王道洋,關(guān)艷春,黃玉萍,馬續(xù)祥,周玉葉,李 瑩,縱曉英
(1.蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院第二附屬醫(yī)院 腎內(nèi)科,安徽 蚌埠 233040;2.蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院 兒科,安徽 蚌埠 233000)
·論著·
血清NGAL和胱抑素C檢測在造影劑腎病早期診斷中的價值
王道洋1,關(guān)艷春2,黃玉萍1,馬續(xù)祥1,周玉葉1,李 瑩1,縱曉英1
(1.蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院第二附屬醫(yī)院 腎內(nèi)科,安徽 蚌埠 233040;2.蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院 兒科,安徽 蚌埠 233000)
目的觀察經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入治療(PCI)術(shù)后血清中性粒細胞明膠酶相關(guān)脂質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白(NGAL)和胱抑素C(Cys-C)水平變化,探討二者在造影劑腎病(CIN)早期診斷中的價值。方法選擇冠心病支架置入術(shù)患者114例,以術(shù)后發(fā)生CIN患者12例為CIN組,以未發(fā)生CIN患者102例為非CIN組,測定兩組患者手術(shù)前后血肌酐(SCr)、Cys-C、 NGAL水平,并通過ROC曲線下面積(AUC)評估血清NGAL及Cys-C對早期CIN診斷的敏感度。結(jié)果CIN組血清NGAL在術(shù)后6小時開始上升(P=0.01),CIN組血清Cys-C在術(shù)后12小時開始上升(P<0.01)。CIN組術(shù)后12小時、24小時及48小時血NGAL和Cys-C高于非CIN組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01),但CIN組術(shù)后6小時SCr及Cys-C水平不高于非CIN組,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.46,P=0.67)。術(shù)后6小時NGAL、Cys-C及SCr的AUC分別為0.81,0.75,0.57;術(shù)后12小時NGAL、Cys-C及SCr的AUC分別為0.89,0.83,0.8;術(shù)后24小時NGAL、Cys-C及SCr的AUC分別為0.88,0.86,0.85;術(shù)后48小時NGAL、Cys-C及SCr的AUC分別為0.77,0.7,0.88。結(jié)論冠心病支架置入術(shù)患者術(shù)后血清NGAL、Cys-C水平能較早反應(yīng)腎功能變化,為CIN的早期診斷提供一定依據(jù)。
腎??;造影劑;中性粒細胞明膠酶相關(guān)脂質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白;胱抑素C
隨著現(xiàn)在醫(yī)學(xué)快速發(fā)展,介入技術(shù)已廣泛應(yīng)用于疾病的診斷及治療,但由此而引起的造影劑腎病(contrast induced nephropathy,CIN)也隨之增加,研究顯示CIN所致的急性腎損傷(acute kidney injury,AKI)占總數(shù)的11%,已經(jīng)成為醫(yī)源性AKI的第三大原因。目前主要依靠患者血肌酐(SCr)水平及患者尿量情況來診斷CIN,但SCr對于早期CIN診斷的敏感度及特異度低。因此如何早期診斷CIN顯得尤為重要。研究證實血中性粒細胞明膠酶相關(guān)脂質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運蛋白(NGAL)和胱抑素C(Cystatin C, Cys-C)在早期AKI診斷中優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的SCr[1-4]。本文通過檢測經(jīng)皮冠狀動脈介入治療(percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI)術(shù)后患者血NGAL和Cys-C水平,探討其在CIN早期診斷中的價值。
1.1病例選擇 收集2016年3月至2017年3月蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院第二附屬醫(yī)院接受PCI術(shù)患者114例,其中男58例,女56例,年齡(61.1±6.4)歲,患者均符合冠心病的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及冠狀動脈支架置入術(shù)的指征。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①存在腎前性、腎性及腎后性梗阻等病因所致的AKI;②術(shù)前2周使用腎毒性藥物或造影劑;③重度心力衰竭或其他臟器衰竭;④急性心肌梗死;⑤急性感染。CIN為血管內(nèi)注射含碘造影劑后72小時內(nèi),在排除其他病因的前提下,SCr水平升高0.5 mg/dl(44 μmol/L)或較基礎(chǔ)值升高25%。收集患者姓名、性別、年齡、基礎(chǔ)病、造影劑劑量和實驗室檢查。全部研究對象均簽署知情同意書,本研究經(jīng)蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院倫理委員會審議通過。
1.2研究方法
1.2.1主要試劑和儀器 生化儀器為日立全自動生化分析儀HITACHI7080,NGAL采用 ELISA 方法檢測,試劑來源:北京熱景生物技術(shù)有限公司,Cys-C采用免疫速率散射比濁法,試劑來源:安徽大千生物工程有限公司;SCr采用苦味酸速率法,試劑來源:安徽大千生物工程有限公司。
