袁勤林
(四川省內(nèi)江市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院眼科,四川 內(nèi)江 641000)
眼底熒光血管造影聯(lián)合光學(xué)相干斷層照相在診斷治療滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離中的臨床分析
袁勤林
(四川省內(nèi)江市中醫(yī)醫(yī)院眼科,四川 內(nèi)江 641000)
目的探討眼底熒光血管造影聯(lián)合光學(xué)相干斷層照相在診斷治療滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離中的作用。方法選取我科收治的6例視網(wǎng)膜脫離經(jīng)眼底鏡,三面鏡檢查未發(fā)現(xiàn)裂孔者行眼底熒光血管造影聯(lián)合光學(xué)相干斷層照相。結(jié)果滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離眼底熒光血管造影表現(xiàn)5例為后極部為主,可伴有中周邊多灶性針尖樣和斑駁樣熒光,后期可見滲漏增強(qiáng),1例患者表現(xiàn)為多灶性強(qiáng)熒光滲漏,OCT檢查表現(xiàn)為視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)上皮層漿液性脫離、色素上皮層結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,治療針對(duì)病因及抗炎對(duì)癥治療后恢復(fù)。結(jié)論由于滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離一般伴有全身?。ㄈ缛焉锔哐獕壕C合征),眼部的嚴(yán)重葡萄膜炎包括特發(fā)性葡萄膜炎,交感性眼炎,嚴(yán)重的視網(wǎng)膜由于滲出性視網(wǎng)色素上皮病變(如特重型中心性漿液性視網(wǎng)膜脈絡(luò)膜病變),脈絡(luò)膜滲漏癥等,而上述病變通過眼底熒光血管造影可以診斷,OCT可以動(dòng)態(tài)觀察本病在治療過程中的變化,因此眼底熒光血管造影聯(lián)合光學(xué)相干斷層照相的影像檢查對(duì)于滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離的診斷及觀察治療效果起到了積極作用。
眼底熒光血管造影;光學(xué)相干斷層照相;診斷治療;滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離
在臨床中視網(wǎng)膜脫離為眼科常見疾病,一般分為原發(fā)性(裂孔性)視網(wǎng)膜脫離,牽拉性視網(wǎng)膜脫離和滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離,對(duì)于裂孔性視網(wǎng)膜脫離我們常規(guī)采用手術(shù)治療,但對(duì)于眼底鏡及三面鏡未發(fā)現(xiàn)裂孔者,我們不能完全排除裂孔的存在,故我科對(duì)于未發(fā)現(xiàn)裂孔的視網(wǎng)膜脫離,常規(guī)行眼底熒光血管造影聯(lián)合光學(xué)相干斷層照相檢查,根據(jù)檢查結(jié)果6例診斷為滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離,報(bào)道如下。
1.1 臨床資料:我科診治的6例視網(wǎng)膜脫離經(jīng)眼底鏡及三面鏡檢查未發(fā)現(xiàn)裂孔者,男性2例2只眼,女性4例4只眼,年齡31~72歲,平均年齡52.5歲。
1.2 方法:檢查前60 min給以復(fù)方托吡卡胺眼液每10 min一次,共6次至充分散瞳,先用TOPCON 3D OCT-2000行光學(xué)相干斷層照相,然后做熒光素鈉注射液皮試,觀察15 min無異常反應(yīng),靜脈快速推入20%熒光素鈉注射液3 mL后,使用Zeiss Meditec AG開始眼底熒光血管造影檢查。
眼底熒光血管造影:5例為后極部為主,可伴有中周邊多灶性針尖樣和斑駁樣熒光,1例患者表現(xiàn)為多灶性強(qiáng)熒光滲漏光學(xué)相干斷層照相:6例均可見視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)上皮層漿液性脫離,色素上皮層結(jié)構(gòu)破壞,1例同時(shí)伴有色素上皮層脫離。根據(jù)上述檢查結(jié)果5例患者考慮葡萄膜炎給以抗炎散瞳對(duì)癥治療好轉(zhuǎn),1例考慮為嚴(yán)重的中心性漿液性視網(wǎng)膜脈絡(luò)膜病變行激光封閉滲漏點(diǎn)及對(duì)癥治療后好轉(zhuǎn),復(fù)查OCT均可見脫離好轉(zhuǎn)。
滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離一般不需手術(shù)治療,關(guān)鍵是尋找視網(wǎng)膜脫離的病因,然后根據(jù)病因進(jìn)行治療,多數(shù)愈后尚佳,對(duì)于藥物治療無效的也可以考慮手術(shù)治療,而眼底熒光血管造影聯(lián)合光學(xué)相干斷層照相對(duì)于滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離的診斷和尋找病因起著重要的作用。
視網(wǎng)膜脫離為眼科常見疾病之一,其中大部分視網(wǎng)膜脫離均可找到裂孔而進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療,而滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離臨床中少見,導(dǎo)致滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離的原因眾多,滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離常并發(fā)于全身心血管和血液性疾病或繼發(fā)于眼部視網(wǎng)膜、脈絡(luò)膜的其他疾患,如腎病、糖尿病、妊娠高血壓綜合征、血液病、膠原病等均可以發(fā)生視網(wǎng)膜脫離,視網(wǎng)膜、脈絡(luò)膜的循環(huán)障礙,色素上皮病或嚴(yán)重的炎癥,腫瘤以及眼部外傷或手術(shù)后也可出現(xiàn)視網(wǎng)膜脫離。其發(fā)病機(jī)制主要是視網(wǎng)膜毛細(xì)血管和色素上皮屏障功能受到破壞,導(dǎo)致血漿和脈絡(luò)膜大量液體滲出和積聚在視網(wǎng)膜下形成滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離[1]。臨床中滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離無裂孔,脫離的視網(wǎng)膜成球形,脫離的范圍廣泛,多隨體位而改變[2],并且本病脫離的視網(wǎng)膜多數(shù)表面光滑,不伴有視網(wǎng)膜皺褶或牽拉,因而在臨床中診斷還是比較容易,但是常規(guī)的檢查在滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離得病因?qū)ふ液蛣?dòng)態(tài)觀察方面存在不足之處。