孫文經(jīng)
常用詞用法辨析是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)的一個(gè)難點(diǎn),也是高考短文改錯(cuò)的一個(gè)常考點(diǎn)。本文談?wù)剮讉€(gè)巧記方法,供考生參考。
一、巧設(shè)例句,辨析詞語(yǔ)
將要區(qū)別的詞語(yǔ)糅合在一個(gè)句子里,即“巧辨只在一句中”。這樣它們的意思對(duì)比就更突出,用法區(qū)別一目了然。如:
1. A number of experts think that the number of pandas is increasing. 許多專家認(rèn)為熊貓的數(shù)量正在增加。
析:a number of ... “若干、許多” 之意,后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);the number of ... “……的數(shù)量” 之意,后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
2. He is not a bit hungry but not a little thirsty. 他一點(diǎn)也不餓,可就是渴得要命。
析:not a bit 意為“一點(diǎn)也不”,相當(dāng)于not at all;not a little意為“非?!?,相當(dāng)于quite。
3. A technologist is a specialist in technology, while a technician is a worker whose technique is very good. 技術(shù)專家是技術(shù)方面的專家,而技術(shù)員則是技藝精湛的工人。
析:technologist技術(shù)專家;technician技師,技術(shù)員;technology科學(xué)技術(shù)(在學(xué)術(shù)理論上的總稱);technique(某種具體的)技術(shù)、技法或技藝。
二、巧用圖形,辨析詞語(yǔ)
有些詞語(yǔ)辨析用語(yǔ)言解析很費(fèi)事,如果用圖形來(lái)加以說(shuō)明,就能化復(fù)雜為簡(jiǎn)單,化抽象為具體。如:
1. beneath,below & under 及其反義詞的區(qū)別,就可用下圖來(lái)辨別。
A person was standing on the bridge and he saw a boat passing under it and a plane flying over the sky. To his surprise, there were still a lot of birds above his head; at the same time he saw a lot of fish below the river, so he walked down the steps beneath the bridge to catch them. 有個(gè)人站在橋上,看見(jiàn)一般船在橋下駛過(guò)和一架飛機(jī)在空中飛翔。使他吃驚的是,還有一群鳥(niǎo)在頭上飛行,同時(shí),他看到許多魚(yú)兒在河中游玩,于是他走下橋去捉魚(yú)。
2. across & through 的區(qū)別,用文字講解學(xué)生看似明白,可是在使用時(shí)總是混淆。但用以下圖形就有助于辨別,也不再用錯(cuò)了。
One boat is going through the bridge and the other boat is going across the river.一只船正在穿過(guò)橋梁,另一只船在橫過(guò)河流。
3. one, some, another, the other, the others & others的區(qū)別。幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)筆畫就能輕松記住它們之間的關(guān)系。
○ → ● (one, the other)表示只有兩者的情況下,一個(gè)與另一個(gè)的關(guān)系。如:
I have two friends. One is a teacher and the other is a doctor.我有兩個(gè)朋友,一個(gè)是老師,另一個(gè)是醫(yī)生。
○ → ●●● (one, the others)側(cè)重列舉多個(gè)人或物中的一個(gè)與其余全部。如:
They have four children. One is a daughter, and the others are sons.我們有四個(gè)小孩,一個(gè)是女兒,其余三個(gè)是兒子。
○ →○○●○○○ (one, another)側(cè)重在三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物中選擇其中任何一個(gè)。如:
There are many interesting books here. I dont like this one. Would you please show me another?這里有幾本有趣的書(shū)。我不喜歡這一本,請(qǐng)拿另一本給我看看好嗎?
○○○ →○○○●●○○ (some, others)列舉多個(gè)人或物中的一部分和另一部分的一些(不是全部)。如:
Many people are standing there. Some are workers; others are peasants. 許多人站在那里。一些人是工人,另一些人是農(nóng)民。
三、巧用口訣,辨析詞語(yǔ)
有些詞語(yǔ)辨析,可編成口訣或押韻的順口溜等,增強(qiáng)趣味性,也增強(qiáng)記憶效果。如:
1. out of question (毫無(wú)疑問(wèn))與out of the question(不可能的)這對(duì)詞語(yǔ)很容易搞混“the”,我們可這樣記:
“毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)”沒(méi)有the ; 有the 是“不可能的”。
2. lie, lied, lied 撒謊 / lie, lay, lain 躺 / lay, laid, laid 放下,產(chǎn)蛋,這幾個(gè)詞在拼寫上很容易混淆,可用這樣的口訣記:
規(guī)則的“撒謊”,不規(guī)則的“躺”,“躺”過(guò)就“下蛋”,“下蛋”不規(guī)則。
3. some time, sometime, some times 與sometimes, 這幾個(gè)詞形似而含義不同,記住下面口訣就解決問(wèn)題了:
分開(kāi)是“一段”,相連為“某時(shí)”。
分開(kāi)s是“倍、次”,相連s是“有時(shí)”。
再讀讀下面四句話,便會(huì)用這四個(gè)詞。
I will stay here for some time. 我將在這兒呆一段時(shí)間。
Kate will be back sometime in February. 凱特將在2月某個(gè)時(shí)候回來(lái)。
Our school is some times larger than theirs. 我們學(xué)校比他們學(xué)校大幾倍。
Joan goes to school on foot, but sometimes by bike. 瓊步行上學(xué),但有時(shí)也騎車去。