楊宗林,趙 靜
(澳門(mén)大學(xué)中華醫(yī)藥研究院,中藥質(zhì)量研究國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,澳門(mén) 999078)
UPLC-Q-TOF MS定性定量分析淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物
楊宗林,趙 靜
(澳門(mén)大學(xué)中華醫(yī)藥研究院,中藥質(zhì)量研究國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室,澳門(mén) 999078)
利用超高效液相色譜-四極桿飛行時(shí)間質(zhì)譜(UPLC-Q-TOF MS)法分析淫羊藿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥材,并根據(jù)淫羊藿苷對(duì)照品的裂解規(guī)律及相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道對(duì)朝鮮淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物進(jìn)行定性定量分析。采用加壓溶劑提取系統(tǒng)提取淫羊藿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥材中的有效成分,以液相色譜-質(zhì)譜法進(jìn)行分析,通過(guò)總結(jié)對(duì)照品淫羊藿苷和朝藿定C的質(zhì)譜裂解規(guī)律,分析檢測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥材中的淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物。結(jié)果表明,從標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥材朝鮮淫羊藿中檢測(cè)出42個(gè)淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物,它們主要集中在15%~70%乙腈洗脫部分,其中有4種化合物是首次發(fā)現(xiàn)。該方法通過(guò)檢測(cè)一類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品進(jìn)而檢測(cè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥材中的目標(biāo)成分,可為淫羊藿其他藥材中淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物的研究及先導(dǎo)藥物開(kāi)發(fā)提供必要依據(jù)。
超高效液相色譜-四極桿飛行時(shí)間質(zhì)譜(UPLC-Q-TOF MS);淫羊藿;淫羊藿苷;黃酮
淫羊藿是我國(guó)常用的中藥材,現(xiàn)代實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明,淫羊藿苷是淫羊藿的主要活性成分之一,具有抗炎、抗氧化、抗凋亡和刺激血管生成等多種藥理活性[1-7]。多數(shù)情況下,化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)相似意味著化合物在生物合成上可能是同一起源,而在同種植物體內(nèi)有固定生源合成途徑,因此,淫羊藿藥材內(nèi)一定還有其他淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物。而這些淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物可能具有比淫羊藿苷更好的藥理活性,因此,全面分析淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物對(duì)指導(dǎo)淫羊藿藥材精細(xì)分離與后期藥物開(kāi)發(fā)具有重要意義。
2015版中華人民共和國(guó)藥典記載,淫羊藿藥材是小檗科植物淫羊藿(EpimediumbrevicornumMaxim)、箭葉淫羊藿(Epimediumsagittatum(Sieb.et Zucc.) Maxim)、柔毛淫羊藿(EpimediumpubescensMaxim)或朝鮮淫羊藿(EpimediumkoreanumNakai)的干燥葉。受制于淫羊藿藥材的產(chǎn)量多寡,我國(guó)法定的國(guó)家食品藥品生物制品質(zhì)量最高檢驗(yàn)和仲裁機(jī)構(gòu)——中國(guó)食品藥品生物制品檢定院,目前僅能提供朝鮮淫羊藿(EpimediumkoreanumNakai)和淫羊藿(EpimediumbrevicornumMaxim)兩種標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥材。
近年來(lái),液相色譜-質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用技術(shù)發(fā)展迅速[8-10],不僅用于淫羊藿藥材中化合物的定性分析[11-13],還用于淫羊藿不同種屬、不同產(chǎn)地藥材的全成分分析[14-17 ]。但是,集中針對(duì)淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物的研究卻不多見(jiàn)。
本研究擬采用超高效液相色譜-四極桿飛行時(shí)間質(zhì)譜法(UPLC-Q-TOF MS),以我國(guó)市場(chǎng)上的大宗主流品種——朝鮮淫羊藿為分析對(duì)象,通過(guò)加壓溶劑提取技術(shù)富集淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物,分析淫羊藿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥材中淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物的結(jié)構(gòu)信息和相對(duì)含量,希望為淫羊藿藥材中淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物的質(zhì)量控制及藥物開(kāi)發(fā)提供理論依據(jù)。
