陳涵枝,王涼,孫鑄興,張志堅(jiān)
(南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬無錫市人民醫(yī)院 腎內(nèi)科,江蘇 無錫 214023)
·論 著·
高通量血液透析對(duì)終末期腎衰患者FGF23、動(dòng)脈硬化及心功能的影響
陳涵枝,王涼,孫鑄興,張志堅(jiān)
(南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬無錫市人民醫(yī)院 腎內(nèi)科,江蘇 無錫 214023)
目的:觀察高通量血液透析(HFHD)對(duì)終末期腎衰(ESRD)患者成纖維細(xì)胞生長因子23(FGF23)水平及鈣磷代謝紊亂、動(dòng)脈硬化和心臟功能的影響,進(jìn)一步明確HFHD在減少ESRD并發(fā)癥上的優(yōu)勢(shì)。方法:回顧性分析在我院透析治療的ESRD患者的臨床資料,根據(jù)透析方式分為高通量組(20例)和低通量組(20例),記錄兩組患者透析前及規(guī)律透析2、4、6個(gè)月后FGF23水平、血清學(xué)指標(biāo)的變化和透析前、規(guī)律透析6個(gè)月后頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜中層厚度(cIMT)、左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF),分析影響ESRD患者FGF23水平的相關(guān)因素及不同透析方式對(duì)ESRD患者血清學(xué)指標(biāo)、動(dòng)脈硬化、心臟功能等的影響。結(jié)果:透析前兩組性別、年齡、基礎(chǔ)疾病、營養(yǎng)狀況和藥物使用以及治療前血紅蛋白(Hb)、白蛋白(ALB)、估算腎小球?yàn)V過率(eGFR)、血清Ca2+、P3-、甲狀旁腺激素(PTH)、FGF-23水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。高通量組血清P3-在治療2、4、6個(gè)月時(shí)顯著低于低通量組,LDLC在治療4、6個(gè)月時(shí)與低通量組相比顯著下降,Hb、HDLC在治療6個(gè)月時(shí)較低通量組顯著升高,而TG、PTH、FGF23在治療6個(gè)月時(shí)較低通量組顯著降低。兩組透析6個(gè)月后的LVEF較透析前均有上升,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,兩組間比較差異也無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。高通量組透析6個(gè)月后的cIMT較低通量組顯著下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療6個(gè)月后,F(xiàn)GF23與透析時(shí)間、Hb、血Ca2+呈負(fù)相關(guān),與TG、血磷、PTH、cIMT呈正相關(guān),與是否為HFHD呈負(fù)相關(guān),與白蛋白、HDLC、LDLC、LVEF、KT/V、URR無顯著相關(guān)。結(jié)論:對(duì)ESRD患者,HFHD可以更好地清除FGF23、糾正貧血和鈣磷代謝紊亂、改善心臟功能。
高通量血液透析;低通量血液透析;成纖維細(xì)胞生長因子23;動(dòng)脈硬化;
終末期腎衰透析患者常合并不同程度的鈣磷代謝紊亂、心臟瓣膜和血管鈣化,是心腦血管意外高發(fā)人群。其中,高磷血癥促進(jìn)血管鈣化、左心室肥厚,且與透析患者的病死率增加相關(guān)[1]。成纖維生長因子23(fibroblast growth factor 23,F(xiàn)GF23)能增加尿磷排泄,減少飲食中磷的吸收。有研究[2]顯示,在血磷升高前FGF23水平已升高,而慢性腎臟病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患者的高FGF23水平與心血管疾病(cardiac vascular disease,CVD)及高死亡風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相關(guān)。高通量血液透析(high-flux hemodialysis,HFHD)通過吸附、對(duì)流及彌散方式清除物質(zhì),增加對(duì)中、大分子物質(zhì)清除能力。本研究比較了HFHD與低通量血液透析(low-flux hemodialysis,LFHD)對(duì)ESRD患者FGF23、血紅蛋白(Hb)、血脂等水平、透析充分性、動(dòng)脈硬化、心臟功能的影響,以探討HFHD對(duì)FGF23及ESRD患者心血管并發(fā)癥的影響。
1.1 一般資料
入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):回顧性分析2012年1月至2013年12月在我院血液凈化中心透析治療患者的病例資料,選擇觀察期間無急性心腦血管事件、嚴(yán)重感染、惡性腫瘤等的患者共40例。根據(jù)透析方式分為高通量組20例,平均年齡為49.4歲;低通量組20例,平均年齡為56.97歲。原發(fā)病為慢性腎小球腎炎25例、糖尿病腎病6例、高血壓腎病4例、其余5例。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 透析方法 兩組患者均使用Fresenius碳酸氫鹽干粉進(jìn)行血液透析,普通肝素或低分子肝素抗凝,每周3次規(guī)律血液透析。治療過程中常規(guī)使用促紅細(xì)胞生成素、降壓藥、鈣劑、活性維生素D等,且不使用任何降脂藥物。高通量組透析器:Fresenius Fx 60,超濾系數(shù)46ml·mmHg-1·h-1,低通量組透析器:Fresenius F7,超濾系數(shù)16ml·mmHg-1·h-1。
