陳傳光 供稿
中考英語單項(xiàng)選擇步步走(上)
陳傳光 供稿
縱觀全國各地區(qū)的中考試卷,單項(xiàng)選擇題是十分重要的題型之一。單項(xiàng)選擇測(cè)試考生的英語基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)和對(duì)基本技能的掌握程度,其中包括了對(duì)詞匯、語法、慣用法、交際用語等知識(shí)的掌握,側(cè)重于英語知識(shí)的應(yīng)用。該部分題量不多,所涉及的考點(diǎn)基本上會(huì)覆蓋整個(gè)初中階段所學(xué)的語法項(xiàng)目和知識(shí)點(diǎn),內(nèi)容覆蓋面廣。通過分析近幾年的中考英語單項(xiàng)選擇題,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)它有以下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn):語言點(diǎn)的覆蓋面不再是其追求的唯一目標(biāo);注重語境的設(shè)置;重視考題的實(shí)用性。
這類題目主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)語法的掌握情況,所測(cè)試的語法項(xiàng)目基本上是課標(biāo)語法項(xiàng)目表中所涵蓋的語法。近年來,全國各地中考試題對(duì)語法項(xiàng)目的測(cè)試已改變過往機(jī)械考查語法的現(xiàn)象,漸漸將語法的測(cè)試放置于一定的情境中,突出了對(duì)語言能力的考查。
【例】—When did Jack land on the earth?
—________ the morning of Oct. 24th, 2008.A. On B. In C. During D. At
【解析】本題考查的是介詞的用法。同學(xué)們一看到“the morning”,很快就會(huì)想到用“in”構(gòu)成“in the morning”,但由于受到了“Oct. 24th, 2008”的限制,介詞“in”要變?yōu)椤皁n”。因此本題答案為A。
在學(xué)習(xí)英語的過程中,學(xué)生會(huì)學(xué)到很多看起來相似的詞組,這就要求學(xué)生不但要熟記其拼寫,還要記住其意思,于是這些詞組也就成為單項(xiàng)選擇題中的??碱}了。
【例】It’s too dark in the room. Why not ________ the light?
A. turn on B. turn off C. turn up D. turn down
【解析】本題考查的是四個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語的用法。如果不注意看前面的句子,選A或B都可以。但根據(jù)上下文的語境,我們可以判斷需要“開燈”,因此本題的正確答案是A。
單項(xiàng)選擇題會(huì)涉及一些固定短語、固定結(jié)構(gòu),以及習(xí)慣用法等,這就需要同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)的過程中,能夠用心地把它們記下來。
【例】My little son is kind to his friends. He would like to share his toys ________ them.
A. for B. with C. to D. in
【解析】此題考查“share sth. with sb.”這一固定搭配,故選B。
此方法適用于對(duì)所給出的答案感到似是而非的時(shí)候,同時(shí)這也是使用頻率最高的方法之一。這類題以涉及詞匯知識(shí)的題目居多。
【例】I invited Jack and Tom to dinner, but ________ of them came.
A. none B. both C. either D. neither
【解析】由“but”可知,被邀請(qǐng)者Jack和Tom并沒有來,因此排除B和C;而“none”指的是“三者或三者以上的任何一個(gè)都不”,于是排除A。所以正確答案為D。
語言靠語句來傳輸信息,所以當(dāng)我們接觸到單項(xiàng)選擇題時(shí),必須要找出題中的關(guān)鍵詞語,分析句子的語法結(jié)構(gòu)。
【例】We will go to Shanghai ________ Beijing, so we can’t visit the Great Wall.
A. no more B. as well as C. later on D. instead of
【解析】此句的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)是“can’t visit the Great Wall”,由此可知,“我們”沒去北京,而是去了上海;再根據(jù)這四個(gè)詞組所表達(dá)的意思進(jìn)行判斷,可得出本題的答案為D。
任何事物都有其一般性和特殊性,英語也不例外。單項(xiàng)選擇題就可以很好地考查學(xué)生對(duì)英語一般規(guī)律和特殊用法的掌握情況。
【例】—Do you know if he ________ to my birthday party?