1.1 儀器與試劑
Ultimate 3000 UHPLC系統(tǒng)、加壓溶劑萃取系統(tǒng):美國(guó)Thermo Fisher公司產(chǎn)品;Impact HD Q-TOF質(zhì)譜儀:德國(guó)Bruker公司產(chǎn)品。
淫羊藿苷(批號(hào):110737-201516)、朝藿定C(批號(hào):111780-201503)、淫羊藿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥材(朝鮮淫羊藿EpimediumkoreanumNakai,批號(hào):121032-201302):均購(gòu)自中國(guó)食品藥品檢定研究院;乙腈、甲酸:均為色譜級(jí),德國(guó)Merck公司產(chǎn)品;Milli-Q超純水(電阻率為18 MΩ·cm):由美國(guó)Millipore公司的超純水儀制得;其他試劑均為分析純。
1.2 供試品溶液的制備
稱(chēng)取約0.3 g藥材粉末,按質(zhì)量比1∶1加入硅藻土,研磨混勻;用70%乙醇于加壓溶劑提取系統(tǒng)120 ℃提取10 min,然后將提取液定容至50 mL,過(guò)0.22 μm微孔濾膜,待分析。
精密稱(chēng)取1.04 mg朝藿定C和1.02 mg淫羊藿苷對(duì)照品,用甲醇配制并稀釋至濃度分別為0.34 mg/L和0.52 mg/L混合對(duì)照品溶液,待測(cè)。
1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)條件
1.3.1 色譜條件 Waters Acquity UPLC BEH-C18色譜柱(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.7 μm);柱溫25 ℃;流動(dòng)相:0.05%甲酸水溶液(A),乙腈(B);二元線性梯度洗脫:0~7.5 min(5%~20%B),7.5~30 min(5%~20%B),30~40 min(26%~30%B),40~70 min(30%~77%B),70~72 min(77%~100%B);流速0.3 mL/min;進(jìn)樣量1 μL。
1.3.2 質(zhì)譜條件 電噴霧正、負(fù)離子模式,質(zhì)量掃描范圍m/z50~1 500,干燥氣(N2)流速,10 L/min干燥氣溫度250 ℃,噴霧電壓43.5 Pa,毛細(xì)管電壓3 000 V。二級(jí)質(zhì)譜采用Auto MS/MS模式,實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)使用Data Analysis Version 4.2分析軟件處理。
2.1 對(duì)照品的裂解特征
將對(duì)照品溶液注入LC/MS儀器中,采集數(shù)據(jù)并得到二級(jí)碎片離子后,總結(jié)該類(lèi)黃酮標(biāo)準(zhǔn)物質(zhì)的裂解規(guī)律和特征碎片離子信息,結(jié)果列于表1??芍?,對(duì)照品淫羊藿苷的保留時(shí)間為31.9 min,其準(zhǔn)分子離子為m/z721.219 2 [M+HCOOH-H]-、m/z513.164 4 [M-Glu-H]-,說(shuō)明失去7位葡萄糖;m/z409.118 6 [M-Rha-120-H]-是失去3位鼠李糖后,葡萄糖部分環(huán)裂(-C4H8O4)生成的,這與文獻(xiàn)[14]報(bào)道一致;m/z367.109 5是失去7位葡萄糖和3位鼠李糖得到的母核碎片。在MS/MS模式下,打碎m/z513.164 0得到的碎片離子中,m/z366.100 6是均裂產(chǎn)生的苷元離子減氫的自由基負(fù)離子,m/z351.078 0是m/z366.101 2失去4′位CH3生成的,m/z323.083 2是m/z351.078 0失去C環(huán)4位CO得到的,此裂解規(guī)律與文獻(xiàn)[14]報(bào)道一致。樣品中保留時(shí)間為32.0 min化合物的碎片離子與對(duì)照品淫羊藿苷一致(表2),因此可確定該化合物為淫羊藿苷。
表1 負(fù)離子模式下,淫羊藿苷和朝藿定C的質(zhì)譜信息Table 1 MS data of icariin and epimedin C in negative ion mode
對(duì)照品朝藿定C的保留時(shí)間為31.2 min,其準(zhǔn)分子離子為m/z867.291 5 [M+HCOOH-H]-,m/z659.234 5 [M-Glu-H]-,說(shuō)明失去7位葡萄糖;m/z366.112 2是在m/z659.234 5基礎(chǔ)上失去3位的2個(gè)鼠李糖后得到的苷元離子減氫的自由基負(fù)離子(均裂),說(shuō)明連在一起的2個(gè)糖基容易同時(shí)掉落。樣品中保留時(shí)間為31.4 min化合物的碎片離子與對(duì)照品淫羊藿苷一致(表2),因此可確定該化合物為朝藿定C。
2.2 淫羊藿藥材樣品中的色譜峰定性分析
朝鮮淫羊藿藥材樣品的紫外檢測(cè)譜圖,負(fù)
離子模式基峰質(zhì)譜圖和42種化合物的提取離子流圖示于圖1。在負(fù)離子模式下,42種淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物的分子離子及ESI-MS/MS裂解產(chǎn)生的主要碎片離子列于表2。
根據(jù)文獻(xiàn)[14-17]報(bào)道和對(duì)照品裂解規(guī)律可知,淫羊藿苷元為m/z367.109 5,提取m/z367.109 5離子可得出,在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥材中,此類(lèi)黃酮母核化合物主要集中在15%~70%乙腈洗脫部分(即圖1方框內(nèi)部分)。根據(jù)苷元均裂和異裂結(jié)果,共檢出42種化合物,解析結(jié)果也列于表2。
