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快速糞便鈣衛(wèi)蛋白檢測(cè)卡在潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者病情評(píng)估中的作用

2017-06-05 15:01王孟春
關(guān)鍵詞:腸病炎癥性糞便

肖 琳, 王孟春

中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,遼寧 沈陽(yáng) 110004

快速糞便鈣衛(wèi)蛋白檢測(cè)卡在潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎患者病情評(píng)估中的作用

肖 琳, 王孟春

中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科,遼寧 沈陽(yáng) 110004

目的 探討快速糞便鈣衛(wèi)蛋白(fecal calprotectin, FC)檢測(cè)卡在評(píng)價(jià)活動(dòng)期潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)患者病情中的作用。方法 采集46例住院患者糞便標(biāo)本,應(yīng)用快速FC檢測(cè)卡進(jìn)行檢測(cè),同時(shí)對(duì)患者病情進(jìn)行改良的Baron內(nèi)鏡下UC活動(dòng)度分級(jí)、改良的Truelove和Witts分級(jí)、改良Mayo活動(dòng)指數(shù)及蒙特利爾分級(jí)4個(gè)量表進(jìn)行評(píng)分,根據(jù)患者檢測(cè)卡結(jié)果及病情評(píng)分分布情況,將患者按量表分為輕、中-重度兩組,分別與檢測(cè)卡結(jié)果列出四格表進(jìn)行χ2檢驗(yàn)。結(jié)果 4種量表評(píng)定的輕、中-重度與FC檢測(cè)卡所得結(jié)果的陰性、陽(yáng)性分布相比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 應(yīng)用臨界值為50 μg/g的快速FC檢測(cè)卡可以評(píng)估UC患者病情處于輕度水平或中度以上水平。

糞便鈣衛(wèi)蛋白;潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎

鈣衛(wèi)蛋白是一種鈣鋅結(jié)合蛋白,占中性粒細(xì)胞胞漿蛋白的60%,其主要功能為抗菌、抑制金屬蛋白酶和誘導(dǎo)凋亡。糞便中鈣衛(wèi)蛋白升高提示中性粒細(xì)胞及其他分泌鈣衛(wèi)蛋白的炎性細(xì)胞從炎癥黏膜滲出到腸腔的數(shù)量增多,從而被認(rèn)為是一種腸道炎癥標(biāo)記物。多項(xiàng)研究[1-3]表明,糞便鈣衛(wèi)蛋白(fecal calprotection, FC)能夠較準(zhǔn)確地鑒別炎癥性腸病和腸易激綜合征,并能評(píng)估炎癥性腸病的活動(dòng)度。FC對(duì)炎癥性腸病的診斷、病情評(píng)估的準(zhǔn)確性高于傳統(tǒng)化驗(yàn)指標(biāo)(如CRP和血沉),且與腸鏡結(jié)果的相關(guān)性強(qiáng),具有無(wú)創(chuàng)、特異性高的優(yōu)勢(shì)[4-6]。實(shí)驗(yàn)中研究者多采用酶聯(lián)免疫分析(ELISA)法測(cè)定FC含量,但這種方法需要配套的實(shí)驗(yàn)器材和較長(zhǎng)的檢測(cè)時(shí)間,為了適應(yīng)臨床工作,摸索更快捷的方法,半定量快速FC檢測(cè)逐漸被重視,后者的檢驗(yàn)準(zhǔn)確度已被證實(shí)[4,7-8]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)用快速FC檢測(cè)卡對(duì)住院的潰瘍性結(jié)腸炎(ulcerative colitis, UC)患者進(jìn)行病情評(píng)估,進(jìn)而對(duì)這種檢驗(yàn)方式的效能進(jìn)行初步評(píng)價(jià)。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料選取2014年8月-2015年9月在中國(guó)醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬盛京醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科住院的UC患者46例,男25例,女21例,年齡16~68歲,平均年齡(46.4±14.6)歲,患者均符合我國(guó)2012年炎癥性腸病廣州共識(shí)意見(jiàn)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[9]。

