王紅艷,張 輝,彭思涵,曹 俊,謝汶倚,張先庚
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·論著·
·中醫(yī)·中西醫(yī)結(jié)合研究·
金匱腎氣丸防治創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙綜合征孕鼠胎損的基因表達(dá)譜機(jī)制研究
王紅艷,張 輝,彭思涵,曹 俊,謝汶倚,張先庚
背景 孕期應(yīng)激所致胎損與先天受損所致的腎氣受損密切相關(guān),而金匱腎氣丸補(bǔ)腎后可改善母代孕期創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙綜合征(PTSD)所損之腎氣,改善母代PTSD導(dǎo)致的子代生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育異常。目的 研究金匱腎氣丸防治PTSD孕鼠所致胎損的基因表達(dá)譜機(jī)制。方法 2014年7月—2015年3月,將首次受孕的36只SD孕鼠按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為空白對(duì)照組、PTSD組、中藥組,每組12只。PTSD組和中藥組大鼠于孕中期(妊娠第7~13天)進(jìn)行PTSD造模。空白組和PTSD組正常實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下常規(guī)飼料喂養(yǎng),中藥組造模同時(shí)予以金匱腎氣丸飼料至分娩。采用表達(dá)譜芯片檢測(cè)30日齡子鼠的基因表達(dá)情況。結(jié)果 PTSD組與空白對(duì)照組子鼠基因表達(dá)譜分析顯示,共有112條基因差異表達(dá),其中高表達(dá)70條,低表達(dá)42條。金匱腎氣丸可使得其中的53條差異表達(dá)基因恢復(fù)正常,這53條基因主要參與胞吞通路與絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信號(hào)通路。結(jié)論 金匱腎氣丸防治孕鼠PTSD胎損的分子生物學(xué)機(jī)制與53條基因的差異表達(dá)有關(guān),主要涉及胞吞通路與MAPK信號(hào)通路。
金匱腎氣丸;創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙綜合征;基因表達(dá)譜;MAPK信號(hào)通路;細(xì)胞內(nèi)吞
王紅艷,張輝,彭思涵,等.金匱腎氣丸防治創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙綜合征孕鼠胎損的基因表達(dá)譜機(jī)制研究[J].中國(guó)全科醫(yī)學(xué),2016,19(33):4087-4091.[www.chinagp.net]
WANG H Y,ZHANG H,PENG S H,et al.Applying Jinkui Shengqi pills in pegnant rats with PTSD to treat fetal rats injury:gene expression profile and mechanism[J].Chinese General Practice,2016,19(33):4087-4091.
創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙綜合征(PTSD)是指患者遭受重大壓力后心理狀態(tài)失調(diào)產(chǎn)生的后遺癥,這些壓力包括嚴(yán)重物理性傷害、身體或心理上的脅迫、生命遭到威脅等。PTSD作為一種精神創(chuàng)傷性事件后高發(fā)且后果嚴(yán)重的精神疾病,其發(fā)病率高達(dá)7%~12%[1-2]。而孕婦是最容易遭受PTSD損害的人群之一,易導(dǎo)致多種新生兒缺陷[3]。遺傳因素在PTSD的發(fā)生、行為遺傳與神經(jīng)生物學(xué)改變中扮演著關(guān)鍵角色,也是“恐傷腎”、“腎主生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育”等經(jīng)典論述的具體體現(xiàn)[4-5]。本課題組前期研究表明,孕期應(yīng)激所致胎損與先天受損所致腎氣受損密切相關(guān),而金匱腎氣丸補(bǔ)腎后可改善母代孕期PTSD所損之腎氣,改善母代PTSD導(dǎo)致的子代生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育異常[6-7]。為進(jìn)一步研究金匱腎氣丸防治胎損的內(nèi)在基因表達(dá)譜機(jī)制,特設(shè)計(jì)了此對(duì)照試驗(yàn),現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物與分組 實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)間為2014 年7 月—2015 年3月。購(gòu)入SPF 級(jí)成年SD大鼠〔雌雄比為40∶36,成都達(dá)碩生物科技有限公司,生產(chǎn)合格證號(hào):SCXK(川)2008-24〕。適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)后合籠交配,以觀察到陰栓為成功受孕標(biāo)志,選取初次受孕體質(zhì)量為270~310 g的SD雌性大鼠36只,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為:空白對(duì)照組、PTSD組、中藥組,每組12只,每組各3籠。空白對(duì)照組、PTSD組、中藥組孕鼠初孕體質(zhì)量分別為(294.6±15.1)、(295.8±12.6)、(297.0±11.5)g,3組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=0.100,P=0.905)。