陶明珠,張強(qiáng),周鐵軍,楊成萬(wàn)
(西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院,四川瀘州 646000)
FMNL2基因小干擾RNA 質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染人宮頸癌Hela、Siha細(xì)胞株Vimentin及E-cadherin的表達(dá)觀察
陶明珠,張強(qiáng),周鐵軍,楊成萬(wàn)
(西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院,四川瀘州 646000)
目的 觀察同源形成素樣蛋白2(FMNL2)基因小干擾RNA 質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染人宮頸腺癌細(xì)胞株Hela、鱗癌細(xì)胞株Siha波形蛋白(Vimentin)及鈣黏附蛋白E(E-cadherin)的表達(dá)的影響。方法 分別取Hela、Siha細(xì)胞各分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組、對(duì)照組,實(shí)驗(yàn)組中加入含有2 mL Lipofectamine 2000TM包裹的FMNL2-siRNA (100 nmol/L)的無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)基,對(duì)照組加2 mL的無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)基。采用RT-PCR法檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染72 h時(shí)各組FMNL2、波形蛋白(Vimentin)及鈣黏附蛋白E(E-cadherin) mRNA,采用細(xì)胞免疫化學(xué)染色法檢測(cè)轉(zhuǎn)染72 h時(shí)各組FMNL2、Vimentin及E-cadherin 蛋白。結(jié)果 轉(zhuǎn)染72 h時(shí)Hela、Siha細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)組FMNL2 mRNA及蛋白的相對(duì)表達(dá)量均低于對(duì)照組,轉(zhuǎn)染72 h時(shí)Hela、Siha細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)組Vimentin mRNA及蛋白的相對(duì)表達(dá)量均低于對(duì)照組,轉(zhuǎn)染72 h時(shí)Hela、Siha細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)組 E-cadherin mRNA及蛋白的相對(duì)表達(dá)量mRNA相對(duì)表量均高于對(duì)照組(P均<0.05)。結(jié)論 FMNL2基因小干擾RNA 質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染可抑制Hela、Siha細(xì)胞Vimentin 表達(dá),促進(jìn) E-cadherin表達(dá)。 FMNL2可能參與了宮頸癌EMT。
宮頸腫瘤;宮頸癌;宮頸鱗癌;宮頸腺癌;同源形成素樣蛋白;上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化
宮頸癌是女性最常見(jiàn)的惡性腫瘤之一,組織學(xué)類(lèi)型主要有鱗癌和腺癌,其侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移是影響患者預(yù)后的主要因素[1]。研究表明,在腫瘤侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移初始過(guò)程中,腫瘤上皮細(xì)胞可發(fā)生上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(EMT),抑制或逆轉(zhuǎn)EMT可抑制腫瘤的侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移,EMT可增加腫瘤細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)移能力[2,3]。波形蛋白(Vimentin)、鈣黏附蛋白E(E-cadherin)是EMT重要的相關(guān)蛋白。同源形成素樣蛋白2(FMNL2)是一種新近發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種轉(zhuǎn)移相關(guān)基因,位于2q23.3[4]。研究[5]發(fā)現(xiàn),F(xiàn)MNL2可能通過(guò)EMT促進(jìn)結(jié)直腸癌的浸潤(rùn)和轉(zhuǎn)移。FMNL2在宮頸鱗癌組織中高表達(dá),并且與淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移情況有關(guān)[6],但FMNL2是否介導(dǎo)宮頸癌EMT的相關(guān)報(bào)道較少。我們觀察了FMNL2基因小干擾RNA 質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染人宮頸腺癌細(xì)胞株Hela、鱗癌細(xì)胞株Siha Vimentin及E-cadherin表達(dá)的影響,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)告如下。
1.1 細(xì)胞、試劑及儀器 人宮頸腺癌Hela細(xì)胞株由西南醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院中心實(shí)驗(yàn)室惠贈(zèng),人宮頸鱗癌Siha細(xì)胞株購(gòu)自南方醫(yī)科大學(xué)病理學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)室。FMNL2抗體購(gòu)自Chemcruz公司,E-cadherin、Vimentin抗體購(gòu)自基因科技上海有限公司,Envision兩步法試劑盒、DAB試劑盒、細(xì)胞打孔液Trion X-100購(gòu)自中杉金橋公司。DMEM高糖型培養(yǎng)液購(gòu)自賽默飛世爾生物化學(xué)制品(北京)有限公司,胎牛血清(FBS)購(gòu)自深圳賽泰克生物科技有限公司,二甲基亞砜(DMSO)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Sigma公司,胰蛋白酶、磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)購(gòu)自上海生化公司。