圖1 朝鮮淫羊藿的UPLC紫外檢測(cè)圖譜(a)、負(fù)離子模式基峰質(zhì)譜圖(b)和基于淫羊藿苷元的MS提取離子流色譜圖(c)Fig.1 UPLC couple with UV detection profile (a), BPC (b) and EIC (c) profiles in MS negative ion mode of Epimedium koreanum Nakai
2.2.1 代表性化合物的解析 保留時(shí)間為29.9 min的化合物,在正、負(fù)離子模式下得到[M+H]+(m/z809.280 5)和[M-H]-(m/z807.263 7)離子,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為808,m/z645.213 0 [M-Hexose-H]-為脫去7位己糖,m/z366.108 9 [M-Deoxyhexose-Pentose-Hexose-H]-為脫去3位脫氧己糖和戊糖得到的碎片。這與文獻(xiàn)[17]報(bào)道的Epimedin B碎裂規(guī)律一致。
保留時(shí)間為52.3 min的化合物,在正、負(fù)離子模式下得到[M-H]+(m/z661.243 0)和[M-H]-(m/z659.232 8)離子,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為660,m/z366.112 1 [M-2Deoxyhexose-H]-為7位脫去2個(gè)脫氧己糖得到的碎片,推測(cè)該化合物為2″-O-rhamnosyl icariside Ⅱ。
保留時(shí)間為53.7 min的化合物,在正、負(fù)離子模式下得到[M-H]+(m/z515.185 6)和[M-H]-(m/z513.176 3)離子,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為514,m/z366.112 1 [M-2Deoxyhexose-H]-為7位脫去2個(gè)脫氧己糖得到的碎片,推測(cè)為Baohuoside Ⅰ。
2.2.2 新化合物的推斷 根據(jù)質(zhì)譜分析和SciFinder檢索,在朝鮮淫羊藿中發(fā)現(xiàn)4種未見(jiàn)報(bào)道的化合物,即1、2、26和28號(hào)峰,這些化合物的結(jié)構(gòu)還需后續(xù)的實(shí)驗(yàn)確認(rèn)。
以1號(hào)峰為例,其保留時(shí)間為25.6 min,在正、負(fù)離子模式下得到[M-H]+(m/z985.356 3)和[M-H]-(m/z983.337 5)離子,相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量為984,m/z1 029.342 5 [M+HCOOH-H]-、m/z675.228 7 [M-Deoxyhexose-Hexose-H]-、m/z367.117 8 [M-2Hexose-2Deoxy-hexose-H]-為m/z675.228 7脫去7位1個(gè)脫氧己糖和1個(gè)己糖得到的碎片,m/z352.095 8為繼續(xù)脫去4′位甲氧基上的甲基后得到的碎片。推測(cè)該化合物結(jié)構(gòu)為3位和7位上分別有1個(gè)脫氧己糖-己糖,搜索SciFinder未發(fā)現(xiàn)此類(lèi)化合物,說(shuō)明有可能為新化合物。其他3種新化合物的裂解規(guī)律同1號(hào)峰。
2.3 相對(duì)含量測(cè)定
以淫羊藿苷為對(duì)照品,采用外標(biāo)一點(diǎn)法計(jì)算朝鮮淫羊藿中主要的淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物含量,結(jié)果列于表3。
表3 朝鮮淫羊藿中主要的淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物含量Table 3 Contents of main icariin analogues in Epimedium koreanum Nakai
本研究采用UPLC-Q-TOF MS法分析朝鮮淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物,通過(guò)淫羊藿苷和朝藿定C的裂解規(guī)律并結(jié)合相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,檢出朝鮮淫羊藿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥材中42種淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物。通過(guò)分析淫羊藿化學(xué)成分可知,淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物成分在二級(jí)質(zhì)譜中主要為丟失連接在黃酮骨架上的基團(tuán),如糖基、甲基等,而且7位糖基比3位糖基更容易失去,這可能是7位酸性較強(qiáng)[17];黃酮類(lèi)化合物淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物在碎裂行為中均易失去C環(huán)的CO,上述特征可為淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物的鑒別提供準(zhǔn)確、快速的方法。通過(guò)對(duì)淫羊藿標(biāo)準(zhǔn)藥材中淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物的鑒定和相對(duì)含量的測(cè)定,可為發(fā)現(xiàn)淫羊藿中淫羊藿苷類(lèi)似物提供理論依據(jù)。
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Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Icariin Analogues inEpimediumkoreanumby UPLC-Q-TOF MS
YANG Zong-lin, ZHAO Jing