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)造模 (1)空白對(duì)照組大鼠于正常實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下常規(guī)飼料飼養(yǎng),室溫20~22 ℃,相對(duì)濕度40%~60%,燈光12 h黑白交替照射,不給予任何干預(yù)措施。(2)PTSD組和中藥組大鼠于孕中期(妊娠第7~13天)采用國(guó)際通行的單程長(zhǎng)時(shí)應(yīng)激(SPS)法進(jìn)行PTSD造模[8]。處理步驟如下:大鼠禁錮2 h后立即強(qiáng)迫游泳20 min(水深40 cm,水溫25 ℃)。(3)PTSD組大鼠于正常實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下常規(guī)飼料喂養(yǎng),造模同時(shí)予以金匱腎氣丸(北京同仁堂,研粉,0.5~0.6 g/d)飼料喂養(yǎng)[6]。所有大鼠在預(yù)產(chǎn)期前2天(妊娠第17天)進(jìn)行分籠單獨(dú)飼養(yǎng),以便記錄和測(cè)量。
1.3 試驗(yàn)儀器與試劑 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大鼠盒12套(60 cm×60 cm×60 cm),為塑料邊框。盒底和盒蓋為不銹鋼絲網(wǎng),盒下有塑料托盤。表達(dá)譜芯片測(cè)試、RT-PCR測(cè)試儀器與試劑見參考文獻(xiàn)[6]。
1.4 表達(dá)譜芯片試驗(yàn) 空白對(duì)照組產(chǎn)子鼠161只,PTSD組產(chǎn)子鼠135只,中藥組產(chǎn)子鼠158只。子鼠出生第30天,各組采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法選取10只子鼠。取每只子鼠股動(dòng)脈血4 ml,抗凝,分離白細(xì)胞后提取RNA,經(jīng)質(zhì)檢合格后,采用上海伯豪生物技術(shù)有限公司Agilent大鼠全基因4×44K芯片(ID:014879)。按照文獻(xiàn)[6]進(jìn)行表達(dá)譜芯片實(shí)驗(yàn)。
1.5 RT-PCR驗(yàn)證 基因篩選原則:在配對(duì)比較中,設(shè)定芯片flag值不為A,倍差>2,表達(dá)值>6,結(jié)合GO,選取擬進(jìn)行RT-PCR驗(yàn)證的候選基因[6]。
2.1 基因表達(dá)譜 分析PTSD組與空白對(duì)照組子鼠基因表達(dá)譜,以P<0.05且倍差>2、flag=P基因?yàn)楹Y選標(biāo)準(zhǔn),共篩選出112條差異表達(dá)基因,其中高表達(dá)70條,低表達(dá)42條。分析中藥組與空白對(duì)照組子鼠基因表達(dá)譜,以P>0.05為條件,共篩選出37 984條無差異表達(dá)基因。
將PTSD組與空白對(duì)照組差異表達(dá)基因和中藥組與空白對(duì)照組無差異表達(dá)基因聯(lián)合分析,共篩選出53條基因,即PTSD組與空白對(duì)照組差異表達(dá)基因中高表達(dá)的32條基因和低表達(dá)的21條基因經(jīng)中藥干預(yù)后恢復(fù)至正常水平,即在中藥組與空白對(duì)照組無差異表達(dá)(見表1)。
表1 中藥干預(yù)后表達(dá)正常的53條差異表達(dá)基因Table 1 53 differentially expressed genes returned to normal expression after treatment of Chinese traditional medicine
2.2 功能注釋 將53條差異表達(dá)基因?qū)隟EGG數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(http://www.kegg.jp/)檢索,以P<0.05,q<0.05,Enrichment TestP值<0.05、Hits=3 為篩選標(biāo)準(zhǔn),共篩選出2條差異表達(dá)KEGG通路,分別為胞吞通路(Hspa1l、Epn3、Folr1通路)、絲裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)信號(hào)通路(Ntf3、Fgf17、Hspa1l、Pla2g5通路)(見圖1、圖2)[9-10]。由以上2個(gè)KEGG通路圖可知,表達(dá)譜芯片所檢測(cè)出的差異表達(dá)基因從多方面參與了通路的調(diào)控。
2.3 RT-PCR驗(yàn)證 設(shè)定芯片flag值不為A,倍差>2,表達(dá)值>6,結(jié)合GO與KEGG數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)功能注釋,選取4條基因進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,分別為 Aqp1、Glycam1、Steap1、Ace。4條基因的堿基序列見表2。如圖3所示,當(dāng)RT-PCR結(jié)果中的2-AverageΔCt的值為>1時(shí)表示PTSD組所選基因的RNA濃度大于空白對(duì)照組,即PTSD組較空白對(duì)照組高表達(dá),F(xiàn)C>2 表示PTSD組較空白對(duì)照組高表達(dá),基因表達(dá)結(jié)果與RT-PCR驗(yàn)證結(jié)果相符,符合率達(dá)100%,說明基因芯片可靠度較高。