FMNL2-siRNA(可抑制FMNL2表達(dá))轉(zhuǎn)染試劑購(gòu)自廣州銳博生物科技有限公司;Lipofectamine 2000 Reagent購(gòu)自lifetechnologies公司??俁NA提取試劑盒、DNA Marker、2×Taq PCR MasterMix購(gòu)自北京天根科技有限公司,RT試劑盒購(gòu)自成都博瑞克生物技術(shù)有限公司,PCR引物購(gòu)自生工生物工程有限公司。CO2細(xì)胞電熱恒溫培養(yǎng)箱(HEPA class100型)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Thermo公司,倒置相差顯微鏡(TS100-F100型)購(gòu)自德國(guó)Leica公司,PCR擴(kuò)增儀(TC-512型)購(gòu)自英國(guó)Techne公司,凝膠掃描成像儀購(gòu)自美國(guó)Bio-rad公司。
1.2 Hela、Siha細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)與FMNL2-siRNA轉(zhuǎn)染方法 分別取Hela、Siha細(xì)胞,置于含10%FBS的DMEM培養(yǎng)基,37 ℃、飽和濕度、5% CO2恒溫培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。待細(xì)胞約80%融合時(shí),0.25%胰蛋白酶消化,傳代3次后備用。收集對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的Hela、Siha細(xì)胞各分為實(shí)驗(yàn)組、對(duì)照組,1×105/mL 接種于6孔板中,每組3個(gè)復(fù)孔,37 ℃、飽和濕度、5% CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng);待細(xì)胞融合達(dá)35%~50%時(shí),吸棄上清液。向?qū)嶒?yàn)組中加入含有2 mL Lipofectamine 2000包裹的FMNL2-siRNA (100 nmol/L)的無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)基,對(duì)照組加2 mL的無(wú)血清培養(yǎng)基,培養(yǎng)72 h后備用。
1.3 各組FMNL2、Vimentin及E-cadherin mRNA檢測(cè) 采用RT-PCR法。轉(zhuǎn)染72 h,取對(duì)數(shù)生長(zhǎng)期的各組細(xì)胞,常規(guī)TRIzol法提取總RNA,所有操作均嚴(yán)格按照總RNA提取試劑盒操作步驟于無(wú)菌條件下完成。配制逆轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng)體系,進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng),將所得逆轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng)原液置于-20 ℃中保存;按PCR試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)配制PCR擴(kuò)增反應(yīng)體系,進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增反應(yīng),檢測(cè)各組細(xì)胞FMNL2、Vimentin及E-cadherin mRNA,對(duì)PCR擴(kuò)增反應(yīng)產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行瓊脂糖凝膠電泳,應(yīng)用凝膠掃描成像系統(tǒng)檢測(cè)電泳結(jié)果,以GADPH為內(nèi)參,將目的基因與內(nèi)參吸光值相比得到目的基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。GAPDH上游引物5′-ACCACAGTCCATGCCATCAC -3′;下游引物5′-TCCACCACCCTGTTGCTGTA -3′,序列長(zhǎng)度450 bp。FMNL2上游引物5′-TGGATTCGCAGCGAG-3′;下游引物5′-CAGGAGGTAGGTTCATAG-3′,序列長(zhǎng)度120 bp。Vimentin上游引物5′-CGCTTCGCCAACACAT-3′;下游引物5′-AGGGCATCCACTTCACAG-3′,序列長(zhǎng)度690 bp。E-cadherin上游引物5′-AAGCCTCAGGTC ATAAACATC-3′;下游引物5′-CGCCTCCTTCTTCATCATAG-3′,序列長(zhǎng)度460 bp。反應(yīng)條件:94 ℃、3min預(yù)變性,94℃、30 s變性,53 ℃、30 s退火,72 ℃、30 s延伸,30個(gè)循環(huán);終末延伸,72 ℃,3 min;4 ℃保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.4 各組FMNL2、Vimentin及E-cadherin 蛋白檢測(cè) 采用細(xì)胞免疫化學(xué)染色法。取轉(zhuǎn)染72 h時(shí)各組細(xì)胞,PBS緩沖液漂洗、室溫下4%多聚甲醛固定15 min。滴加一抗FMNL2(稀釋比例1∶50)、E-cadherin(稀釋比例1∶100)、Vimentin(稀釋比例1∶200),室溫孵育2 h,滴加A液,室溫孵育30 min,滴加現(xiàn)配好的二氨基聯(lián)苯胺(DAB),顯色,蘇木素復(fù)染,梯度酒精脫水,二甲苯透明,中性樹(shù)膠封片。用Image-pro plus6.0圖像分析軟件分析,對(duì)每張爬片隨機(jī)攝像5幀,檢測(cè)其陽(yáng)性細(xì)胞的平均光密度值(IOD),取平均值。
2.1 各組FMNL2、Vimentin及E-cadherin mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量比較 轉(zhuǎn)染72 h時(shí)各組FMNL2、Vimentin及E-cadherin mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量比較見(jiàn)表1、圖1。
表1 轉(zhuǎn)染72 h時(shí)各組FMNL2、Vimentin及E-cadherin mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量比較
