周紅元

近些年來英語書面表達的閱卷采用了新的標準，不再把要點齊全、語法正確作為閱卷的最高標準，而要求考生運用一些高級表達方式來提升文章的檔次。也就是說閱卷老師最注重的是語言，換句話說是亮點，根據(jù)語言使用情況，亮點的多少而定出檔次，所以考生在書面表達中語言上的亮點是得高分的關鍵。常見的有：高級詞匯和句型;修辭手法;有效的連詞;名人名言或諺語。本文簡單介紹亮點當中至關重要的高級表達形式，過渡詞語等一些技巧的使用。

一、高級表達的類型

1.盡力使用高級詞匯

詞匯量能反映一個人知識儲存量的多少，靈活運用高級詞匯是語言能力較強的重要標志。表達時使用高級詞匯能有效地提高表達的層次，使語言不至于單純和幼稚。

（1）寫作中要根據(jù)具體的語言環(huán)境，使用些具有特定意義，蘊含感情色彩的詞語，少用一些過于大眾化的詞匯。

He is a good teacher .和 He is a warm-hearted teacher.

“good”一詞可以用來表“人”，也可用來表“事”，但用在特定的語言環(huán)境中，最好想一個更能說明事物特征的詞來替換。

（2）盡可能用短語。多使用短語，來代替單詞，會增加文采，同時也使句子表達更形象生動。

①I have asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you want.

I have asked him to bring you the Chinese painting you have been looking forward to .

②I can no longer bear the way he speaks to us.

I can no longer put up with the way he speaks to us.

（3）使用高中階段的新詞。寫作中要盡可能使用高中學過的詞匯來代替初中學過的一些同義的簡單的詞匯。

Each time I meet him， he is busy with his research.

Each time I meet him， he is occupied with his research.

（4）盡量在同一文章中不重復使用某個詞。

Weve built a new experiment building beside the old one and weve also built a library where the old playground used to be.

Weve built a new experiment building beside the old one and weve also set up a library where the old playground used to be.

不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，以上例句中，第二種表達方式與第一種表達的意思相同，但使用的詞匯或短語使句子表達更加的生動化、多樣化。因此，為了能在寫作中突破，須從以上幾點進行強化訓練。

二、使用復雜結構

在一篇短文中，要適當?shù)馗淖冋Z法結構來表達同一種意思，會使文章表達多樣化，層次感突出，也就是把閱卷老師心目中的亮點凸顯出來。在書面表達中的亮點句式主要有以下幾種：倒裝、強調(diào)、從句、分詞結構、感嘆句、with復合結構 以及虛擬語氣等

（1）妙用倒裝句。在一篇陳述到底的文章中，有倒裝句的出現(xiàn)會使閱卷老師眼前一亮。

【典例1】They can grow up to be independent and become truly successful only in this way.

→Only in this way can they grow up to be independent and become truly successful.

【典例2】Although I was tired， I never felt so happy.

→ Tired as I was， I never felt so happy.（倒裝句）

（2）巧用被動句。受漢語思維影響，在寫作時，考生通常使用主動語態(tài)來表達文義。其實，在一篇文章中適當使用被動語態(tài)，也會使句型豐富起來。

【典例3】We should make full use of every minute to learn English well.

→Every minute should be made full use of to learn English well.

【典例4】Youd better pay more attention to your pronunciation.

→More attention should be paid to your pronunciation.

（3）會用分詞結構。在英語語法中，分詞的用法是一重點難點，其在句中的功能也是多變的，因此，學會使用分詞結構，尤其是分詞作狀語的結構，完全可以用來替代狀語從句，從而也增加文章的亮點。

【典例5】When we are faced with this terrible situation， we never give in to it.

→Faced with this terrible situation， we never give in to it.

【典例6】All the books which are offered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day.

→All the books offered by the students are reported to have been sent to the children in the countryside the other day

（4）用好復合句。利用基礎詞匯和基本句型來寫作，盡管無語法錯誤，也不能得到高分，而在寫作中能用好復合句等較復雜的句式，即：名詞性從句，狀語從句，定語從句，強調(diào)句型等，即使有小錯誤（只要不是表達錯誤）亦可得到最高檔次的分數(shù)。

【典例7】我們最喜歡的是我們在一起賞月的那段時光。

→What we love most is the time when we enjoyed the full moon together.

