宋學(xué)薇 王春麗 呂君 鄭再宏 李寧 張廣玉 滄州市人民醫(yī)院 (河北 滄州 061000)
產(chǎn)前觀測胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管特征及其與先心病關(guān)系
宋學(xué)薇 王春麗 呂君 鄭再宏 李寧 張廣玉 滄州市人民醫(yī)院 (河北 滄州 061000)
目的:探討產(chǎn)前觀測胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管特征及其與先心病關(guān)系。方法:收集采用超聲B-flow-STIC檢查及三血管氣管切面檢查的孕周為26~40周的胎兒264例。根據(jù)孕周分為3組,即26~31+6周組、32~36+6周組、≥37周組,孕婦例數(shù)分別為116例、88例、60例。均進(jìn)行超聲B-flow-STIC檢查及三血管氣管切面檢查。觀察三組胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)變化及動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管瘤發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:隨著孕周的增加,胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)為直線型的比例逐漸降低(P<0.05),迂回S型的比例逐漸升高(P<0.05),輕度彎曲型比較并無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05)。32~36+6周組和≥37周組各有1例合并導(dǎo)管動(dòng)脈瘤,表現(xiàn)為動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管中段擴(kuò)張,呈紡錘性囊性結(jié)構(gòu);≥37周組有1例在動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管明顯彎曲合并動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管瘤,且存在卵圓孔狹窄及房間隔瘤。結(jié)論:B- fl ow-STIC技術(shù)聯(lián)合超聲三血管氣管切面可更清晰立體顯示妊娠晚期胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)變化,能更準(zhǔn)確妊娠胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)改變,可較準(zhǔn)確的發(fā)現(xiàn)胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管瘤及避免將胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)的正常變化診斷為動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管異常。
胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管 B- fl ow成像 時(shí)間-空間相關(guān)成像技術(shù) 三血管氣管切面
Abstract:Objective: To investigate the characteristics of fetal ductus arteriosus and its relationship with congenital heart disease(CHD). Methods: 264 fetuses whose gestational age was 26~40 weeks who were examined by ultrasonic B- fl ow-STIC and three vessel trachea section examination were collected. According to gestational weeks, they were divided into 26~31+6weeks group, 32~36+6weeks group, ≥37 weeks group, in the three groups there were successively 116 cases,88 cases, 60 cases. they were done Ultrasonography B- fl ow-STIC examination and three vessels and trachea sections examination. The ductus arteriosus morphological changes and the occurrence of ductus arteriosus aneurysms in the three groups were observed. Results: 264 fetal were done ultrasonography examination for 320 times, among which there were 140 times in 26~31+6weeks group, 110 times in 32~36+6weeks group, 70 times in ≥37 weeks group.With the increase of gestational age, the ratio of fetal ductus arteriosus which was linear type decreased gradually (P<0.05), and the proportion of circuitous S type gradually increased (P<0.05). there was no statistical difference in mild bending type(P>0.05). in 32~36+6weeks group and ≥37 weeks group there was respectively 1 cases with ductus arteriosus aneurysms, which showed arterial catheter middle expansion appearspindle cystic structure; in ≥37 weeks group there were 1 cases with ductus arteriosus aneurysms in arterial catheter bend and the presence of foramen ovale stenosis and atrial septal aneurysm. Conclusion:B- fl ow-STIC technique combined with ultrasound three vessels and trachea view can more clearly display fetal ductus arteriosus morphological changes in late pregnancy, the fetal ductus arteriosus aneurysm morphological changes can be more accurate detected and avoid the normal changes of fetal ductus arteriosus form for the diagnosis of abnormal artery catheter.
Key words:fetal ductus arteriosus, B- fl ow imaging, time space correlation imaging technique, three vessel trachea section
B-flow成像是一種不依賴多普勒頻移的成像技術(shù),其空間、時(shí)間分辨力較高。時(shí)間-空間相關(guān)成像(STIC)技術(shù)能靜態(tài)或動(dòng)態(tài)顯示胎兒心臟容積圖像,可重建各時(shí)間點(diǎn)的三維圖像,并按照一個(gè)完整心動(dòng)周期的時(shí)相順序排列,形成胎兒心臟的四維圖像。B-flow成像聯(lián)合STIC可清晰顯示主肺動(dòng)脈、動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管和上腔靜脈等結(jié)構(gòu),其對診斷先心病具有一定作用[1]。本研究收集264例孕晚期胎兒為研究對象,采用B-flow成像聯(lián)合STIC及三血管氣管切面對胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)變化進(jìn)行觀察,分析胎兒導(dǎo)管形態(tài)變化與先心病的關(guān)系。