為了彌補(bǔ)此類不足之處我科對(duì)于此病采用眼底熒光血管造影聯(lián)合光學(xué)相干斷層照相進(jìn)行診斷及動(dòng)態(tài)觀察。眼底熒光血管造影通過靜脈注射熒光素鈉注射液,熒光素鈉注射液隨血流運(yùn)行時(shí)可動(dòng)態(tài)地勾劃出血管的形態(tài),加上熒光現(xiàn)象,提高了血管的對(duì)比度和可見性,使一些細(xì)微的血管變化以及脈絡(luò)膜和視網(wǎng)膜的微小病變都能夠早期發(fā)現(xiàn)和診斷,從而為臨床中尋找滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離的病因提供了有價(jià)值的依據(jù),光學(xué)相干斷層掃描技術(shù)是近十年迅速發(fā)展起來的一種成像技術(shù),它利用弱相干光干涉儀的基本原理,檢測(cè)生物組織不同深度層面對(duì)入射弱相干光的背向反射或幾次散射信號(hào),通過掃描,可得到生物組織二維或三維結(jié)構(gòu)圖像,它既可觀察眼前節(jié),又能顯示眼后節(jié)的形態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),在眼內(nèi)疾病尤其是視網(wǎng)膜疾病的診斷,隨訪觀察及治療效果評(píng)價(jià)等方面具有良好的效果,因此二者聯(lián)合使用對(duì)于滲出性視網(wǎng)膜脫離的早期的病因?qū)ふ?,指?dǎo)疾病的治療和動(dòng)態(tài)觀察疾病的轉(zhuǎn)歸有明顯的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
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[2] 傅守靜.視網(wǎng)膜脫離診斷治療學(xué)[M].北京:北京科學(xué)技術(shù)出版社, 1999:83.
Fundus Fluorescence Angiography in Combination with Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis of Clinical Analysis for the Treatment of Exudative Retinal Detachment
YUAN Qin-lin
(Department of Ophthalmology, Neijiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Neijiang 641000, China)
ObjectiveExplore the fundus fluorescence angiography combined optical coherence tomography in the diagnosis and treatment of exudative retinal detachment.MethodSelection of 6 cases of retinal detachment admitted in our department by ophthalmoscope, three sides mirror examination was found in the line of fundus fluorescence angiography combined optical coherence tomography.ResultExudative retinal detachment after fundus fluorescence angiography performed in 5 cases of pole of the primarily, may be accompanied by the surrounding multifocal needlepoint sample and mottled fluorescence, the late visible leakage increase, 1 patient show multiple focal strong fluorescence leakage, OCT examination showed serous detachment of retinal nerve epithelium, destruction of pigment epithelial layer structure, treatment for the cause of disease and anti inflammatory treatment after the recovery.ConclusionBecause the exudation of retinal detachment is generally accompanied by systemic disease(Such as pregnancy induced hypertension syndrome), serious ocular uveitis including idiopathic uveitis, sympathetic ophthalmia, severe retinal pigment epithelial lesions due to the exudation(Severe central serous retinopathy, central serous), choroidal leakage, et al. The above pathological changes can be diagnosed by fundus fluorescein angiography, OCT can dynamically observe the changes of the disease during the treatment. Therefore, the diagnosis and observation of the diagnosis and treatment of the retinal detachment by fundus fluorescein angiography and optical coherence tomography can play a positive role in the diagnosis and treatment.
Fundus fluorescein angiography; Optical coherence tomography; Diagnosis and treatment; Retinal detachment
R774.1+<2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:B class="emphasis_bold">2 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:B 文章編號(hào):1671-8194(2017)16-0024-022 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:B
1671-8194(2017)16-0024-02
B 文章編號(hào):1671-8194(2017)16-0024-02