唐 妍 黃立光 張漢奎 趙 晉 何茜冬 張婷婷 鄭 妍
廣東省中山市人民醫(yī)院生殖醫(yī)學(xué)中心(中山 528403)
正常精子形態(tài)百分比對男性不育自然周期宮腔內(nèi)人工授精的預(yù)測價值
唐 妍 黃立光 張漢奎 趙 晉 何茜冬 張婷婷 鄭 妍
廣東省中山市人民醫(yī)院生殖醫(yī)學(xué)中心(中山 528403)
目的 探討處理后精液參數(shù)對男性不育自然周期(natural cycle, NC)宮腔內(nèi)人工授精(intrauterine insemination, IUI)的預(yù)測價值。方法 回顧性分析了181例(299個周期)因男方因素行NC-IUI助孕治療患者的臨床資料,將299個周期分為妊娠組(n=31)和無妊娠組(n=268),比較兩組之間的差異,并采用ROC曲線分析其預(yù)測價值。結(jié)果 兩組間比較,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比妊娠組顯著高于無妊娠組[(8.3±3.3)%比(6.8±3.3)% ],差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);其余指標(biāo)包括女方年齡、男方年齡、不孕年限、不孕類型、IUI日子宮內(nèi)膜厚度以及處理后前向運動精子總數(shù)(postwashed total progressively motile sperm count,TPMSC)在兩組間比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。ROC曲線分析結(jié)果顯示處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比用于預(yù)測男性不育NC-IUI妊娠結(jié)局有顯著意義[曲線下面積為0.656(95%CI:0.563-0.749,P=0.004)]。進一步將所有周期按TPMSC≥10×106和<10×106進行分層分析。在TPMSC≥10×106組(n=191)中妊娠組處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比(8.9±3.4)%高于無妊娠組(7.4±3.4)%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);在TPMSC<10×106組(n=108)中,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比在妊娠組與無妊娠組中比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。TPMSC在兩組間比較,妊娠組顯著高于無妊娠組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(7.3±1.4比6.1±1.9,P<0.05)。ROC曲線分析結(jié)果亦提示當(dāng)TPMSC<10×106,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比用于預(yù)測男性不育NC-IUI妊娠結(jié)局無意義;而TPMSC卻有意義[ROC曲線下面積為0.702(95%CI:0.565-0.839,P=0.029)]。結(jié)論 當(dāng)TPMSC>10×106,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比是預(yù)測男性不育NCIUI妊娠結(jié)局的決定因素;但當(dāng)TPMSC<10×106,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比與妊娠結(jié)局無關(guān),TPMSC才是影響妊娠結(jié)局的重要參數(shù)。
不育, 男性; 授精,人工; 正常精子形態(tài); 妊娠結(jié)局
宮腔內(nèi)人工授精(intrauterine insemination, IUI)是最早應(yīng)用于不孕癥治療的一種輔助生殖技術(shù),也是最簡單的一種。男性不育[1]是指夫婦未采取任何避孕措施,同居1年以上,由于男方因素造成女方不孕,是IUI的主要適應(yīng)證之一。一直以來,IUI因其經(jīng)濟、有效且創(chuàng)傷小而被認為是輔助生殖技術(shù)中治療男性不育的一線治療方法[2-5]。據(jù)報道,在男性不育患者中,自然周期(natural cycle,NC)-IUI的妊娠率(pregnancy rate,PR)/周期從0~20.5%不等,而促排卵(controlled ovarian hyperstimulation,COH)COH-IUI的PR/周期從3.9%~13.6%不等[5]。影響IUI妊娠率的因素有很多,包括女方年齡、男方年齡、不孕年限、不孕類型、成熟卵泡數(shù)目、精液參數(shù)等[4,6-11]。然而由于各研究標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一,研究對象異質(zhì)性較大,也尚無定論。為了盡可能地排除干擾因素,本研究只選取了以男方因素為病因,且女方采用自然周期排卵的IUI周期進行回顧性分析,旨在探索影響男性不育NC-IUI妊娠率的相關(guān)因素。
一、研究對象
選取2010年1月至2016年7月在我中心因男性不育行夫精NC-IUI助孕治療的患者共181例(299個周期)。所有患者夫婦雙方均進行了不孕不育原因的相關(guān)篩查,包括婦科檢查、陰道超聲檢查、輸卵管檢查、排卵監(jiān)測、精液檢查(至少2次)、性交后試驗等,以明確不孕因素為男方精液液化異?;蛏?、弱、畸形精子癥或勃起障礙等性功能障礙。術(shù)前均按衛(wèi)生部相關(guān)要求完善IUI前各項檢查,具備IUI助孕治療的適應(yīng)證,無禁忌證。
二、IUI治療及隨訪
采用NC-IUI。于周期第10天開始采用陰道B超隔天或每天監(jiān)測卵泡發(fā)育,當(dāng)卵泡直徑≥14mm時,聯(lián)合尿LH板監(jiān)測LH水平,必要時抽血監(jiān)測血清LH水平。根據(jù)卵泡大小及血清LH、E2、P的水平?jīng)Q定是否需要注射HCG扳機和IUI時機。如IUI當(dāng)日子宮內(nèi)膜<7mm,則取消周期。IUI當(dāng)日男方在醫(yī)院內(nèi)手淫取精,精液處理采用上游法或梯度離心法。分別記錄處理前、后的精液參數(shù), 包括體積、濃度、前向運動精子百分比、正常形態(tài)精子百分比等。將處理后精子懸液采用人工授精管注入宮腔內(nèi), 完成IUI。術(shù)后患者平臥半小時后無不適離院。IUI術(shù)后14~16d查尿或血hCG,如陽性則于2周后行陰道超聲檢查,如宮腔內(nèi)見孕囊提示臨床妊娠。
三、統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計軟件(Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16.0)進行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計分析。計量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗;計數(shù)資料以百分率(%)表示,采用x2檢驗。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。 采用ROC曲線分析處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比對男性不育NC-IUI妊娠結(jié)局的診斷價值。處理后前向運動精子總數(shù)(postwashed total progressively motile sperm count,TPMSC)=處理后精液的體積×濃度×前向運動精子百分比。
