楊 航 凌云鵬 郭麗君
(北京大學(xué)第三醫(yī)院心臟外科,北京 100083)
·技術(shù)改進(jìn)·
左胸小切口雙側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈雙支全動(dòng)脈化旁路移植聯(lián)合經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療冠狀動(dòng)脈多支病變1例報(bào)告*
楊 航 凌云鵬**郭麗君①
(北京大學(xué)第三醫(yī)院心臟外科,北京 100083)
本文報(bào)道1例60歲男性患者因急性胸痛就診于我院,冠狀動(dòng)脈造影提示嚴(yán)重的冠狀動(dòng)脈三支病變,行微創(chuàng)冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植聯(lián)合冠狀動(dòng)脈支架置入。通過(guò)左胸壁2個(gè)切口獲取雙側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈并吻合成為Y型橋,然后分別將左、右乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈遠(yuǎn)端吻合至前降支和中間支,手術(shù)時(shí)間306 min,術(shù)中出血50 ml,5 d后對(duì)右狀動(dòng)冠狀病變進(jìn)行冠狀動(dòng)脈介入支架治療。術(shù)后第8天順利出院。隨訪1個(gè)月患者未再有胸痛癥狀發(fā)作。我們認(rèn)為對(duì)于復(fù)雜冠狀動(dòng)脈多支病變,這種雜交技術(shù)是微創(chuàng)而有效的。
微創(chuàng)冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植; 雙側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈; 雜交技術(shù)
小切口直視下微創(chuàng)冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植(minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass,MIDCAB)與經(jīng)皮冠狀動(dòng)脈介入治療(percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI)結(jié)合的雜交手術(shù)(Hybrid)由于遠(yuǎn)期通暢率良好、微創(chuàng)等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在臨床上已被廣泛認(rèn)可,但MIDCAB由于術(shù)野及操作空間的限制,完成非前降支血管吻合較困難,2015年11月我科應(yīng)用特制牽開(kāi)裝置,完成左胸小切口雙側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈雙支全動(dòng)脈化旁路移植手術(shù),拓展了MIDCAB及雜交手術(shù)的應(yīng)用空間,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
患者男,60歲,主因胸痛胸悶半個(gè)月于2015年10月30日入院。冠狀動(dòng)脈造影提示前降支近段狹窄80%,中間支開(kāi)口及近段狹窄90%,回旋支近段狹窄50%,右冠中段狹窄90%(圖1)。實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查未見(jiàn)手術(shù)禁忌證。入院時(shí)血壓150/80 mm Hg。既往原發(fā)性高血壓病史5年。入院診斷:①冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟病、不穩(wěn)定性心絞痛、竇性心律、心功能Ⅱ級(jí)(NYHA);②原發(fā)性高血壓1級(jí),中危(收縮壓140~159 mm Hg,合并危險(xiǎn)因素:男性,>55歲,吸煙)。
入院第5天先行MIDCAB。全麻雙腔氣管插管,經(jīng)左側(cè)第5肋間6 cm小切口進(jìn)胸,和傳統(tǒng)小切口冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植相比增加劍突下1個(gè)2 cm橫切口,在傳統(tǒng)MIDCAB器械牽開(kāi)左側(cè)胸壁的同時(shí),使用Rultract固定桿和Rultract牽引裝置,從胸骨下段利用滑輪原理向上牽拉劍突(圖2),在直視下先后獲取右側(cè)和左側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈,全身肝素化后離斷右側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈,將右側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈近端與左側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈中段端側(cè)吻合形成Y型橋,然后分別將左、右乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈遠(yuǎn)端吻合至前降支和中間支(圖3),魚(yú)精蛋白中和肝素,分別自原劍突下切口和左腋前線第7肋間放置雙側(cè)胸腔引流管后關(guān)胸,手術(shù)時(shí)間306 min,術(shù)中出血50 ml。
患者恢復(fù)順利,術(shù)后第1天晨拔除氣管插管,即開(kāi)始口服阿司匹林腸溶片和硫酸氫氯吡格雷片雙聯(lián)抗凝治療。術(shù)后第5天在導(dǎo)管室行再次冠狀動(dòng)脈造影,造影證實(shí)Y型血管橋顯影良好,血流通暢,隨即于右冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄部位置入3.0 mm×29 mm支架1枚,造影示結(jié)果滿意,未見(jiàn)殘余狹窄及夾層(圖4)。PCI術(shù)后第2天出院,切口情況見(jiàn)圖5。隨訪1個(gè)月,患者未再有胸痛癥狀發(fā)作。
圖1 術(shù)前冠狀動(dòng)脈造影情況:1為前降支狹窄,2為中間支狹窄,3為右冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄 圖2 MIDCAB手術(shù)牽引裝置,1為傳統(tǒng)MIDCAB器械,2為Rultract固定桿,3為Rultract牽引裝置 圖3 術(shù)中旁路移植情況:1為左乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈-前降支,2為左乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈-右乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈-中間支 圖4 術(shù)后造影情況:1為左乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈-右乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈-中間支,2為左乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈-前降支,3為 PCI術(shù)后的右冠狀動(dòng)脈 圖5 術(shù)后切口情況
1996年Angelini等[1]提出雜交冠狀動(dòng)脈血運(yùn)重建技術(shù),將微創(chuàng)冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植與PCI鑲嵌在一起,在臨床上已應(yīng)用近20年,創(chuàng)傷小、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低、中遠(yuǎn)期通暢率良好等優(yōu)勢(shì)已得到學(xué)術(shù)界廣泛的認(rèn)可[2,3]。