3.1 金匱腎氣丸防治PTSD的理論依據(jù) 中醫(yī)認(rèn)為PTSD發(fā)生的主要病機(jī)為肝氣郁結(jié)與腎陽不足[11-12],因此溫補(bǔ)腎陽當(dāng)作為治療PTSD 的重要方法[6]。腎陽是全身陽氣的根本,對(duì)心陽起著溫煦和推動(dòng)的作用,故扶助腎陽、補(bǔ)益元?dú)馐桥R床治療的重點(diǎn),溫腎陽、益天元可助心陽,通心氣,復(fù)神明,恢復(fù)正常的心理功能[11]。腎中精氣與腦功能的關(guān)系主要表現(xiàn)為腦功能的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)——腦髓化生來源于腎中精氣。腎精化生腦髓,成為生命之神的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。腎藏精而生髓,主攝納,主恐,倘若腎陽虛衰,化氣失司,精不上奉養(yǎng)髓,腦失所養(yǎng),神識(shí)失常,或不能收攝精神,則可表現(xiàn)為恐懼、絕望、焦慮、抑郁等情緒失常,這些表現(xiàn)均符合 PTSD 的臨床診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。說明溫陽為PTSD的基本治療原則,為助陽法的應(yīng)用提供了理論支持,也為本研究選用金匱腎氣丸干預(yù)提供了理論支持。
3.2 金匱腎氣丸對(duì)PTSD子鼠基因表達(dá)譜的影響 金匱腎氣丸防治孕鼠PTSD對(duì)子鼠的損害具有多方面作用,有研究顯示,金匱腎氣丸可改善母代PTSD所致子代行為與神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育遲緩,其內(nèi)在機(jī)制可能與表達(dá)譜改變有關(guān)[4]。本研究顯示,PTSD可導(dǎo)致子鼠的53條基因表達(dá)異常,而經(jīng)中藥干預(yù)后,中藥組子鼠的這些基因可恢復(fù)至正常水平。通過KEGG通路注釋,共篩選出2條主要KEGG通路,分別為胞吞通路、MAPK信號(hào)通路,提示差異表達(dá)基因參與了通路調(diào)控的多個(gè)方面。
注:A為Hspa1l通路,B為Epn3通路,C為Folr1通路
圖1 胞吞通路圖
Figure 1 Endocytosis pathway diagram
注:A為Ntf3通路,B為Fgf17通路,C為Hspa1l通路,D為Pla2g5通路
圖2 MAPK信號(hào)通路圖
Figure 2 MAPK signal pathway diagram
表2 4條驗(yàn)證基因的堿基序列Table 2 Nucleotide sequences of the four validation genes
3.3 胞吞通路、MAPK信號(hào)通路與PTSD的關(guān)系 胞吞作用是通過質(zhì)膜的變形運(yùn)動(dòng)將細(xì)胞外物質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)入細(xì)胞內(nèi)的過程,是生物物質(zhì)與信息傳遞的基本形式。PTSD的應(yīng)激過程與各種神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的內(nèi)吞傳遞密切相關(guān)[12]。LIN等[13]發(fā)現(xiàn)杏仁核的GABAA內(nèi)吞與PTSD的恐懼重現(xiàn)有關(guān)。BAI等[14]發(fā)現(xiàn)d-serine可通過促進(jìn)GluA2-containing AMPA受體的內(nèi)吞作用來增強(qiáng)PTSD的恐懼消除。MAPK是一組可被各種胞外刺激,如神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)、細(xì)胞因子、細(xì)胞應(yīng)激、激素及細(xì)胞黏附等激活的絲氨酸-蘇氨酸蛋白激酶。MAPK通路的三級(jí)激酶模式即MAPK激酶激酶、MAPK激酶和MAPK能依次激活,從而共同調(diào)控細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)、分化、對(duì)環(huán)境的應(yīng)激適應(yīng)、炎性反應(yīng)等多種重要的細(xì)胞生理/病理過程[15]。MAPK通路與PTSD密切相關(guān),于健等[16]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)海馬和杏仁核的突觸可塑性及杏仁核MAPK磷酸化水平的降低可能是造成PTSD患者出現(xiàn)眾多精神癥狀的原因。有研究表明ERK-MAPK與p38 MAPk均參與了PTSD的應(yīng)激過程,以及HPA軸的調(diào)控[17-18]。
圖3 PTSD組與空白對(duì)照組基因表達(dá)譜與RT-PCR驗(yàn)證關(guān)聯(lián)分析
Figure 3 Analysis of correlation between gene expression profile and RT-PCR validation among PTSD group and blank control group
綜上,本研究從表達(dá)譜層面證實(shí)金匱腎氣丸防治孕鼠PTSD胎損的分子生物學(xué)機(jī)制與基因表達(dá)譜改變有關(guān),即涉及MAPK信號(hào)通路、胞吞通路的表達(dá)譜改變的生物節(jié)律為主要通路。雖然基因芯片具有高通量、高效的特點(diǎn),但也存在某些不足之處。例如實(shí)驗(yàn)重復(fù)性欠佳、假陽性率偏高。本研究盡可能降低芯片本身因素對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)的干擾,如設(shè)置了一定的生物學(xué)重復(fù),但要完全消除這些誤差因素是不可能的。這有待于下一代擴(kuò)大生物學(xué)重復(fù)以及新的測(cè)序技術(shù)發(fā)展來有效地結(jié)局芯片本身帶來誤差等問題。
作者貢獻(xiàn):王紅艷、張輝進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施、資料收集整理、撰寫論文、成文并對(duì)文章負(fù)責(zé);彭思涵、曹俊、謝汶倚進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)施、評(píng)估、資料收集;張先庚進(jìn)行質(zhì)量控制及審校。