—I think he is coming if he ________ free next Sunday.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be
【解析】此題考查“if”的用法。按照常規(guī)思維,學(xué)生一般會(huì)認(rèn)為這里的兩個(gè)“if”都是“如果”的意思,故會(huì)選A項(xiàng)。但若考慮其特殊性,“if”既可以表示“如果”來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)條件狀語從句,也可以表示“是否”來引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句。根據(jù)句意,前一個(gè)“if”表“是否”,后面用一般將來時(shí)表意愿;后一個(gè)“if”表“如果”,后面用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表事實(shí)。故本題答案為C。
英語中有很多交際用語,它們都有一定的問答方式,因此只要熟練掌握英語中常用的交際用語,此類題目便不難回答了?!纠俊狪’ve passed the exam.
—________.
A. Congratulations B. Bad luck
C. Thank you for telling me D. It’s nothing
【解析】從題干來看,這是對(duì)方帶來好消息,按照西方的禮儀習(xí)慣,選項(xiàng)A是最恰當(dāng)?shù)摹?/p>
單項(xiàng)選擇是一種容量大、考查面廣的題型,它可集中考查詞法、句法、語法等知識(shí),因此在各級(jí)各類考試中,單項(xiàng)選擇是必不可少的題型。要做好單項(xiàng)選擇題,首先大家必須熟練掌握各個(gè)句型、固定搭配、習(xí)慣用法及語法等方面的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。此外,大家還應(yīng)該了解一些解題技巧,提高解題的綜合能力。
解答單項(xiàng)選擇題,一般要經(jīng)過四個(gè)階段:閱讀審題→觀察分析→選擇判斷→復(fù)查驗(yàn)證。
首先要默讀試題中的英語句子,了解空格在句中所處的位置,明白句子缺少的是什么成分,初步確定答案的范圍,然后與備選答案結(jié)合起來考慮?!纠縃e goes to work by bus. ________.
A. So am I B. I so do C. I do so D. So do I
【解析】默讀完此題后,不難知道,此題缺少的是一個(gè)跟前句有關(guān)的句子;再根據(jù)選項(xiàng)就會(huì)清楚此題是在考查副詞“so”的一個(gè)用法——前面的情況也適用于另一個(gè)人或物。故選D。
這是一個(gè)快速而又嚴(yán)密的思維過程,要求學(xué)生將試題中所提供的條件和備選答案的情況結(jié)合起來去分析、推理,排除那些明顯不符合、甚至本身就有錯(cuò)的備選項(xiàng)目,然后再在剩余的選項(xiàng)中進(jìn)行比較分析。
【例】Lily is young, but she plays volleyball ________ her mother.
A. as good as B. as well as C. as better as D. as best as
【解析】根據(jù)觀察分析就會(huì)知道,C和D兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)本身就不能成立,應(yīng)先排除。而“well”作副詞,可以修飾動(dòng)詞“plays”,故選B。
在分析句子和備選答案的基礎(chǔ)上,經(jīng)過反復(fù)驗(yàn)證,選出一個(gè)使句子語法正確、語意通順且符合邏輯道理的答案。就上例所示,先排除C和D,只在A和B兩者中選擇。因?yàn)榫渲械摹皃lays”是一個(gè)行為動(dòng)詞,所以需要用一個(gè)副詞來修飾,正確答案已十分明了。
將所選答案放在句中空格處并再次默讀全句。首先看是否順口,再在讀法、意思和邏輯關(guān)系上進(jìn)行推敲,完全符合條件后則可放心選擇。
( ) 1. —Is Total Soccer ________ weekly round-up of soccer?—Yes. It provides us with ________ latest news on soccer.A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. the; a
( ) 2. My mother is strict with me. She doesn’t allow me to go outside to play football __________my homework is done. I have to do some reading at home instead.A. unless B. until C. before D. though
( ) 3. —Your grandfather looks very healthy.—________ he plays sports every day, ________ he is very healthy.A. Because; so B. Since; though C. Because; / D. Though; /
( ) 4. —It’s raining again. What bad weather!—Yeah. And it is reported that the terrible weather will ________ for another week.A. last B. change C. take D. become
( ) 5. Andy has made ________ this term that his parents will award him a new computer.A. such a great progress B. so great progress C. such great progress D. so a great progress
( ) 6. The old lady had to sell her house even though it was _______ her own wishes.A. above B. against C. with D. for
( ) 7. —No one would like to talk with Danny. Why?—Because he always ________ excuses to cheat us.A. makes up B. dresses up C. puts up D. looks up
( ) 8. —What did you say just now?—I said ________ I would like some eggs and bread for breakfast.A. what B. if C. that D. whether
( ) 9. —Can I watch TV, Mum?—No, unless your homework ________.A. will be finished B. is finished C. will finish D. has finished