1.2 研究試劑FC檢測(cè)試劑購(gòu)自CerTest公司,根據(jù)說(shuō)明書(shū)其陽(yáng)性與陰性的臨界值為50 μg/g,分別顯示綠紅兩條線和綠色一條線,按照說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行糞便標(biāo)本的采集、制備稀釋液、檢測(cè)等步驟,每份樣本進(jìn)行兩次檢測(cè)以避免操作誤差,若兩次結(jié)果不一致將追加1次檢測(cè),以?xún)纱?或以上)得到的結(jié)果為最終檢測(cè)結(jié)果。

1.3 研究方法所有患者在進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)治療前2周內(nèi)完善腸鏡檢查結(jié)果,留取糞便標(biāo)本進(jìn)行FC檢測(cè),同時(shí)記錄患者的癥狀和內(nèi)鏡表現(xiàn)。根據(jù)其臨床表現(xiàn)及有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的內(nèi)鏡醫(yī)師觀察進(jìn)行以下4項(xiàng)UC評(píng)分。

1.3.1 改進(jìn)的Baron內(nèi)鏡下UC活動(dòng)度分級(jí)[10]:0級(jí):黏膜正常;Ⅰ級(jí):黏膜充血、血管模糊;Ⅱ級(jí):黏膜有接觸性出血;Ⅲ級(jí):黏膜有自發(fā)性出血;Ⅳ級(jí):黏膜可見(jiàn)大小不等的潰瘍。

1.3.2 改良的Truelove和Witts疾病嚴(yán)重程度分型[11]:具體內(nèi)容如表1所示。

表1 改良的Truelove和Witts疾病嚴(yán)重程度分型

Tab 1 Improved Truelove and Witts severity indexes

注:中度為介于輕、重度之間;緩解期為無(wú)癥狀。

1.3.3 改良Mayo分級(jí)[12]:具體內(nèi)容如表2所示。

1.3.4 蒙特利爾分級(jí)[13]:E1:直腸;E2:左半結(jié)腸(脾曲以遠(yuǎn));E3:廣泛結(jié)腸(累及脾曲乃至全結(jié)腸)。

表2 改良Mayo活動(dòng)指數(shù)分級(jí)

Tab 2 Improved Mayo clinic and diease activity indexes

注:評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn):總分<2分,且無(wú)單項(xiàng)>1分為緩解期;3~5分輕度;6~10分中度;11~12分重度。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析采用SPSS 23.0軟件處理數(shù)據(jù),量表分級(jí)及FC結(jié)果采用配對(duì)χ2檢驗(yàn);同時(shí)對(duì)計(jì)數(shù)資料進(jìn)行Kappa檢驗(yàn),Kappa值<0.75時(shí)為一致性較差,通過(guò)兩者來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)FC在50 μg/g的臨界點(diǎn)時(shí)對(duì)應(yīng)病情輕重程度的分布情況,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

對(duì)納入研究的46例UC患者分別進(jìn)行FC測(cè)定及4種病情量表評(píng)分(見(jiàn)表3),將被判定為輕度(包括改良的Mayo分級(jí)及Truelove & Witts分級(jí)輕度、蒙特利爾分級(jí)E1級(jí)及改良的Baron內(nèi)鏡下UC活動(dòng)度分級(jí)Ⅱ級(jí))和中-重度(包括改良的Mayo分級(jí)及Truelove & Witts分級(jí)中-重度、蒙特利爾分級(jí)E2&E3級(jí)及改良的Baron內(nèi)鏡下UC活動(dòng)度分級(jí)Ⅲ&Ⅳ級(jí))的患者分別列入兩個(gè)組,結(jié)合FC檢測(cè)結(jié)果,分別對(duì)4種分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中兩組的FC值進(jìn)行配對(duì),得出所有表格P>0.05,即FC快速檢測(cè)卡檢測(cè)結(jié)果陰性與陽(yáng)性的分布與4種分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中輕、中-重度分布差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,Kappa值均<0.75,與病情分級(jí)的一致性較差(見(jiàn)表4)。

