孟祥潮,蔡準(zhǔn),陳國(guó)福,吳麗君,張雪鵬
(華北理工大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院,河北唐山 063000)
ADAM17-shRNA對(duì)人乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞增殖的影響及機(jī)制
孟祥潮,蔡準(zhǔn),陳國(guó)福,吳麗君,張雪鵬
(華北理工大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院,河北唐山 063000)
目的 探討解聚素-金屬蛋白酶17(ADAM17)-短發(fā)夾RNA(shRNA)對(duì)人乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞增殖的影響及其可能機(jī)制。方法 將MCF-7細(xì)胞分為無(wú)義序列組、對(duì)照組、轉(zhuǎn)染組。針對(duì)ADAM17基因設(shè)計(jì)合成4個(gè)特異性ADAM17-shRNA(ADAM17-shRNA-1219、ADAM17-shRNA-1508、ADAM17-shRNA-1134、ADAM17-shRNA-297),采用電穿孔法轉(zhuǎn)染MCF-7細(xì)胞:無(wú)義序列組轉(zhuǎn)染無(wú)義序列ADAM17-shNC,轉(zhuǎn)染組分別轉(zhuǎn)染ADAM17-shRNA序列ADAM17-shRNA-1219、ADAM17-shRNA-1508、ADAM17-shRNA-1134、ADAM17-shRNA-297。對(duì)照組加入空白PBS,分別采用利用Real-time PCR、Western blotting法、iCELLigence法及流式細(xì)胞儀檢測(cè)各組ADAM17 mRNA表達(dá)水平、ADAM17蛋白表達(dá)情況、細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線(xiàn)和增殖活性及細(xì)胞周期變化。結(jié)果 4個(gè)ADAM17-shRNA序列對(duì)MCF-7細(xì)胞的ADAM17基因表達(dá)均有抑制作用,以shRNA1219載體的抑制效率最高,與對(duì)照組和無(wú)義序列組比較差異均具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均<0.05);轉(zhuǎn)染組ADAM17 mRNA及蛋白的表達(dá)水平明顯低于無(wú)義序列組和對(duì)照組(P均<0.05);轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞增殖活性和細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)速度較無(wú)義序列組和對(duì)照組均顯著降低(P均<0.05);轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞進(jìn)入S期和G2/M期的比例降低,絕大多數(shù)細(xì)胞停留在G0/G1期,與對(duì)照組、無(wú)義序列組比較差異顯著(P均<0.05)。結(jié)論 ADAM17-shRNA可抑制人乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖活性,機(jī)制與其對(duì)ADAM17基因具有沉默作用有關(guān)。
乳腺癌;解聚素-金屬蛋白酶17;轉(zhuǎn)染;RNA干擾;增殖
解聚素-金屬蛋白酶17(ADAM17)又稱(chēng)為腫瘤壞死因子α-轉(zhuǎn)化酶(TACE),其具有解聚素和金屬蛋白酶的蛋白活性。ADAM17發(fā)揮蛋白酶剪切樣的作用,可以激活或釋放多種結(jié)構(gòu)和功能不同的生物活性分子,從而調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖、侵襲、運(yùn)動(dòng)能力等多種細(xì)胞生物學(xué)行為[1]。近年研究表明,ADAM17在多種惡性腫瘤中都有表達(dá),而在正常組織和細(xì)胞中卻很少表達(dá),從而參與腫瘤的發(fā)生、增殖、侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移的過(guò)程[2~5]。RNA干擾(RNAi)是近年來(lái)新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一項(xiàng)基因沉默技術(shù),本課題通過(guò)利用RNA干擾技術(shù)來(lái)沉默乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞ADAM17基因的表達(dá),觀(guān)察其對(duì)乳腺癌細(xì)胞增殖能力的影響,為乳腺癌的基因靶向治療提供新的研究方向。
1.1 材料 人乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞系購(gòu)置于中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院天津血液研究所;TRIzol、M-MLV逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒、PIatimum SYBR PCR試劑盒均由Invitrogen公司提供;兔抗鼠ADAM17、兔抗鼠β-actin購(gòu)置英國(guó)Abcam公司;ADAM17-shRNA(ADAM17-shRNA-1219、ADAM17-shRNA-1508、ADAM17-shRNA-1134、ADAM17-shRNA-297)和ADAM17-shNC載體購(gòu)買(mǎi)于上海吉瑪制藥技術(shù)有限公司。