常用的微創(chuàng)冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植手術(shù)分為4種入路[4,5]:①胸骨下段小切口;②左前外側(cè)小切口;③胸腔鏡輔助;④達(dá)芬奇機(jī)器人輔助(受限于場(chǎng)地及設(shè)備的要求),其中MIDCAB在臨床上應(yīng)用最為廣泛。由于術(shù)野的限制,MIDCAB通常只完成左側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈至前降支的旁路移植操作,若合并其他血管病變,則需要聯(lián)合PCI進(jìn)行完全再血管化治療。隨著冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植技術(shù)的發(fā)展與進(jìn)步,如何通過(guò)微創(chuàng)手術(shù)完成多支血管橋操作成為新的研究熱點(diǎn)與發(fā)展趨勢(shì),基于乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈具有其他橋血管無(wú)法比擬的良好近遠(yuǎn)期通暢率等特點(diǎn)[6],且不切斷胸骨的微創(chuàng)旁路移植不存在胸骨愈合不良的并發(fā)癥,在獲取雙側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈方面具有先天優(yōu)勢(shì),因此,學(xué)者們開(kāi)始探討如何使用雙側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈完成多支血管橋吻合。
Nishida等[7]最先報(bào)道應(yīng)用達(dá)芬奇機(jī)器人獲取雙側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈進(jìn)行多支冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植。高長(zhǎng)青等[8]亦將此技術(shù)應(yīng)用于臨床,這種方法安全可靠,并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率低,但具有設(shè)備昂貴,利用率低,技術(shù)學(xué)習(xí)曲線長(zhǎng)等缺點(diǎn)[9]。MIDCAB直視下獲取雙側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈進(jìn)行多支冠狀動(dòng)脈旁路移植由Weerasinghe等[10]最先報(bào)道,他額外行右前外側(cè)切口用于右側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈的獲取。Nambiar等[11]將此方法進(jìn)一步改進(jìn),應(yīng)用特殊懸吊裝置懸吊劍突,通過(guò)左前外側(cè)切口完成右側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈獲取,我們將此技術(shù)成功應(yīng)用于臨床,胸部切口僅6 cm,沒(méi)有其他獲取血管的額外切口。
本技術(shù)核心在于需要在劍突下行2 cm切口,切口不可過(guò)長(zhǎng),以恰好能置入Rultract牽引裝置為宜,暴露劍突后將長(zhǎng)約5 cm的牽引拉鉤緊貼胸骨背面置入,然后連接床旁的牽引桿向上牽引,這種方法使右側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈近、遠(yuǎn)端均易于顯露,能夠獲取足夠的長(zhǎng)度,順序?yàn)橄扔坞x右側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈8~10 cm,再獲取左側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈,全身肝素化后離斷右側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈近端遠(yuǎn)端及左側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈遠(yuǎn)端,行Y型吻合。旁路移植過(guò)程中,難點(diǎn)是非LAD血管的顯露和吻合,手術(shù)空間狹小,對(duì)于術(shù)者的技術(shù)有更高的要求,根據(jù)我們的經(jīng)驗(yàn),固定非LAD血管盡量使用負(fù)壓吸盤(pán)式穩(wěn)定器,適當(dāng)調(diào)整穩(wěn)定器壓腳形狀,使其更適應(yīng)深方操作,搬動(dòng)過(guò)程注意血流動(dòng)力學(xué)變化,手術(shù)結(jié)束后,劍突下切口可用于放置胸腔引流管。
左胸小切口雙側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈旁路移植能夠在微創(chuàng)下完成多支全動(dòng)脈化旁路移植操作,保證了良好的遠(yuǎn)期通暢率,同時(shí)不破壞胸骨完整性,即使糖尿病患者也能安全獲取雙側(cè)乳內(nèi)動(dòng)脈,無(wú)須擔(dān)心胸骨愈合問(wèn)題。因此,此術(shù)式無(wú)疑為冠狀動(dòng)脈復(fù)雜血管病變患者提供效果好、創(chuàng)傷小、恢復(fù)快的最優(yōu)選擇。
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(修回日期:2016-02-17)
(責(zé)任編輯:李賀瓊)
Minimally Invasive Coronary Bypass by Using Bilateral Internal Mammary Arteries Combine with Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease: Case Report
YangHang*,LingYunpeng*,GuoLijun.
*DepartmentofCardiacSurgery,PekingUniversityThirdHospital,Beijing100083,China
LingYunpeng,E-mail:micsling@163.com
Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass; Bilateral internal mammary artery; Hybrid technique
北京大學(xué)第三醫(yī)院臨床重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目 培育探索項(xiàng)目
B
1009-6604(2016)05-0452-03
10.3969/j.issn.1009-6604.2016.05.018
2015-12-22)
**通訊作者,E-mail:micsling@163.com ①心內(nèi)科
【Summary】 A 60-year-old man was admitted with main complaint of chest pain on exertion. Coronary angiogram showed severe triple vessel disease. He underwent the hybrid technique of treatment through two left minithoracotomy incisions. Both internal thoracic arteries were harvested under direct vision. The left internal mammary artery(LIMA) and right internal mammary artery(RIMA) compositing Y grafts was constructed. The LIMA was anastomosed to the left anterior descending branch and the RIMA was anastomosed to the ramus intermedius. The operation time was 306 min. The amount of bleeding during operation was 50 ml. Five days later he underwent percutaneous coronary intervention at right coronary artery lesion successfully. He was discharged from hospital 8 days after operation,and didn’t complain of chest pain during fellow-up for one month. This technique demonstrates to be an effective and minimally invasive alternative to treat patients with multivessel coronary artery disease.