注:與同一細(xì)胞對(duì)照組比較,▲P<0.05;與Siha細(xì)胞對(duì)照組比較,#P<0.05。
圖1 轉(zhuǎn)染72 h時(shí)各組FMNL2、Vimentin及E-cadherin mRNA表達(dá)情況
2.2 各組FMNL2、Vimentin及E-cadherin 蛋白IOD值比較 轉(zhuǎn)染72 h時(shí)各組FMNL2、Vimentin及E-cadherin蛋白IOD值比較見(jiàn)表2、圖2、圖3。
表2 轉(zhuǎn)染72 h時(shí)各組FMNL2、Vimentin及E-cadherin蛋白IOD值比較
注:與同一細(xì)胞對(duì)照組比較,▲P<0.05;與Siha細(xì)胞對(duì)照組比較,#P<0.05。
注:a1 對(duì)照組FMNL2表達(dá)情況;a1′ 實(shí)驗(yàn)組FMNL2表達(dá)情況;b1對(duì)照組 Vimentin表達(dá)情況; b1′實(shí)驗(yàn)組Vimentin表達(dá)情況;c1對(duì)照組 E-cadherin表達(dá)情況;c1′ 實(shí)驗(yàn)組 E-cadherin表達(dá)情況。
圖2 Hela細(xì)胞FMNL2、Vimentin及E-cadherin蛋白表達(dá)情況(×400)
注:a1 對(duì)照組FMNL2表達(dá)情況;a2實(shí)驗(yàn)組FMNL2表達(dá)情況;b1對(duì)照組 Vimentin表達(dá)情況; b2實(shí)驗(yàn)組Vimentin表達(dá)情況;c1對(duì)照組 E-cadherin表達(dá)情況;c2實(shí)驗(yàn)組 E-cadherin表達(dá)情況。
圖3 Siha 細(xì)胞FMNL2、Vimentin及E-cadherin蛋白表達(dá)情況(×400)
EMT是一個(gè)極其復(fù)雜的過(guò)程,其特征是發(fā)生EMT的細(xì)胞上皮細(xì)胞特性逐漸消失,獲得間質(zhì)細(xì)胞特性,并伴有免疫表型的改變。上皮細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物如Ecadherin表達(dá)減少, 間質(zhì)細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物如Vimentin 表達(dá)增高,是上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化的重要標(biāo)志[7,8]。E-cadherin表達(dá)的下調(diào)或缺失是EMT的典型特征。 Vimentin即波形蛋白是一種中間絲蛋白,在上皮細(xì)胞中極少表達(dá),是間質(zhì)細(xì)胞一個(gè)重要的分子標(biāo)記,其在上皮性腫瘤細(xì)胞表達(dá)陽(yáng)性或增高就提示可能發(fā)生了EMT。EMT是腫瘤細(xì)胞獲得侵襲和轉(zhuǎn)移能力的最主要途徑[9,10]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)Hela、Siha細(xì)胞均有Vimentin蛋白和mRNA的表達(dá),且Hela細(xì)胞Vimentin蛋白和mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)量均高于E-cadherin蛋白和mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)量,同時(shí)也高于明顯高于Siha細(xì)胞的Vimentin蛋白和mRNA的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。說(shuō)明Hela細(xì)胞和Siha細(xì)胞均存在EMT,且Hela細(xì)胞的EMT程度更高。
FMNL2屬于形成素同源蛋白家族,其主要功能為參與細(xì)胞骨架的構(gòu)建及重塑,同時(shí)維持細(xì)胞的穩(wěn)定結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu),與細(xì)胞分裂、變形等過(guò)程有關(guān)。其在惡性腫瘤中的研究較少,有研究表明FMNL2的表達(dá)與肝癌[11]、結(jié)直腸癌[12,13]、惡性黑色素瘤[14]、宮頸鱗癌[6]等的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移及預(yù)后有關(guān)。且有研究證實(shí)FMNL2在結(jié)直腸癌組織中可能通過(guò)促進(jìn)結(jié)直腸癌EMT的發(fā)生,增強(qiáng)其侵襲、轉(zhuǎn)移的能力[5],但其在宮頸癌的浸潤(rùn)轉(zhuǎn)移機(jī)制中是否與EMT有關(guān)尚不清楚。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),轉(zhuǎn)染72 h時(shí)Hela、Siha細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)組FMNL2、VimentinmRNA相對(duì)表量均低于對(duì)照組,E-cadherin mRNA相對(duì)表達(dá)量高于對(duì)照組。轉(zhuǎn)染72 h時(shí)Hela、Siha細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)組FMNL2、Vimentin蛋白的IOD值均低于對(duì)照組,E-cadherin 的IOD值高于對(duì)照組。說(shuō)明沉默F(xiàn)MNL2基因可在mRNA、蛋白水平抑制Hela細(xì)胞和Siha細(xì)胞的EMT。因此,F(xiàn)MNL2沉默能夠抑制人子宮頸癌EMT的發(fā)生,從而發(fā)揮抑制子宮頸癌黏附、轉(zhuǎn)移的作用。由此推測(cè),F(xiàn)MNL2可能有促進(jìn)宮頸癌細(xì)胞EMT的作用,其可能通過(guò)促進(jìn)子宮頸癌細(xì)胞EMT從而促進(jìn)宮頸癌細(xì)胞的黏附、轉(zhuǎn)移。FMNL2對(duì)子宮頸癌細(xì)胞EMT影響機(jī)制,尤其是細(xì)胞傳導(dǎo)信號(hào)通路的研究還有待于進(jìn)一步實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證和分析。EMT的發(fā)生涉及多個(gè)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路如TGF-β信號(hào)通路[15]、Wnt/β-catenin通路、Ras-MEK-MAPK通路、PI3K/Akt[16]、JAK/STAT3[17]通路等。