鄒品柳
摘要:一直以來,在初中階段的數(shù)學(xué)內(nèi)容當(dāng)中,二次函數(shù)都占據(jù)著重要位置,同時也是中考數(shù)學(xué)一個重要考點。如今,不少學(xué)生在對二次函數(shù)有關(guān)問題進(jìn)行解答時,解題過程以及結(jié)論看似正確,但答案卻不對。之所以會出現(xiàn)此種問題,主要是因為初中生并未對題設(shè)當(dāng)中隱含條件進(jìn)行重視,而且在日常練習(xí)以及考試當(dāng)中常常發(fā)生錯解現(xiàn)象,因此導(dǎo)致解題錯誤。本文旨在對二次函數(shù)當(dāng)中隱含條件的具體運用進(jìn)行探究,希望可以給實際教學(xué)進(jìn)行些許指導(dǎo)。
關(guān)鍵詞:初中數(shù)學(xué);二次函數(shù);隱含條件
中圖分類號:G633.6 ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A ? 文章編號:1672-9129(2017)16-0194-02
Abstract: the quadratic function always occupies an important position in the mathematics content of junior high school, and it is also an important test point for the mathematics in high school. However, many students seem to be correct in solving the problems related to quadratic function, but the answers are wrong. This kind of problem is mainly because junior middle school students do not pay attention to the implicit conditions in the questions, and they often get wrong solutions in daily exercises and exams, thus resulting in problems. This paper aims to explore the concrete application of implicit conditions in the quadratic function, hoping to give some guidance to the actual teaching.
Keywords: middle school mathematics; Quadratic function; The implied conditions
前言:隱含條件就是指題設(shè)條件并未明確給出,但又確實存在的條件,這些條件隱藏在題干背后,很難被學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)。對數(shù)學(xué)問題進(jìn)行解答的一般思路為由因?qū)Ч偷霉?,需對條件和結(jié)論、條件和問題間具有的邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行明確,最后從已知條件獲得未知結(jié)果。所以,解題期間,需對題設(shè)當(dāng)中隱含條件進(jìn)行挖掘,進(jìn)而讓題目變得更加明確以及具體,便于學(xué)生對解題思路進(jìn)行明確。作為初中數(shù)學(xué)當(dāng)中的重點以及難點,對二次函數(shù)有關(guān)問題進(jìn)行解答期間,若學(xué)生可以把隱含條件找出來,可以促使其解題速度以及效率得以大幅提高。
1 二次項的系數(shù)是否是“0”
綜上所述,二次函數(shù)有關(guān)問題包含很多隱含條件,進(jìn)行實際解題期間,需按照實際情況把隱含條件找出來,這樣才可得到相應(yīng)答案。所以,教師需要求學(xué)生對二次函數(shù)有關(guān)知識進(jìn)行掌握,同時可以靈活運用特殊值對函數(shù)問題進(jìn)行解答。為促使學(xué)生解題速度得以提高,教師可引導(dǎo)學(xué)生結(jié)合函數(shù)圖像進(jìn)行解題,進(jìn)而讓學(xué)生通過圖形找到題設(shè)當(dāng)中隱含條件,盡量減少失誤,促使其解題效率以及速度得到提高。
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