1.2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及轉(zhuǎn)染 將人乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞用含有10% FBS、1%青鏈霉素混合液的DMEM培養(yǎng)基(高糖),并置于37 ℃、5% CO2飽和濕度培養(yǎng)箱中進(jìn)行細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)分為對(duì)照組、無(wú)義序列組和轉(zhuǎn)染組,每組細(xì)胞數(shù)量控制在1×106個(gè)細(xì)胞。采用電穿孔法轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞:吸取20 μL Opti-MEM I懸浮細(xì)胞;將電擊杯中添加5 μL ADAM17-shRNA載體,加入質(zhì)粒。充分混勻懸浮細(xì)胞,上機(jī)操作。設(shè)置CUY21 EDIT Ⅱ細(xì)胞電轉(zhuǎn)化儀的輸出電壓(125 V)、脈沖寬度(10 ms)和電轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間(1 min),電處理結(jié)束后,加入完全培養(yǎng)液,于細(xì)胞孵箱中常規(guī)培養(yǎng)。轉(zhuǎn)染組加入轉(zhuǎn)染劑及ADAM17-shRNA(ADAM17-shRNA-1219、ADAM17-shRNA-1508、ADAM17-shRNA-1134、ADAM17-shRNA-297),相同的方法轉(zhuǎn)染對(duì)照組和無(wú)義序列組,對(duì)照組添加與轉(zhuǎn)染試劑和ADAM17-shRNA載體總量相等的空白PBS,無(wú)義序列組添加轉(zhuǎn)染劑和無(wú)義序列ADAM17-shNC載體。轉(zhuǎn)染48 h置于熒光顯微鏡下觀(guān)察轉(zhuǎn)染效率,結(jié)果顯示轉(zhuǎn)染組轉(zhuǎn)染效率為90%以上(見(jiàn)插頁(yè)Ⅰ圖1)。證實(shí)ADAM17-shRNA轉(zhuǎn)染成功。
1.3 ADAM17-shRNA沉默ADAM17基因效果觀(guān)察 細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染后常規(guī)培養(yǎng)48 h,收集各組細(xì)胞,經(jīng)TRIzol試劑說(shuō)明書(shū)一步法提取總RNA,測(cè)定總RNA的純度和濃度符合實(shí)驗(yàn)要求后采用M-MLV試劑盒合成cDNA,PIatimum SYBR試劑盒進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增反應(yīng),根據(jù)PCR的引物序列:β-actin內(nèi)參引物序列:上游5′-GTCACCTTCACCGTTCCAGTTTT-3′,下游5′-TTCTTTCCCACATTGCGTTGATTC-3′;ADAM17引物序列:上游5′-ATCAAACCCTTTCCTGCG-3′,下游5′-CAAACCCATCCTCGTCCA-3′;48 h后采用Real-time PCR法檢測(cè)各組ADAM17 mRNA表達(dá)情況,采用相對(duì)定量法(CT法)進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,ADAM17 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量=2-ΔΔCT。篩選出沉默ADAM17基因效率(細(xì)胞抑制率)最高的shRNA用于后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。結(jié)果顯示無(wú)義序列組ADAM17 mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量為0.95±0.11,與對(duì)照組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);轉(zhuǎn)染組轉(zhuǎn)染shRNA-297、shRNA-1134、shRNA-1219、shRNA-1508后ADAM17 mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為0.74±0.25、0.61±0.06、0.51±0.18、0.53±0.37,與對(duì)照組及無(wú)義序列組比較均明顯降低,以shRNA1219的細(xì)胞抑制率最高(P均<0.05);即其ADAM17基因沉默效率最高。后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)中轉(zhuǎn)染組均轉(zhuǎn)染shRNA1219。
1.4 相關(guān)指標(biāo)觀(guān)察
1.4.1 細(xì)胞ADAM17蛋白表達(dá) 采用Western blotting法。各組細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染后分別用預(yù)冷的PBS沖洗3次,滴加150 μL細(xì)胞RIPA裂解液,4 ℃冰浴裂解20 min,使用細(xì)胞刮刮取細(xì)胞裂解碎片,收集于EP管中,4 ℃、12 000 r/min離心15 min,取上清,采用Bradford法測(cè)定總蛋白濃度,各組樣品取35 μg蛋白質(zhì)/泳道,進(jìn)行凝膠電泳,配制5%的濃縮膠和10%的分離膠,電泳90 V電壓至出現(xiàn)紅色Marker,調(diào)電壓至120 V,繼續(xù)進(jìn)行電轉(zhuǎn),冰水浴條件下,設(shè)置250 mA、90 min將凝膠中蛋白轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜;滴加100 μL一抗ADAM17(1∶1 000),一抗β-actin(1∶1 000),4 ℃過(guò)夜;TBST 10 min洗3次;加相應(yīng)二抗(1∶5 000),37 ℃孵育1.5 h;TBST洗膜10 min共洗3次。使用ECL發(fā)光劑顯色,凝膠成像系統(tǒng)掃描條帶,Image J軟件分析光密度(OD)值。
