.18930.22860.9483-4.6594-0.21460.78530.8024-0.051770.22560.18100.21560.9554-5.0560-0.19780.80220.8208-0.044680.25640.21640.24620.9600-6.4145-0.15590.84410.8613-0.040090.23590.19930.22730.9634-6.4393-0.15530.84470.8634-0.0366100.21540.18770.20940.9723-7.7778-0.12860.87140.8926-0.0277110.27180.24360.26410.9718-9.6319-0.10380.89610.9134-0.0282120.22050.19070.21390.9702-7.3877-0.13540.86460.8852-0.0298130.15900.13960.15590.9807-8.2245-0.12160.87840.9076-0.0193140.23080.18380.21990.9531-4.9160-0.20340.79650.8146-0.0469150.24620.22390.24070.9778-11.0638-0.09040.90960.9289-0.0222160.26150.21900.25040.9575-6.1503-0.16260.83740.8541-0.0425170.27690.22640.26290.9495-5.4844-0.18230.81760.8330-0.0505180.26670.22150.25460.9549-5.9091-0.16920.83070.8470-0.0451190.17950.15940.17590.9799-8.9216-0.11210.88790.9140-0.0201200.20510.18160.20030.9765-8.7151-0.11470.88520.9079-0.0235210.28210.26170.27630.9796-13.8387-0.07230.92770.9449-0.0204
表2桑天牛越冬幼蟲種群密度與聚集均數(shù)分析
Table 2Analysis of average aggression size of overwintering larvae ofAprionagermariHope
樣地m2kλ10.2462-10.2970-0.223320.2513-13.4105-0.231230.2256-9.5122-0.184340.1949-12.2378-0.180650.3077-9.0698-0.282960.2513-9.3188-0.215770.2256-10.1120-0.208480.2513-12.8289-0.226790.2359-12.8787-0.2077100.2256-15.5556-0.1986110.2718-19.2637-0.2588120.2205-14.7753-0.1991130.1590-16.4490-0.1483140.2359-9.8319-0.1958150.2462-22.1277-0.2374160.2564-12.3006-0.2411170.2769-10.9688-0.2358180.2667-11.8182-0.2333190.2256-17.8431-0.1644200.2051-17.4302-0.1923210.2564-27.6774-0.2684
N=t2/D2(1.009 7m-0.197 1),取t=1,允許誤差D為0.1,0.2,0.3時(shí),蟲口密度為0.09,0.11,0.13,0.15,0.17,0.19,0.21,0.23,0.25,0.27,0.29,0.31,0.33,0.35,0.37頭·株-1時(shí),求出桑天牛越冬幼蟲最適理論抽樣數(shù)量結(jié)果見(jiàn)表3。
2.4序貫抽樣模型
擬設(shè)桑天牛幼蟲防治指標(biāo)m0=0.2頭·株-1,t=1,a=0.009 7,b=0.802 9,代入可得序貫抽樣模型:T(n)=0.2n±0.4405,令n=10,20,30,40,……200,可得出序貫抽樣表見(jiàn)表4。
3 討論
本文通過(guò)對(duì)桑天牛越冬幼蟲的6種聚集度指標(biāo)法、Iwao和Taylor回歸方程、聚集均數(shù)的判定表明,桑天牛越冬幼蟲空間分布型呈均勻分布,此種分布是由幼蟲個(gè)體間相互排斥和環(huán)境因素引起。而黃大莊等[12]研究認(rèn)為,桑天牛幼蟲在楊樹上為聚集分布,且具有密度依賴性。劉康成[13]則認(rèn)為,桑天牛幼蟲在桑樹上的空間分布型為聚集分布,且幼蟲個(gè)體間相互吸引,可見(jiàn),桑天牛幼蟲在不同寄主或同種寄主的不同生長(zhǎng)環(huán)境中其空間分布會(huì)有所不同。具體分析形成均勻分布的原因可能是,桑天牛產(chǎn)卵更喜歡選擇在樹體高大粗壯的寄主上產(chǎn)卵[14],本次調(diào)查的桑樹樹齡2~3年,樹形、樹勢(shì)尚處于生長(zhǎng)階段還未完全定型,會(huì)降低桑天牛產(chǎn)卵量和引起桑天牛幼蟲間的食物競(jìng)爭(zhēng)[15];調(diào)查所采用的方法是根據(jù)新鮮排糞孔作為幼蟲蟲口數(shù)的判定指標(biāo),桑天牛的幼蟲活動(dòng)如排糞隨季節(jié)、光照、溫度的變化,冬季氣溫低于10 ℃排糞也幾乎停止,可見(jiàn)環(huán)境因素當(dāng)中的溫度因子也會(huì)帶來(lái)一定影響[16],可以解釋此種均勻分布是由幼蟲個(gè)體間相互排斥和環(huán)境因素相互作用引起。