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(本文編輯:趙躍翠)
Applying Jinkui Shengqi Pills in Pregnant Rats with PTSD to Treat Fetal Rats Injury:Gene Expression Profile and Mechanism
WANGHong-yan,ZHANGHui,PENGSi-han,CAOJun,XIEWen-yi,ZHANGXian-geng.SichuanNursingVocationalCollege,Chengdu610100,China
Correspondingauthor:ZHANGHui,ChengduUniversityofTCM,Chengdu611137,China;E-mail:jeff_chuang@foxmail.com
Background The prenatal stress can cause fetal rats injury,it is closely related to congenital impairment-induced kidney qi damage.Jinkui Shengqi Pills can improve the kidney qi damage of pregnant rats with post traumatic stress disorder(PTSD),and can improve the pregnant rats′ PTSD-induced abnormal growth of offspring rats.Objective Jinkui Shengqi Pills were applied in pregnant rats with PTSD to treat fetal rats injury,the gene expression profile and mechanism were explored.Methods The study was implemented between July 2014 and March 2015,36 initial pregnant SD rats were divided into 3 groups by random number table method:control group(n=12),PTSD group(n=12),and Jinkui Shengqi Pill group(n=12).The PTSD model rats were established during the second trimester(the 7th-13th day after gestation) in PTSD group and Jinkui Shengqi Pill group.The rats in control group and PTSD group were fed with conventional food under normal experiment condition.The rats in Jinkui Shengqi Pill group were fed with food consisting of Jinkui Shengqi Pill until delivery.Gene expression of 30 days old rats was detected by gene expression profile chips.Results According to the gene expression profile analysis of 30 days old rats in PTSD group and blank group,there were 112 differentially expressed genes,including 70 highly expressed genes and 42 low expressed genes,among which 53 genes returned to normal by using Jinkui Shengqi Pills,these 53 genes were mainly involved in endocytosis pathway and MAPK signaling pathway.Conclusion Applying Jinkui Shengqi Pills in pregnant rats with PTSD can treat fetal rats injury,the underlying molecular biology mechanism is related to the differential expression of 53 genes,these 53 genes were mainly involved in endocytosis pathway and MAPK signaling pathway.
Jinkui Shengqi pills;Post traumatic stress disorder;Gene expression profiling;MAPK signaling pathway;Endocytosis pathway
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81373710);成都中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)科技發(fā)展基金項(xiàng)目(ZRQN1541)
610100四川省成都市,四川護(hù)理職業(yè)學(xué)院(王紅艷,張先庚);成都中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)(張輝,彭思涵,曹俊,謝汶倚)
張輝,611137四川省成都市,成都中醫(yī)藥大學(xué);E-mail:jeff_chuang@foxmail.com
R 749.72
A
10.3969/j.issn.1007-9572.2016.33.013
2016-03-15;
2016-09-25)