1.2.2 標(biāo)本采集與處理 兩組分別于治療前及治療2、4、6個(gè)月時(shí)檢測(cè)透析前的血紅蛋白(hemoglobin,Hb)、白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、血清肌酐(serum creatinine,Scr)、血清尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen,BUN)、甘油三酯(triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、鈣(calcium,Ca2+)、磷(phosphorus,P3-)、甲狀旁腺激素(parathyroid hormone,PTH)、FGF23等指標(biāo),并于透析治療2、4、6個(gè)月檢測(cè)Scr、BUN,計(jì)算尿素清除指數(shù)(KT/V)、尿素下降率(URR)以評(píng)估透析充分性,并于治療前和治療6個(gè)月時(shí)行頸動(dòng)脈血管彩超檢查及心臟超聲檢查,以頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜中層厚度(carotid intimal medial thickne,cIMT)評(píng)估動(dòng)脈硬化情況,以左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)評(píng)估心臟功能。采集的血液標(biāo)本留取2ml 行FGF23檢測(cè),其余指標(biāo)由我院檢驗(yàn)科統(tǒng)一檢測(cè)。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
2.1 一般資料及生化指標(biāo)比較
見表1。
兩組性別、年齡、藥物使用及治療前的Hb、ALB、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、eGFR、LVEF、cIMT、血Ca2+、血P3-、PTH、FGF23水平差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
項(xiàng) 目高通量透析組低通量透析組t值P值(男∶女)/例13∶713∶7--年齡/歲 49.40±14.62 56.97±13.02-1.6680.104Hb/g·L-1 78.40±17.42 79.10±11.43-0.150.881ALB/g·L-1 29.91±4.58 31.84±5.37-1.2230.229TG/mmol·L-1 2.46±1.25 2.44±0.950.100.921HDLC/mmol·L-1 0.92±0.15 0.98±0.14-1.3700.179LDLC/mmol·L-1 3.57±0.65 3.41±0.880.6480.521LVEF/% 57.10±5.48 56.35±3.920.4980.621cIMT/mm 1.01±0.13 1.02±1.32-0.1220.904eGFR/ml·(min-1·1.73m-2) 5.39±2.13 5.42±1.75-0.0410.968Ca2+/mmol·L-1 1.89±0.32 1.90±0.42-0.0840.933P3-/mmol·L-1 2.15±0.42 2.21±0.46-0.4330.668PTH/pg·L-1 482.63±222.61 511.33±222.91-0.4070.686FGF23/pg·ml-1 355.31±138.98 373.57±133.07-0.4250.674
2.2 FGF23與透析分組、透析時(shí)間的相關(guān)分析
FGF23與透析時(shí)間、Hb、血Ca2+呈負(fù)相關(guān),與TG、血P3-、PTH、cIMT呈正相關(guān),與是否為高通量透析呈負(fù)相關(guān) (P<0.05),與ALB、HDL-C、LDL-C、LVEF、KT/V、URR無相關(guān)性 (P>0.05)。見表2、3。
表2 FGF23與透析分組、透析時(shí)間的相關(guān)性
Tab 2 Correlation factor analysis between FGF23 and groups,dialysis time
變 量FGF23Spearman相關(guān)系數(shù)顯著性(雙側(cè))透析分組-0.2250.004a透析時(shí)間-0.2640.001a
a在0.05水平(雙側(cè))上存在顯著相關(guān)
表3 FGF23與Hb、ALB、TG等指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性Tab 3 Correlation factor analysis between FGF23 and Hb,ALB,TG,etc
變 量FGF23Pearson相關(guān)性顯著性(雙側(cè)) Hb-0.1680.034a ALB0.1490.061 TG0.2580.001a HDLC-0.1280.107 LDLC0.0890.218 LVEF0.0010.992 KT/V0.090.331 URR0.890.335 血P3-0.4940.000a 血Ca2+-0.3240.000a PTH0.560.000a cIMT0.2640.018