1.4.2 細(xì)胞增殖情況 采用iCELLigence系統(tǒng)行細(xì)胞增殖檢測(cè):取出E-Plate L8,每孔中加入混合均勻250 μL的三組細(xì)胞懸液,置于常溫下30 min,最后將E-Plate L8放到CO2細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)孵箱中的iCELLigence 上進(jìn)行培養(yǎng)。系統(tǒng)會(huì)每隔10 min檢測(cè)細(xì)胞的貼壁黏附情況、生長(zhǎng)和增殖過(guò)程,傳感器檢測(cè)獲得的細(xì)胞阻抗參數(shù)用細(xì)胞指數(shù)(CI)表示,采用iCelligence DA 軟件2.0進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)分析和實(shí)驗(yàn)圖像處理。
1.4.3 細(xì)胞周期 細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染后繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h,收集各組細(xì)胞,加入預(yù)冷的70%乙醇2 mL充分懸浮細(xì)胞,4 ℃固定24 h以上。細(xì)胞固定好后,重懸細(xì)胞,添加100 μg/mL碘化丙啶染液200 μL,常溫下避光染色30 min。使用300鉬濾網(wǎng)過(guò)濾細(xì)胞懸液,采用流式細(xì)胞儀細(xì)胞周期ModFit軟件處理實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。
2.1 ADAM17蛋白表達(dá) 對(duì)照組、無(wú)義序列組及轉(zhuǎn)染組ADAM17蛋白的相對(duì)表達(dá)量分別為0.615±0.021、0.612±0.023、0.478±0.028,轉(zhuǎn)染組均明顯低于無(wú)義序列組及對(duì)照組(P均<0.01),對(duì)照組與無(wú)義序列組比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)圖1。
圖1 各組ADAM17蛋白表達(dá)
2.3 細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線(xiàn)及細(xì)胞增殖活性 經(jīng)iCelligence DA 軟件1.0處理分析后得到細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)曲線(xiàn),見(jiàn)插頁(yè)Ⅰ圖2。對(duì)照組、無(wú)義序列組和轉(zhuǎn)染組的CI分別為6.22、6.19和3.12。無(wú)義序列組與對(duì)照組細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)速度和及增殖活性比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);但與無(wú)義序列組和對(duì)照組比較,轉(zhuǎn)染組細(xì)胞增殖活性明顯降低,生長(zhǎng)速度明顯減慢(P<0.05)。
2.4 細(xì)胞周期 轉(zhuǎn)染組G0/G1期細(xì)胞比例均顯著高于無(wú)義序列組與對(duì)照組,處于S期和G2/M期的細(xì)胞比例均顯著低于無(wú)義序列組與對(duì)照組(P均<0.05);無(wú)義序列組與對(duì)照組相比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05);見(jiàn)表1。
近年來(lái)乳腺癌的發(fā)病率逐年攀升,占女性惡性腫瘤死因的首位[6]。全球范圍內(nèi)每年超過(guò)100萬(wàn)婦女被診斷患有乳腺癌,占女性癌癥病例的23%[7]。
表1 各組細(xì)胞周期細(xì)胞比例±s)
注:與對(duì)照組及無(wú)義序列組比較,*P<0.05。
在我國(guó)乳腺癌發(fā)病率每年正以2%的速度增長(zhǎng)[8]。ADAM17是一種被發(fā)現(xiàn)的具有蛋白剪切酶樣作用的膜蛋白基因,通過(guò)蛋白剪切酶樣作用調(diào)節(jié)如增殖、運(yùn)動(dòng)能力等多種細(xì)胞生物學(xué)行為[9,10]。ADAM17可通過(guò)表皮生長(zhǎng)因子受體(EGFR)等多種途徑促進(jìn)腫瘤血管生成、腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖及侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移等生物學(xué)行為[11]。