（主語從句）

【典例8】自從上大學以來，我一直擔任班長，這大大提高了我的組織能力。

→I have been class monitor since I came to our college， which greatly brought me a strong ability of organization.（定語從句）

（5）活用強調(diào)句行。

【典例9】We can finish the task on time in this way.

→It is in this way that we can finish the task on time.

三、巧用過渡性詞語，增強文章的邏輯性銜接

在經(jīng)過審題、擬點、寫要點、充實句子之后，能有效地使用語句間或段落間的過渡詞將句子或段落銜接好，使文章更加的流暢自然，是考生突破書面表達的關鍵一步。下面將幾種過渡銜接詞語歸納如下：

（1）開篇表達型。according to， at first， first ， first of all， to start with， recently， so far， up to now ， at present， in recent years， currently 等。

（2）承上啟下型。whats more， furthermore， moreover， besides， in addition （to）， whats worse， to make matters worse， worse still， on the one hand… on the other hand， for example， such as， as follows， then， that is（to say）， in other words， meanwhile， at the same time等。

（3）前因后果型。because ， as， since， thanks to， due to， owing to， as a result （of）， because of， in view of， on account of， as a consequence， one reason is that …， another reason is that…， so …as to…， so…that， so that， therefore等。

（4）轉(zhuǎn)折過渡型。but， however， on the contrary， or ， or else， otherwise， while， despite， in spite of， regardless of， instead （of） ， no matter who （what， when ， where等）以及what/ who/ when/ where 等/+ever等。

（5）總結概括型。in short， in brief， in a word， on the whole， in general， above all， finally， in conclusion， at last， in summary， in ones opinion， as far as sb. be concerned等e.g①I dont like the dress. Its too expensive.

→I dont like the dress， whats more， its too expensive.

②I will go to Beijing for a visit and I will go on a trip to Sichuan， where there are a great number of places of interest.

→I will go to Beijing for a visit. In addition， Ill go on a trip to Sichuan， where there are a great number of places of interest.

練習：Dear friends，

In todays world，（1）it will be helpful to be able master a foreign language in our life. Here Id like to share my learning methods.

A， I think it useful to learn grammar and remember as many useful sentence patterns as I can. I believe（2）if we read more English， our English will be better. B I spend much time reading English newspapers and magazines after class. （3）It helps to improve my English. C， TV and radio programs are very helpful.

①Learning English D increases my awareness of foreign cultures E

helps me to communicate with English-speaking people and to make more new friends.

F， sometimes I get discouraged G I keep forgetting words I have just learned. Id like to use the opportunity to seek for your advice. Thank you ?、?/p>

Yours sincerely，

Li Hua

按要求將文章改寫：

1.在A～G處加上適當?shù)倪^度詞或關連詞

A. B.

C. D.

E. F.

G.

2.將序號（1）后的句子改變主語形式后為：

3.將序號（2）后的句子用另外句型表達為：

4.將序號（3）后的句子與其前句子合并為復合句：

5.將序號①② 換成短語表達為：

①

②

答案：

1.A. At first 及類似均可

B .So

C. Besides/ In addition等類型均可

D. not only

E ?but also

F. ?However

G ? because

2.being able to master a foreign language will be helpful

3.the more we read， the better our English will be

4.I spend much time reading English newspapers and magazines after class， which helps to improve my English

5. ①of great help ?②make use of

四、歸納總結

（1）無論使用高級詞匯，多樣句式還是過渡銜接詞，都要經(jīng)過再三斟酌，確保沒有明顯的語法錯誤或上下文之間的邏輯關系恰當合理，否則會弄巧成拙。

（2）使用高級表達和過渡銜接詞時，要運用自然，不矯揉造作，不要一味追求新、奇、難的語法。

（3）在使用高級表達時，也不要全篇均是高級表達，否則讓閱卷者讀起來很不自然，顯得更加地生硬。