3 討論

FC含量升高常提示腸道感染,除了炎癥性腸病外,其他中性粒細(xì)胞升高的胃腸道炎癥也會(huì)使其升高,所以IBD的診斷還需要結(jié)合其他輔助檢查結(jié)果。研究者多年來(lái)應(yīng)用單克隆或多克隆酶聯(lián)免疫方法檢測(cè)FC,而近年來(lái)快速半定量和定量檢測(cè)方法的準(zhǔn)確性也得到了肯定。Damms等[14]分別用兩種方法測(cè)量FC在炎癥性腸病、結(jié)腸癌、腸道炎癥、腸道腺瘤中的值,并比較ELISA法和快速測(cè)量法的敏感性、特異性及準(zhǔn)確性,得出兩種方法均為有效的檢測(cè)方法。Otten等[15]分別應(yīng)用ELISA法和FC快速測(cè)量法對(duì)炎癥性腸病患者和正常對(duì)照組進(jìn)行測(cè)定,證實(shí)兩種方法具有診斷的一致性。Kolho等[7]采集56例克羅恩病兒童的134份糞便樣本,進(jìn)行FC的ELISA檢測(cè)和快速測(cè)定法的比較,得出兩者具有良好的一致性。

表3 患者病情量表評(píng)分及FC結(jié)果

Tab 3 Results of patients’ severity gradation and FC value

檢測(cè)及評(píng)分方法結(jié)果及分級(jí)例數(shù)FC檢測(cè)結(jié)果陰性14陽(yáng)性32改良的Mayo分級(jí)輕14中28重4Truelove&Witts分級(jí)輕16中19重11蒙特利爾分級(jí)E18E215E323改進(jìn)的Baron內(nèi)鏡下Ⅰ0UC活動(dòng)度分級(jí)Ⅱ18Ⅲ16Ⅳ12

表4 四種評(píng)分量表分級(jí)與FC結(jié)果分布表

Tab 4 Distribution of 4 evaluation scale gradations and FC value

分級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)FC陽(yáng)性FC陰性Kappa值P值改良的Mayo分級(jí) 中-重度2570.2811.0 輕度77改良的Truelove&Witts分級(jí) 中-重度2550.4080.77 輕度79蒙特利爾分級(jí) E2&E32990.2990.146 E135改良的Baron內(nèi)鏡下UC活動(dòng)度分級(jí) Ⅲ&Ⅳ級(jí)2170.1450.481 Ⅱ級(jí)117

T?n等[16]通過(guò)試驗(yàn)觀察得到正常的人體FC含量應(yīng)<50 μg/g。Tibble等[1]將鈣衛(wèi)蛋白的臨界值定為50 μg/g得出其對(duì)于器質(zhì)性腸道疾病的鑒別敏感性為89%,特異性為79%。而2007年的一篇薈萃分析得出將臨界值定為100 μg/g可以更精確地鑒別出炎癥性腸病[17]。D’Haens等[2]的研究得出FC將250 μg/g設(shè)定為臨界值評(píng)估UC內(nèi)鏡下活動(dòng)性具有71%的敏感性和100%的特異度。綜上,在UC中FC的半定量檢測(cè)如何科學(xué)的尋找界定點(diǎn)來(lái)評(píng)估病情還需進(jìn)一步研究。

[1]Tibble JA, Sigthorsson G, Foster R, et al. Use of surrogate markers of inflammation and Rome criteria to distinguish organic from nonorganic intestinal disease [J]. Gastroenterology, 2002, 123(2): 450-460.

[2]D’Haens G, Ferrante M, Vermeire S, et al. Fecal calprotectin is a surrogate marker for endoscopic lesions in inflammatory bowel disease [J]. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2012, 18(12): 2218-2224.

[3]Schoepfer AM, Beglinger C, Straumann A, et al. Ulcerative colitis: correlation of the Rachmilewitz endoscopic activity index with fecal calprotectin, clinical activity, creactive protein, and blood leukocytes [J]. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2009, 15(12): 1851-1858.

[4]Wapisz L, Mosli M, Chande N, et al. Rapid fecal calprotectin testing to assess for endoscopic disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease: A diagnostic cohort study [J]. Saudi J Gastroenterol, 2015, 21(6): 360-366.

[5]Mosli MH, Zou G, Garg SK, et al. C-reactive protein, fecal calprotectin, and stool lactoferrin for detection of endoscopic activity in symptomatic inflammatory bowel disease patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2015, 110(6): 802-819.

[6]Schoepfer AM, Beglinger C, Straumann A,et al. Fecal calprotectin more accurately reflects endoscopic activity of ulcerative colitis than the Lichtiger index, C-reactive protein, platelets, hemoglobin,and blood leukocytes [J]. Inflamm Bowel Dis, 2013, 19(2): 332-341.