299個周期中,31個周期妊娠,每周期臨床妊娠率為10.4%。根據(jù)IUI后是否妊娠,將299個周期分為兩組:妊娠組(n=31)和無妊娠組(n=268),分別比較了兩組間的女方年齡、男方年齡、不孕年限、不孕類型、IUI日子宮內(nèi)膜厚度以及TPMSC。在妊娠組中,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比顯著高于無妊娠組[(8.3±3.3)%比(6.8±3.3)%],差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);除此之外,其余指標(biāo)在兩組間比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(見表1)。進一步采用ROC曲線分析處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比對男性不育NCIUI妊娠結(jié)局的診斷價值,結(jié)果顯示ROC曲線下面積為0.656(95%CI:0.563-0.749,P=0.004),表明處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比用于預(yù)測男性不育NC-IUI妊娠結(jié)局有顯著意義,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比越大,則妊娠可能性越高。當(dāng)截斷點為5.75時,靈敏度與特異度之和最大(敏感度為80.6%,特異度為45.1%)(見圖1)。
表1 兩組患者一般情況、周期情況及處理后精液參數(shù)比較
圖1 ROC曲線
考慮到TPMSC可能會影響處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比對男性不育NC-IUI妊娠結(jié)局的診斷價值,我們以10×106為界值,將所有周期按TPMSC≥10×106和<10×106進一步進行分層分析。在TPMSC≥10×106組中,共191個周期,其中20個周期妊娠,每周期妊娠率為10.5%,妊娠組與無妊娠組比較,兩組TPMSC差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,然而妊娠組處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比為(8.9±3.4)%,顯著高于無妊娠組(7.4±3.4)%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。在TPMSC<10×106組中,共108個周期,其中11個周期妊娠,每周期妊娠率為10.2%,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比在妊娠組與無妊娠組中比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,但是TPMSC在兩組間比較,妊娠組(7.3±1.4)%顯著高于無妊娠組(6.1±1.9)%,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)(見表2)。ROC曲線分析結(jié)果顯示:當(dāng)TPMSC≥10×106,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比用于預(yù)測男性不育NC-IUI妊娠結(jié)局有顯著意義,ROC曲線下面積為0.649(95%CI:0.542~0.755,P=0.029),但是當(dāng)TPMSC<10×106,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比用于預(yù)測男性不育NCIUI妊娠結(jié)局無意義(P=0.075);而TPMSC卻有意義[ROC曲線下面積為0.702(95%CI:0.565~0.839,P=0.029)],當(dāng)截斷點為6.139×106時,靈敏度與特異度之和最大(敏感度為81.8%,特異度為58.8%)。
表2 兩組患者處理后精液參數(shù)在TPMSC≥10×106和<10×106中的分層比較
精液參數(shù),尤其是處理后的精液參數(shù)在預(yù)測IUI妊娠結(jié)局方面有一定的意義。精子形態(tài)作為精液參數(shù)的重要組成部分,也是衡量男性生育力的最好指標(biāo)之一[12,13],然而關(guān)于其是否可以用來預(yù)測IUI妊娠結(jié)局則頗有爭議。有學(xué)者認為其可以作為IUI妊娠結(jié)局的一個預(yù)測因子[14-20],然而也有學(xué)者認為兩者之間并無關(guān)聯(lián)[17,21-23]。我們的研究結(jié)果顯示299個男性不育NC-IUI,妊娠組與無妊娠組比較,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比是唯一一個在兩組間差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義的指標(biāo),且ROC曲線分析也顯示處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比用于預(yù)測男性不育NC-IUI妊娠結(jié)局有顯著意義,百分比越大,則妊娠可能性越高。當(dāng)截斷點為5.75時,靈敏度與特異度之和最大(敏感度為80.6%,特異度為45.1%)。
在我們將所有周期按TPMSC≥10×106和<10×106進一步進行分層分析,類似的結(jié)果僅出現(xiàn)于TPMSC≥10×106時,當(dāng)TPMSC<10×106,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比在妊娠組及無妊娠組中比較差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義,而TPMSC在兩組間比較差異卻有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。ROC曲線分析結(jié)果也同樣提示當(dāng)TPMSC<10×106,TPMSC用于預(yù)測男性不育NC-IUI妊娠結(jié)局有意義,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比無意義。據(jù)我們所知,之前未見類似結(jié)果報道。我們分析其原因主要是因為研究方法和研究對象的不同所致。在大部分文獻中,均先將TPMSC或正常形態(tài)精子百分比進行分組,再比較其妊娠結(jié)局的差別,從而導(dǎo)致不同文獻,分組不同結(jié)論不同。且諸多文獻中研究對象不僅僅是男方因素的患者,還包括女方因素所致、雙方因素及不明原因不孕的患者。在我們的研究中,則是通過比較妊娠組與無妊娠組之間的差別,來探討影響IUI妊娠結(jié)局的相關(guān)因素,與Akl等報道[16]類似,精子形態(tài)是預(yù)測男性不育NC-IUI妊娠結(jié)局的決定性因素。且在本研究中,我們僅納入了因男方因素而行IUI治療的患者作為研究對象,同Badawy等[15]的觀點一致,我們認為這樣可以排除女方因素對妊娠結(jié)局的影響,此外不同于其他大多數(shù)文獻,我們僅分析了NC-IUI治療的周期,而排除了促排卵周期,目的是為了排除促排卵方案以及促排后的卵泡數(shù)目對妊娠結(jié)局的影響,我們認為這樣可以在一個同質(zhì)群體采用同一治療模式下探討精液參數(shù)對IUI妊娠結(jié)局的影響,從而得到更真實的結(jié)論。