FMNL2基因的編碼產(chǎn)物屬于DRFs家族成員,F(xiàn)MNL2是DRFs成員,序列里有GTP酶結(jié)合結(jié)構(gòu)域和自身調(diào)節(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)域,是Rho-GTP酶家族的下游效應(yīng)因子,通過(guò)介導(dǎo)單細(xì)胞阿米巴樣運(yùn)動(dòng)調(diào)控細(xì)胞移動(dòng)[18]。其可以與肌動(dòng)蛋白結(jié)合蛋白、Rho GTPase相互作用,是Rho信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路、Scr酪氨酸激酶信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路以及Wnt信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路中的組成成分。FMNL2對(duì)子宮頸癌EMT的影響是否是通過(guò)上述轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路發(fā)揮作用尚待進(jìn)一步研究。
綜上所述,F(xiàn)MNL2基因小干擾RNA 質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染可抑制人宮頸癌Hela、Siha細(xì)胞Vimentin 表達(dá),促進(jìn)細(xì)胞E-cadherin表達(dá)。 FMNL2可能參與了宮頸癌EMT。
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Expression of Vimentin and E-cadherin in human cervical carcinoma cell lines Hela and Siha transfected by FMNL2 gene siRNA
TAOMingzhu,ZHANGQiang,ZHOUTiejun,YANGChengwan
(TheAffiliatedHospitalofSouthwestMedicalUniversity,Luzhou646000,China)
Objective To investigate the expression of Vimentin and E-cadherin in human cervical carcinoma cell lines Hela and Siha transfected with Formin-like protein 2(FMNL2)gene small interference RNA (siRNA). Methods Both Hela cells and Siha cells were divided into the experimental group and control group, respectively. Cells in the experimental group were treated with 2 mL serum-free culture medium containing 100 nmol/L FMNL2-siRNA encapsulated by Lipofectamine 2000TM. Cells in the control group were treated with 2 mL serum-free culture medium. We used RT-PCR to detect the expression of FMNL2, Vimentin and E-cadherin mRNA in each group 72 h after transfection. Cellular immunohistochemistry was applied to detect the expression of FMNL2, Vimentin and E-Cadherin proteins in each group 72 h after transfection. Results The relative expression of FMNL2 mRNA and protein in both Hela cells and Siha cells of the experimental group 72 h after transfection was lower than that in the control group, respectively (P<0.05). The relative expression of Vimentin mRNA and protein in both Hela cells and Siha cells of the experimental group 72 h after transfection was lower than that in the control group, respectively, whereas the expression of E-cadherin mRNA and protein was higher than that in the control group (allP<0.05).Conclusions FMNL2 gene small interference RNA transfection may inhibit the expression of Vimentin and promote the expression of E-cadherin in Hela cells and Siha cells. FMNL2 may participate in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of human cervical cancer.
cervical neoplasms; cervical carcinoma; cervical squamous-cell carcinoma; uterine cervical adenocarcinoma; formin-like protein; epithelial-mesenchymal transition
四川省衛(wèi)生廳科研基金資助項(xiàng)目(100243)。
陶明珠(1972-),女,本科,主管護(hù)師,主要研究方向?yàn)槟[瘤基礎(chǔ)及護(hù)理。E-mail: ycwty163@163.com
楊成萬(wàn)(1969-),男,碩士,教授,主要研究方向腫瘤病理。E-mail: ycwty@163.com。
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2017.19.002
R737.3
A
1002-266X(2017)19-0005-04
2016-11-04)