(StateKeyLaboratoryofQualityResearchinChineseMedicine,InstituteofChineseMedicalSciences,UniversityofMacau,Macao999078,China)
HerbEpimedii, the Chinese name is Yinyanghuo, is one of the most well-known and frequently used Chinese herbal medicine with tonic, antirheumatic and aphrodisiac effects. As the major bioactive constituents ofEpimediumplants, the flavonoids compounds showed androgenic, anti-oxidant, antidepressant, anti-osteoporosis, anti-apoptotic, stimulate angiogenesis, and anti-tumor activities. According to the relevant reports, various compounds have been identified inEpimediumspecies, and most of them were phenolic compounds including flavonoids and quinic acids. However, even though the standard crude drugEpimediumkoreanumhas a wildly application in quality control study, the quantity detection of icariin analogues ofEpimediumkoreanumis quietly rare. In this paper, qualitative and quantitative analysis of icariin analogues inEpimediumkoreanumNakai was performed by using ultra performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS) technology based on icariin fragmentation and its analogues fragment pathway. In the experiment, the active components in HerbEpimediumkoreanumwere extracted by accelerated solvent extraction system with 70% acetonitrile at 120 ℃ for 10 min, and the chromatographic separation was used Waters Acquity UPLC BEH-C18 (2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.7 μm), mobile phase was 0.05% formic acid and acetonitrile, then analyzed by Q-TOF-MS. Furthermore, by analyzing the mass spectrometric fragmentations of Icariin and Epimedin C, the fragmentation rules of this kind of compound were summed up. To our knowledge, Icariin and Epimedin C obtained from were 3-O-, 7-O- or 3,7-di-O-glycosides, which frequently contained hexose, deoxyhexose, pentose. Therefore, based on the rules summarized the structures of unknown constituents of the icariin analogues inEpimediumkoreanumcould be detected. The results showed that Q-TOF MS provides abundant and stable information of fragment ions and 42 icariin analogues were identified, which were all eluted by 15%-70% acetonitrile. Among all these compounds, there are 4 compounds were firstly reported. This study is beneficial to discover icariin analogues inEpimediumand explore the leading compounds for drug development.
ultra performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF MS);Epimediumkoreanum; Icariin; flavonoid
2016-03-04;
2016-03-27
澳門(mén)大學(xué)科學(xué)研究基金項(xiàng)目(MYRG2015-00122)資助
楊宗林(1991—),女(漢族),山西人,博士研究生,從事中藥活性成分與質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)。E-mail: yb67535@umac.mo
趙 靜(1982—),女(漢族),遼寧沈陽(yáng)人,助理教授,博士,從事中藥活性成分與質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)。E-mail: jingzhao@umac.mo
O657.63
A
1004-2997(2017)01-0019-11
10.7538/zpxb.2017.38.01.0019