a在0.05水平(雙側(cè))上存在顯著相關(guān)
2.3 兩組各指標(biāo)的變化
兩組中Hb、ALB、血Ca2+在透析2、4、6個(gè)月后均較透析前明顯升高,而血P3-、PTH、FGF23在透析2個(gè)月后降低明顯,高通量組中LDLC、TG分別在透析4、6個(gè)月時(shí)較透析前明顯降低(P<0.05)。見表4。
2.4 兩組之間相關(guān)指標(biāo)的比較
應(yīng)用t檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行兩組間比較,結(jié)果顯示高通量組血P3-在治療2、4、6個(gè)月時(shí)顯著低于低通量組(P<0.05),LDLC在治療4、6個(gè)月時(shí)顯著低于低通量組(P<0.05),血紅蛋白、HDLC在治療6個(gè)月時(shí)明顯高于低通量組(P<0.05),而TG、PTH、FGF23在治療6個(gè)月時(shí)明顯低于低通量組 (P<0.05),兩組透析2、4、6個(gè)月時(shí)KT/V及URR差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表4。
2.5 兩組LVEF的變化
兩組患者透析前和透析6個(gè)月時(shí)行心臟超聲檢查,結(jié)果顯示,兩組透析6個(gè)月后的LVEF均值較透析前均有上升,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,且組間比較差異也無顯著性(P>0.05)。見表4。
2.6 兩組cIMT的變化
兩組患者透析透析前和6個(gè)月時(shí)行cIMT檢查,高通量組透析6個(gè)月后的cIMT均值較透析前有下降(P<0.05),低通量組透析6個(gè)月后的cIMT均值較透析前亦有下降,但無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,且兩組間透析6個(gè)月后的cIMT比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表4。
指 標(biāo) 高通量組低通量組透析前2個(gè)月4個(gè)月6個(gè)月透析前2個(gè)月4個(gè)月6個(gè)月LVEF/%57.10±5.48----58.90±5.1456.35±3.92----57.10±3.43cIMT/mm1.01±0.13----0.79±0.09a1.02±0.13----0.93±0.17bKT/V--1.37±0.201.38±0.191.38±0.17--1.37±0.181.35±0.151.34±0.13URR/%--70.69±7.6370.92±7.8870.85±8.58--71.69±5.4071.28±6.6671.28±6.94Hb/g·L-178.40±17.4295.70±12.40a100.12±17.68108.20±15.7779.10±11.4388.75±10.10a96.45±10.9297.95±10.13bALB/g·L-129.91±4.5834.41±5.53a34.97±4.8137.00±4.0731.84±5.3736.39±4.31a36.69±4.9138.4±3.88TG/mmol·L-12.46±1.252.21±0.681.88±0.711.80±0.54a2.44±0.951.96±0.802.11±0.672.11±0.46bHDL/mmol·L-10.92±0.151.00±0.181.05±0.171.11±0.180.98±0.140.97±0.150.96±0.130.99±0.11bLDL/mmol·L-13.57±0.653.66±0.963.01±0.53a2.74±0.733.41±0.883.60±0.893.52±0.72b3.33±0.63bP3-/mmol·L-12.15±0.421.87±0.31a1.78±0.421.61±0.442.21±0.462.09±0.31ab2.01±0.22b1.88±0.30bCa2+/mmol·L-11.89±0.322.11±0.20a2.10±0.242.20±0.281.90±0.422.13±0.20a2.07±0.212.22±0.21PTH/pg·ml-1482.63±222.61264.47±95.43a252.60±110.20243.341±34.08511.32±222.81309.34±139.08a313.54±96.31323.10±89.01bFGF23/pg·ml-1355.31±138.98270.19±98.86a252.58±111.69241.62±88.24373.57±133.07323.32±105.22a313.64±95.88313.46±82.55b
組內(nèi)與透析前比較,aP<0.05;與高通量組比較,bP<0.05
血液透析和腹膜透析是ESRD患者維持生命的主要治療措施,但透析患者的死亡率仍較高,考慮主要與CVD、貧血、營養(yǎng)不良等相關(guān)[3]。近年來多項(xiàng)研究證實(shí),鈣磷紊亂、FGF23的異常升高、血管鈣化與CVD的發(fā)生密切相關(guān),并增加透析患者的病死率[4-5]。FGF23、血磷、1,25(OH)2VitD 及PTH 之間組成的反饋調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng)是公認(rèn)的尿毒癥患者發(fā)生血管鈣化的重要危險(xiǎn)因素之一[6]。