綜上,我們認為從整體來看,當(dāng)TPMSC>10×106,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比是預(yù)測男性不育NC-IUI妊娠結(jié)局的決定因素;但當(dāng)TPMSC<10×106,處理后正常形態(tài)精子百分比與妊娠結(jié)局無關(guān),TPMSC才是影響妊娠結(jié)局的重要參數(shù)。該結(jié)論對于指導(dǎo)臨床來說有一定的參考價值,但尚需更多臨床研究來證實。
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(2017-03-01收稿)
Efficacy of post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage in predicting pregnancy of intrauterine insemination for male subfertility in natural cycle
Tang Yan, Huang Liguang, Zhang Hankui, Zhao Jin, He Qiandong, Zhang Tingting, Zheng Yan
Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan 528403, China
Objective To investigate the efficacy of post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage in predicting of intrauterine insemination (IUI) for male subfertility in natural cycle (NC). Methods The data of 299 cycles performed in 181 couples with male subfertility were retrospectively analyzed. The differences between pregnancy group and no pregnancy group were compared. The ROC curve was used to evaluate the ability of a variable to predict pregnancy after an IUI cycle. Results Pregnancy occurred in 31 IUI cycles. Post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage of pregnancygroup (n=31) was higher than that of no pregnancy group (n=268) [(8.3±3.3)% vs (6.8±3.3)%, P=0.004]. Other parameters including female age, male age, duration of infertility, type of infertility, the thickness of endometrium on the day of IUI and the postwashed total progressively motile sperm count (TPMSC), showed no differences between these two groups. The ROC curve revealed that post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage had better prognostic potency for predicting pregnancy of IUI for male subfertilty in NC (the area under the curve was 0.656 (95% CI: 0.563-0.749,P=0.004). Further analyses between pregnancy group and no pregnancy group were done in group of TPMSC≥10×106and <10×106. In the group of TPMSC≥10×106, similar results were observed (post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage: pregnancy group vs. no pregnancy group: [(8.9±3.4)% vs. (7.4±3.4)%, P=0.028]. However, in the group of TPMSC <10×106, no difference were observed in post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage between pregnancy group and no pregnancy group (P>0.05) , while with regard to TPMSC, significant difference was showed. The TPMSC was higher in the pregnancy group (7.3±1.4 vs. 6.1±1.9, P=0.029). The ROC curve also revealed that when TPMSC <10×106, the TPMSC had better prognostic potency for predicting pregnancy (the area under the curve was 0.702 (95%CI: 0.565-0.839, P=0.029) rather than post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage. Conclusion For the group as a whole, the post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage is a determining factor for predicting pregnancy of IUI for male subfertility in NC. However, when TPMSC<10×106, rather than post-wash normal sperm morphology percentage, TPMSC is the determining factor related to the pregnancy outcome indeed. Further studies are required.
infertility, male; Insemination, Artificial; normal sperm morphology; pregnancy outcome
10.3969/j.issn.1008-0848.2017.04.005
R 698.2