[7]Kolho KL, Turner D, Veereman-Wauters G, et al. Rapid test for fecal calprotectin levels in children with Crohn’s disease [J]. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2012, 55(4): 436-439.

[8]Hessels J, Douw G, Yildirim DD, et al. Evaluation of Prevent ID and Quantum Blue rapid tests for fecal calprotectin [J]. Clin Chem Lab Med, 2012, 50(6): 1079-1082.

[9]中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)消化病學(xué)分會(huì)炎癥性腸病學(xué)組. 炎癥性腸病診斷與治療的共識(shí)意見(jiàn)(2012年·廣州) [J]. 中華內(nèi)科雜志, 2012, 51(10): 818-831. Cooperative Group of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases of Digestive Disease of Chinese Medical Association. Consensus on Diagnosis and Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Guangzhou 2012) [J]. Chin J Intern Med, 2012, 51(10): 818-831.

[10]Baron JH, Connell AM, Lennard JE. Variation between observers in describing mucosoll appearances in proctocolitis [J]. Br Med J, 1964, 1(5375): 89-92.

[11]Truelove SC, Witts LJ. Cortisone in ulcerative colitis: final report on a therapeutic trial [J]. Br Med J, 1955, 2(4947): 1041-1048.

[12]D’Haens G, Sandborn WJ, Feagan BG, et al. A review of activity indices and efficacy end points for clinical trials of medical therapy in adults with ulcerative colitis [J]. Gastroenterology, 2007, 132(2): 763-786.

[13]Satsangi J, Silverberg MS, Vermeire S, et al. The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications [J]. Gut, 2006, 55(6): 749-753.

[14]Damms A, Bischoff SC. Validation and clinical significance of a new calprotectin rapid test for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal diseases [J]. Int J Colorectal Dis, 2008, 23(10): 985-992.

[15]Otten CM, Kok L, Witteman BJ, et al. Diagnostic performance of rapid tests for detection of fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin and their ability to discriminate inflammatory from irritable bowel syndrome [J]. Clin Chem Lab Med, 2008, 46(9): 1275-1280.

[16]T?n H, Brandsnes, Dale S, et al. Improved assay for fecal calprotectin [J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2000, 292(1-2): 41-54.

[17]von Roon AC, Karamountzos L, Purkayastha S, et al. Diagnostic precision of fecal calprotectin for inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal malignancy [J]. Am J Gastroenterol, 2007, 102(4): 803-813.

(責(zé)任編輯:馬 軍)

The effect of rapid fecal calprotectin test card in evaluation of patients with ulcerative colitis

XIAO Lin, WANG Mengchun

Department of Gastroenterology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China

Objective To investigate the effect of rapid fecal calprotectin (FC) test card in evaluation of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods The fecal samples of 46 UC patients with clear diagnosis were collected. The rapid FC test card was used to get the calprotectin result, and the clinical presentation and endoscopy manifestation in the meantime were analyzed to gain the scores of 4 UC condition scales (included improved Baron endoscopic scale of UC activity, improved Truelove & Witts scale, improved Mayo scale and Montreal classification). After observing the distribution of patient numbers in the 4 scales and FC results, patients were classified into mild group and moderate-severe group according to the four types of classification standard. Each group of one classification method listed the FC result, and finally we got four four-fold tables. Statistical results were calculated through Chi-square test. Results There were no statistical differences between the distribution of FC negative samples and every mild group in all the 4 classification scales (P>0.05). Conclusion Rapid FC test card (critical value 50 μg/g) can evaluate the UC patient activity degree in whether mild level or above.

Fecal calprotectin; Ulcerative colitis

10.3969/j.issn.1006-5709.2017.01.015

肖琳,碩士,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向:胃腸動(dòng)力障礙與心理因素的關(guān)系。E-mail: xiaolin.elf@163.com

王孟春,博士,主任醫(yī)師,研究方向:消化系統(tǒng)疾病對(duì)腸黏膜屏障功能的影響。E-mail: wangmc@sj-hospital.org

R574.62

A

1006-5709(2017)01-0056-03

2016-06-19

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