文中建立了最適抽樣數(shù)公式:N=t2/D2(1.0097m-0.1971)和序貫抽樣模型:T(n)=0.2n±0.4405。在蟲口密度低的情況下,抽樣量較多,蟲口密度高的情況下,抽樣量較少。在相同蟲口密度下,允許誤差的大小也決定抽樣量的多少。在田間應(yīng)用序貫抽樣調(diào)查時(shí),若調(diào)查樣本的累計(jì)蟲量超過(guò)上限,即判為防治對(duì)象田;低于下限則認(rèn)為暫時(shí)不需要防治;當(dāng)累計(jì)蟲量在上下限之間,則應(yīng)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行調(diào)查,直到最大抽樣數(shù)。
表3桑天牛越冬幼蟲理論抽樣數(shù)
Table 3Theoretical sampling number of overwintering larvae ofAprionagermariHope
允許誤差D蟲口密度/(頭·株-1)0.090.110.130.150.170.190.210.230.250.270.290.310.330.350.370.111028987576535745124614193843543283062862692530.2276225189163144128115105968982767267630.312210084736457514743393634323028
表4桑天牛越冬幼蟲序貫抽樣表
Table 4Sequential sampling table of overwintering larvae ofAprionagermariHope
抽樣量抽樣株數(shù)102030405060708090100110120T(n)上限368111315182022242729T(n)下限124579101214161719
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(責(zé)任編輯張韻)
Spatial distribution pattern and sampling technique of overwintering larvae of Apriona germari Hope
SU Zhen-guo, LIU Yong-hui, LIU Jian-bo, ZHU Hong-tao
(InstituteofSericultureandApiculture,YunnanAcademyofAgriculturalSciences,Mengzi661101,China)
The spatial distribution patterns of overwintering larvae ofAprionagermarilarva inMorusalbawere studied using six spatial distribution pattern analysis methods(m*/m,C,k,Iδ,I,CA)and two regression equations(Taylor power and m*-m), the assembling reasons were analyzed with average aggression size λ. The results indicated that spatial distribution patterns ofAprionagermarilarva population was in uniform distribution. The optimal sampling equation(N=t2(1.0097m-0.1971)/D2) and sequential sampling equation(T(n)=0.2n±0.4405) were established. This paper may provide the basis for prediction and control ofAprionagermari.
AprionagermariHope; overwintering larvae; spatial distribution pattern; sampling techniques
10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2016.02.20
2015-07-11
現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系建設(shè)專項(xiàng)資金“蠶桑”(CARS-22-SYZ27)
蘇振國(guó)(1983—),男,山西右玉人,碩士,助理研究員,從事桑樹病蟲害防治工作。E-mail:szgmcn@163.com
Q968.1
A
1004-1524(2016)02-0302-04
蘇振國(guó),劉永輝,劉建波,等. 桑天牛越冬幼蟲的空間分布與抽樣技術(shù)[J].浙江農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報(bào),2016,28(2): 302-305.