收集2014年6月~2016年5月在本院采用超聲B-flow-STIC檢查及三血管氣管切面檢查的孕周為26~40周的胎兒264例。胎兒納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①孕婦孕前月經(jīng)規(guī)律,末次月經(jīng)準(zhǔn)確,均為單胎;②孕婦無糖尿病、先天性心臟病等病史;③胎兒心臟二維圖像質(zhì)量良好;④臨床及心臟超聲檢查胎兒正常,胎兒生長指標(biāo)與停經(jīng)孕周相符。孕婦年齡22~40歲,平均(29.7±8.9)歲;孕周為26~40周,平均為(29.0±4.1)周。根據(jù)孕周分為3組,即26~31+6周組、32~36+6周組、≥37周組,孕婦例數(shù)分別為116例、88例、60例。
采用GE 730型彩色多普勒血流顯像儀,探頭頻率4~8MHz。選擇“胎兒心臟”程序,先進(jìn)行二維超聲的常規(guī)掃查,再用三維容積探頭,初始采集平面為以胎胸矢狀切面的主動(dòng)脈弓長軸切面、胎胸橫切面的四腔心切面,角度為20~30度,時(shí)間為12.5s。將取樣框邊緣放在胎兒胸部皮膚外緣,包括胎兒下頸部胃、心臟、大血管及回心靜脈。先進(jìn)行B- fl ow顯像,在進(jìn)行STIC數(shù)據(jù)采集(此時(shí)孕婦屏氣)。采集的容積數(shù)據(jù)以正交三平面顯示,即初始切面,與初始切面呈矢狀位、冠狀位垂直的平面。對采集的容積圖像采用表面重建模式,對圖像進(jìn)行后處理。
分為四型,即直線型(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管)、輕度彎曲型(即C型,彎曲度<90?)、顯著彎曲C型(C型,彎曲度>90?)和迂回彎曲S型[2]。記錄三組每次胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管檢查顯示動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)的類型并觀察合并動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管瘤動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管的形態(tài)。
超聲檢查提示動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管迂回,呈紡錘或囊狀擴(kuò)張,并伸向主動(dòng)脈弓左側(cè)者。
采用SPSS21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件,分類資料用率表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),當(dāng)P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
264例胎兒共進(jìn)行320次超聲檢查,其中26~31+6周組140例次,32~36+6周組110例次、≥37周組70例次。隨著孕周的增加,胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)為直線型的比例逐漸降低(P<0.05),迂回S型的比例逐漸升高(P<0.05),輕度彎曲型比較并無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(P>0.05),見表1。
32~36+6周組和≥37周組各有1例合并導(dǎo)管動(dòng)脈瘤,表現(xiàn)為動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管中段擴(kuò)張,呈紡錘性囊性結(jié)構(gòu),分娩后24~48h行心臟超聲檢查證實(shí)為導(dǎo)管動(dòng)脈瘤;≥37周組有1例在動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管明顯彎曲合并動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管瘤,且存在卵圓孔狹窄及房間隔瘤,該病例在孕37周時(shí)引產(chǎn),尸檢證實(shí)動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管瘤、卵圓孔狹窄及房間隔瘤的存在。
胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管異可能存在心臟其他結(jié)構(gòu)異常,當(dāng)存在心臟其他結(jié)構(gòu)異常時(shí),胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管血流動(dòng)力學(xué)則會(huì)出現(xiàn)改變,進(jìn)而影響動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管的形態(tài)、管徑及導(dǎo)管血流[4]。B-flow-STIC技術(shù)可形成胎兒心血管的”數(shù)字鑄型”,能準(zhǔn)確顯示大血管、流出道的大小、走行及位置,同時(shí)還可對低速小血管能較快速的像素,其圖像呈現(xiàn)立體,利于檢查者較好的了解大血管空間位置關(guān)系。聯(lián)合三血管氣管切面掃查能更好的顯示動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管參數(shù)的變化,本研究結(jié)果表明,隨著胎齡的增加,胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)主要有直線型向輕度彎曲型改變,而到了妊娠晚期,可能變?yōu)轱@著彎曲C型或S型,在排除其他心臟結(jié)果異常情況下,單純這種動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管改變不能診斷為動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管異常。
綜上所述,B-flow-STIC技術(shù)聯(lián)合超聲三血管氣管切面可更清晰立體顯示妊娠晚期胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)變化,能更準(zhǔn)確妊娠胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)改變,可較準(zhǔn)確的發(fā)現(xiàn)胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管瘤及避免將胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)的正常變化診斷為動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管異常。
表1. 三組胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)檢查情況
[1] 劉滂,王瓊,劉艷君.超聲檢查診斷不同孕周胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管內(nèi)徑的臨床意義[J].浙江臨床醫(yī)學(xué),2016,18(5):901-903.
[2] 吳紅梅,蔡愛露,張穎,等.B- fl ow聯(lián)合時(shí)間-空間相關(guān)成像技術(shù)在正常胎兒心血管系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用[J].中國影像學(xué)技術(shù),2011,27(7):1439-1441.
[3] 王春麗.妊娠晚期胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管形態(tài)變化的超聲診斷價(jià)值[J].中國臨床研究,2015,28(9):1219-1221.
[4] 易艷,熊奕,甘晗靖,等.產(chǎn)前超聲對胎兒動(dòng)脈導(dǎo)管瘤的診斷和鑒別診斷價(jià)值[J].中國超聲醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2014,30(1):58-59.
Prenatal Observing the Characteristics of Fetal Ductus Arteriosus and its Relationship with Congenital Heart Disease
SONG Xue-wei WANG Chun-li LV Jun ZHENG Zai-hong LI Ning ZHANG Guang-yu Cangzhou People 's Hospital (Hebei Cangzhou 061000)
1006-6586(2017)18-0008-03
R714.5
A
2017-06-20