張乙婷
摘 要:微課是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)迅速發(fā)展之下衍生出的新型授課方式,利用信息技術(shù),以教學(xué)視頻為載體,向?qū)W生傳遞單個知識點的教學(xué),其特點為教學(xué)時長短,教學(xué)容量小,適合學(xué)生認(rèn)知水平,易于接受和消化。在此基礎(chǔ)之下,我利用PPT及錄屏軟件,錄制了一堂約8分鐘的微課。我的微課選用的主題是高考靠頻極高的定語從句,定語從句在高考中屬于難點也是重點。
關(guān)鍵詞:微課 定語從句 高考英語 關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞
定語從句貫穿高中三年全部教材,且一直都是英語教學(xué)中的重難點。英語高考大綱的語法項目表中明確規(guī)定了學(xué)生必須掌握定語從句。分析歷年高考真題,不難發(fā)現(xiàn),對于定語從句的考查已經(jīng)成了必考項目。這不僅體現(xiàn)在閱讀理解中對于句子大意的準(zhǔn)確理解,還體現(xiàn)在語法填空和短文改錯中對于定語從句的判定以及關(guān)系詞的正確使用,甚至還體現(xiàn)在書面表達中的實際應(yīng)用??傊?,掌握好定語從句是高考英語取得高分的必要條件。
本課適合的對象為高三復(fù)習(xí)階段的學(xué)生,通過兩年多的高中英語學(xué)習(xí),學(xué)生對于定語從句已經(jīng)有了基本的認(rèn)識,但是由于學(xué)生水平參差不齊,對于部分同學(xué)來講,定語從句還是一個較為模糊的概念,所以非常有必要再次進行梳理與總結(jié)。本堂課的語法知識與高考緊密相關(guān),學(xué)生的熱情度和參與度都很高。
本堂課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)為:1.知識目標(biāo):復(fù)習(xí)定語從句的定義、類型及特征;掌握關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞的正確使用;2.能力目標(biāo):能夠判定一個定語從句;能夠準(zhǔn)確使用關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞;3.情感態(tài)度目標(biāo):在復(fù)習(xí)中培養(yǎng)總結(jié)歸納的能力;在復(fù)習(xí)中培養(yǎng)獨立思考的能力。
本堂課的重難點為:1.教學(xué)重點:區(qū)分限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句;關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞的用法。2.教學(xué)難點:判斷一個句子是否為定語從句;正確使用關(guān)系代詞及關(guān)系副詞。
本堂課的教學(xué)過程為:第一步:由2017年高考真題文章導(dǎo)入, 引起學(xué)生注意,進入本課主題。第二步:講解定語從句的定義時,1. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. 2. The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.3. The trip they took me on was a rough one. Definition: An attributive clause modifies a noun or pronoun right before it.給出例子,學(xué)生自己找出規(guī)律并總結(jié)定義,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生歸納能力。第三步:1. My brother who lives in New York has a baby. 2. My brother, who lives in New York, has a baby. Types: Defining attributive clauses限制性定語從句Non-defining attributive clauses非限制性定語從句Pay attention: we only use commas in non-defining attributive clauses and THAT is never allowed in this kind of clauses. Correct the sentence:In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. 講解定語從句的類型時,先給出例句,讓學(xué)生自主歸納,熟悉定語從句的類型并能夠進行區(qū)分;高考原題再現(xiàn),活學(xué)活用。第四步:The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. Features: 1. Antecedent(先行詞 n./pron.) 2. Relative word(關(guān)系詞)3.Relative word acts as a sentence constituent in the clause. (關(guān)系詞在從句中作成份)
1.The trip they took me on was a rough one.
2.The trip (that/which)they took me on was a rough one.
3.The trip on which they took me was a rough one.
4.The trip on that they took me was a rough one. ×
Pay attention: In an attributive clause, THAT can never be put behind a preposition, neither can WHO.
1.The news that came from the front was true.(定語從句)
2.The news that he won the game was true.(同位語從句)
講解定語從句的特征時,分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),總結(jié)其特征;利用例子說明關(guān)系代詞可省略的情況;運用定語從句三特征,判斷其是否為定語從句。第五步:Relative words(關(guān)系詞)1.Relative pronouns(關(guān)系代詞)who, whom, which, that, whose,as; 2. Relative adverbs(關(guān)系副詞) When = prep.(in,at,on,during...)+which. Where =prep.(in,at,on,under...)+which. Why = prep.(for)+which利用表格的形式,展示關(guān)系代詞以及關(guān)系副詞的用法。第六步:應(yīng)試策略How does the College Entrance Examination test us on the attributive clause? Generally, it tests us on the usage of relative words. Test-taking Tips: Step 1: To recognize an attributive clause. Step 2: To find the antecedent(a thing or a person). Step 3: To find the missing element in the clause. No subject/object/attributive→relative pronoun; No adverbial→relative adverb分析高考考點,支招解題步驟,以便學(xué)以致用。
本堂課的教學(xué)反思:1.本堂課緊扣考點,課堂素材均選自高考真題,具有一定代表性;2.本堂課主要采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)法,學(xué)生參與積極,體現(xiàn)了以學(xué)生為中心,充分發(fā)展了學(xué)生的自主探究能力;3.本堂課沒有完全包含定語從句的考點,如that與which的區(qū)別,as的用法等;4.本堂課尚未體現(xiàn)定語從句在書面表達的實際應(yīng)用的考查。