本研究兩種透析方式的KT/V、URR比較結(jié)果顯示,兩組的肌酐等小分子物質(zhì)的清除差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,但是HFHD在糾正貧血及降低血磷、PTH、FGF23方面存在優(yōu)勢(shì),這與我們之前的研究[7]結(jié)果一致。
脂質(zhì)代謝紊亂是透析患者動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的危險(xiǎn)因素,直接影響尿毒癥患者的生存質(zhì)量及死亡率[8]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,透析前兩組TG及LDLC顯著升高,而HDLC顯著降低;透析后,高通量組LDLC、TG逐步降低并在透析4、6個(gè)月時(shí)與低通量組比較有顯著性差異,而HDLC在透析6個(gè)月時(shí)較低通量組顯著升高,同時(shí),高通量組透析6個(gè)月后的cIMT均值下降明顯低于低通量組(P<0.05),提示HFHD糾正脂質(zhì)代謝異常的作用顯著,可以減少動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的危險(xiǎn)因素及透析患者各種并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。
CKD患者的CVD主要表現(xiàn)為左心室肥厚和動(dòng)脈血管硬化,其可導(dǎo)致慢性心力衰竭、缺血性心臟病、動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化、腦血管病變和外周血管病變等[9-10]。FGF23異常升高與血管鈣化、血管內(nèi)皮損傷、LVEF下降及左心室肥厚等密切相關(guān)[11]。本研究中兩組患者LVEF在透析6個(gè)月后較透析前稍有升高,但差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,兩組間比較差異亦無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,考慮與隨訪時(shí)間短有關(guān),需進(jìn)行更長期的隨訪觀察。但是本研究證實(shí),對(duì)脂質(zhì)代謝異常者,高通量組較低通量組獲益更明顯,可有效減少CVD獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,從而減少CVD的發(fā)生。
當(dāng)然,我們的研究還存在不足之處:(1)所選透析病例為初入透析的患者,往往患者的多項(xiàng)臨床指標(biāo)不穩(wěn)定,并存在較多的藥物治療,對(duì)觀察指標(biāo)有較多干擾;(2)由于研究時(shí)間短,未統(tǒng)計(jì)更詳細(xì)的心臟超聲結(jié)果及心血管事件發(fā)生數(shù)量等,而只是應(yīng)用B超評(píng)估頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜厚度、LVEF評(píng)估心臟功能,并結(jié)合血脂指標(biāo)評(píng)估CVD危險(xiǎn)因素,統(tǒng)計(jì)指標(biāo)較少,準(zhǔn)確度不足,對(duì)此,還需開展更長期的隨訪研究。
綜上所述,CVD高度影響CKD患者的預(yù)后,CKD-MBD在心血管事件發(fā)生發(fā)展中起著關(guān)鍵作用。本研究證實(shí)HFHD較LFHD能更好地清除FGF23、改善脂質(zhì)代謝紊亂,從而減少尿毒癥患者心血管事件的發(fā)生。
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Influences of high-flux hemodialysis on fibroblast growth factor 23,arteriosclerosis and cardiac function in patients with end-stage renal diseases
CHEN Han-zhi,WANG Liang,SUN Zhu-xing,ZHANG Zhi-jian
(DepartmentofNephrology,WuxiPeople′sHospitalAffiliatedtoNanjingMedicalUniversity,Wuxi214023,China)
Objective:To observe the effects of high-flux hemodialysis (HFHD) on the level of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23),calcium and phosphorus metabolism,arteriosclerosis and cardiac function in patients with end-stage renal diseases(ESRD) in order to further define the strengths of HFHD in reducing ESRD patients′ complications.Methods: Forty cases taken hemodialysis at Wuxi People′s Hospital were retrospectively analyzed