近年來(lái)ADAM17在乳腺癌中的作用越來(lái)越受到關(guān)注[12~14]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),ADAM17可通過(guò)EGFR-PI3K-AKT信號(hào)通路促進(jìn)乳腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖、侵襲和遷移[15];可通過(guò)激活雙調(diào)蛋白來(lái)促進(jìn)乳腺癌的發(fā)生和發(fā)展[16];乳腺癌患者淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移數(shù)目與ADAM17的高表達(dá)呈現(xiàn)出正相關(guān),ADAM17在乳腺癌中的高表達(dá)可增加乳腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖和侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移能力[17]。 采用免疫組化法檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)ADAM17在正常乳腺組織中少量表達(dá)或不表達(dá),在乳腺纖維腺瘤組織中少量表達(dá),但高于正常乳腺組織,而在浸潤(rùn)性乳腺癌組織中均呈高表達(dá)狀態(tài)[18]。此外,ADAM17表達(dá)強(qiáng)度與腋窩淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移狀況存在正相關(guān)性。原慶會(huì)等[19]發(fā)現(xiàn)在乳腺癌組織中ADAM17 mRNA及蛋白表達(dá)水平與臨床病理分期密切相關(guān),ADAM17表達(dá)越高,TNM分期越差,ADAM17蛋白表達(dá)水平與TNM分期呈正相關(guān)。上述均提示ADAM17在乳腺癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展的整個(gè)進(jìn)程中起到了極其重要的促進(jìn)作用,極有可能為乳腺癌基因靶向治療的一個(gè)新靶點(diǎn)。
RNAi技術(shù)是一種有效的特異性抑制靶基因功能的實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)[20]。其原理是促進(jìn)靶基因轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物mRNA的降解,或在某些情況下阻止靶基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄,或防止mRNA翻譯成相應(yīng)的蛋白質(zhì)[21]。彭曉兵等[22]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)染ADAM17-shRNA的骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞對(duì)人乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞的增殖能力有顯著的抑制作用。鐘玫等[23]利用shRNA沉默促進(jìn)肝細(xì)胞再生磷酸酶3基因的表達(dá),發(fā)現(xiàn)可抑制MCF-7細(xì)胞增殖并促進(jìn)其凋亡。本課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),ADAM17-shRNA在缺氧條件下可沉默人乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞ADAM17基因表達(dá),從而導(dǎo)致MCF-7細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)速度減慢,細(xì)胞增殖能力降低,細(xì)胞周期延緩[24]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,電穿孔法轉(zhuǎn)染MCF-7細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)染效率90%以上,四種ADAM17-shRNA序列對(duì)MCF-7細(xì)胞ADAM17 mRNA表達(dá)均有抑制作用,以shRNA1219沉默效率最高。轉(zhuǎn)染組ADAM17蛋白表達(dá)水平明顯低于無(wú)義序列組和對(duì)照組,MCF-7細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)速度、增殖活性及進(jìn)入S和G2/M期的細(xì)胞比例明顯低于對(duì)照組及無(wú)義序列組;絕大多數(shù)細(xì)胞停留在G0/G1期,與對(duì)照組、無(wú)義序列組比較差異顯著。說(shuō)明特異性ADAM17-shRNA表達(dá)載體能有效沉默ADAM17 mRNA和蛋白表達(dá),抑制MCF-7細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng),延緩細(xì)胞周期進(jìn)展,導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞增殖能力明顯下降。
綜上所述,ADAM17對(duì)人乳腺癌MCF-7細(xì)胞增殖中具有促進(jìn)作用,ADAM17可作為乳腺癌基因治療的靶點(diǎn);RNAi技術(shù)可實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)MCF-7細(xì)胞增殖的干預(yù)。今后的研究將針對(duì)ADAM17的ADAM17-shRNA在動(dòng)物體內(nèi)抑制乳腺癌細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)情況開(kāi)展。
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Effects of ADAM17-shRNA on proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells
MENGXiangchao,CAIZhun,CHENGuofu,WULijun,ZHANGXuepeng
(AffiliatedHospitalofNorthChinaUniversityofScienceandTechnology,Tangshan063000,China)
Objective To investigate the effect of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17)-shRNA on the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods MCF-7 cells were divided into the nonsense group, control group (PBS) and transfection group. Four specific ADAM17-shRNAs (ADAM17-shRNA-1219, ADAM17-shRNA-1508, ADAM17-shRNA-1134 and ADAM17-shRNA-297) were designed and synthesized for ADAM17 gene. MCF-7 cells were transfected by electroporation. The nonsense group was transfected by ADAM17-shNC, the control group was added with PBS, and the transfection group was transfected by ADAM17-shRNA-1219, ADAM17-shRNA-1508, ADAM17-shRNA-1134 and ADAM17-shRNA-297, respectively. The expression of ADAM17 mRNA, the expression of ADAM17 protein, cell growth curve, proliferation activity and cell cycle of MCF-7 cells was respectively detected by real-time PCR, Western blotting, iCELLigence and flow cytometry. Results Four ADAM17-shRNA sequences inhibited the expression of ADAM17 gene, the shRNA1219 vector had the highest inhibitory efficiency, and compared with the nonsense group and control group, there was significant difference (allP<0.05). The expression level of ADAM17 mRNA and protein in the transfection group was significantly lower than that in the nonsense group and control group (allP<0.05). The cell proliferation activity and cell growth rate of the transfection group were significantly lower than those of the nonsense group and the control group (allP<0.05). The percentage of cells in S phase and G2/M phase decreased in the transfection group, and most of the cells stayed in G0/G1phase, which were significantly different from those in the control group and nonsense group (allP<0.05). Conclusion ADAM17-shRNA can inhibit the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and the mechanism is related to its silencing effect on ADAM17 gene.
breast carcinoma; a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17; transfection; RNA interference; proliferation
河北省自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(C2010001767);唐山市科學(xué)技術(shù)研究與發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目[唐科計(jì)(2014)16號(hào)]。
孟祥潮(1989-),男,碩士,研究方向?yàn)槿橄侔┗A(chǔ)與臨床。E-mail: 13191777313@163.com
張雪鵬(1974-),男,博士后,教授,主任醫(yī)師,研究方向?yàn)槿橄侔┗A(chǔ)與臨床。E-mail: syzxp@sina.com
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2017.04.004
R737.9
A
1002-266X(2017)04-0021-04
2016-06-08)