by reviewing their clinical data.Twenty subjects underwent HFHD,while 20 underwent low-flux hemodialysis (LFHD).The levels of FGF23 and serological indexes were recorded before hemodialysis and after regular hemodialysis respectively for 2,4 and 6 months;Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were observed before and after 6-month hemodialysis.Factors affecting FGF23 levels of ESRD patients′ were analyed.The influences of different ways of hemodialysis upon serological indexes,arteriosclerosis and cardiac functioning in ESRD patients were also researched.Results:Before hemodialysis,no statistical differences were found between the two groups in sex,age,basic disease,nutriture,drug use and levels of Hb,ALB,estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR),serum Ca2+,serum P3-,parathyroid homone(PTH) and FGF23 before medical treatment(P>0.05).The levels of P3-in HFHD group after 2-month-hemodialysis,4-month-hemodialysis and 6-month-hemodialysis were significantly lower than those in LFHD group.LDLC in HFHD group after 4-month-hemodialysis and 6-month-hemodialysis were significantly lower than those in LFHD group.After 6-month hemodialysis,TG、PTH and FGF23 in the HFHD group were significantly lower than those in the LFHD group,whereas levels of Hb and HDLC in the HFHD group were significantly elevated compared to those in the LFHD group.Besides,no significant difference was found between the two groups in level of LVEF.Compared to the LFHD group,the HFHD group demonstrated significantly lower level of cIMT after 6-month-hemodialysis(P<0.05).There was a negative correlation between FGF23 and dialysis time,Hb,Ca2+;a positive correlation between FGF23 and TG,P3-,PTH,cTMT;a negative correlation between FGF 23 and HFHD group,and no significant correlation between FGF23 and Alb,HDLC,LDLC,LVEF,KT/V,URR.Conclusion: HFHD can better cleared FGF23 level,redress anemia,calcium and phosphorous metabolic disorder,and improve cardiac functioning.
high-flux hemodialysis;low-flux hemodialysis;fibroblast growth factor 23;arteriosclerosis
2016-05-22
2016-08-29
南京醫(yī)科大學(xué)科技發(fā)展基金資助項(xiàng)目(2010NJMU101)
陳涵枝(1981-),女,江蘇無錫人,主治醫(yī)師,醫(yī)學(xué)碩士。E-mail:chenhanzhi0830@163.com
張志堅(jiān) E-mail:zzjwxyy@163.com
陳涵枝,王涼,孫鑄興,等.高通量血液透析對(duì)終末期腎衰患者FGF23、動(dòng)脈硬化及心功能的影響[J].東南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào):醫(yī)學(xué)版,2016,36(1):53-57.
R459.5
A
1671-7562(2017)01-0053-05
10.3969/j.issn.1671-7562.2017.08.013