1.2.2標(biāo)本收集 所有受試對象均采集靜脈血5 ml,置于含EDTA抗凝管中,以4 000 r/min離心10分鐘,取1.5 ml血清置于無菌EP管中,做好標(biāo)記后存儲于-80 ℃冰箱,以備集中檢測,避免反復(fù)凍融。
1.2.3標(biāo)本檢測 血清NGAL水平用ELISA方法檢測,實驗步驟按試劑說明書進行操作,根據(jù)所檢測標(biāo)本的吸光度值計算出各個標(biāo)本相應(yīng)的NGAL水平。
2.1臨床資料 114例患者中12例發(fā)生CIN,發(fā)病率10.5%,男7例,女5例,年齡(63.2±5.8)歲;其中高血壓4例,糖尿病6例,高脂血癥2例。收集患者的性別,年齡,基礎(chǔ)病,造影劑劑量及住院天數(shù)。CIN組基礎(chǔ)病中糖尿病多見,住院時間更長;兩組高血壓、高脂血癥、造影劑劑量、入院時SCr、NGAL及CysC差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。見表1。
表1 兩組一般臨床資料比較
2.2PCI術(shù)后CIN與非CIN組不同時間點SCr,NGAL及Cys-C變化 與非CIN組相比,CIN組血清NGAL在術(shù)后6小時開始上升,CIN組血清Cys-C在術(shù)后12小時開始上升,術(shù)后12~24小時達到最高,術(shù)后48小時血NGAL和Cys-C開始下降。CIN組術(shù)后12小時、24小時及48小時血NGAL和Cys-C高于非CIN組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),但CIN組術(shù)后6小時SCr水平及Cys-C不高于非CIN組,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.46,P=0.67)。見表2。
表2 兩組手術(shù)前后不同時間點SCr、NGAL和Cys-C水平比較
組別例數(shù)CysC(mg/L)0h6h12h24h48hCIN組 120.95±0.151.25±0.171.95±1.092.01±1.101.23±0.08非CIN組1020.97±0.231.04±0.231.01±0.261.04±0.231.03±0.26組間F=121.682 P=0.000時點間F=24.814 P=0.000組間·時點間F=22.398 P=0.000
2.3PCI術(shù)后不同時間點血清NGAL、Cys-C及肌酐的ROC曲線下面積(AUC) 為判斷PCI術(shù)后不同時間點血清NGAL、Cys-C及SCr對CIN診斷的敏感度及特異度,以CIN患者的檢測結(jié)果為分界點,分別計算出PCI術(shù)后不同時間點血清NGAL、Cys-C及SCr的AUC。術(shù)后6小時NGAL、Cys-C及SCr的AUC分別為0.81,0.75,0.57;術(shù)后12小時NGAL、Cys-C及SCr的AUC分別為0.89,0.83,0.8;術(shù)后24小時NGAL、Cys-C及SCr的AUC分別為0.88,0.86,0.85;術(shù)后48小時NGAL、Cys-C及SCr的AUC分別為0.77,0.7,0.88;PCI術(shù)后6小時,12小時,24小時血清NGAL、Cys-C的AUC值比SCr的AUC值大,48小時后PCI術(shù)后血清NGAL、Cys-C的AUC值比SCr的AUC值小。根據(jù)MedCalc 11.5.1.0對不同時間點ROC曲線進行分析,NGAL在術(shù)后12小時,24小時兩個時間點的特異度和敏感度最高。見表3。
表3 PCI術(shù)后不同時間點血清NGAL、Cys-C及SCr的AUC
注:術(shù)后6小時SCr與NGAL的 ROC曲線對比差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.040);SCr與CysC、CysC與NGAL的 ROC曲線對比差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.066,P=0.690);術(shù)后12小時SCr與NGAL;SCr與CysC、CysC與NGAL的 ROC曲線對比差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.286,P=0.609,P=0.396);術(shù)后24小時SCr與NGAL;SCr與CysC、CysC與NGAL的 ROC曲線對比差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.750,P=0.991,P=0.752);術(shù)后48小時SCr與CysC的 ROC曲線對比差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.0199);SCr與NGAL、CysC與NGAL的 ROC曲線對比差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P=0.146,P=0.499)
臨床診斷CIN主要依靠SCr水平變化,但SCr的敏感度差無法對早期CIN做出診斷,尋找能夠診斷早期CIN的生物標(biāo)記物顯得尤為重要。NGAL作為脂質(zhì)運載蛋白家族成員之一,廣泛分布于機體各組織,如支氣管、胃腸、腎小管等。NGAL可誘導(dǎo)腎臟祖細胞向腎小管上皮細胞分化,以修復(fù)、再生受損的腎小管上皮細胞,當(dāng)腎小管受損時血中NGAL水平升高促進腎小管修復(fù)和再生。 在AKI患者中證實血清中NGAL水平顯著升高,并隨腎功能恢復(fù)后又下降至正常,這些研究顯示血清NGAL水平能夠作為AKI早期診斷標(biāo)記物[5-7]。CIN已成為院內(nèi)獲得性AKI常見病因之一,NGAL能否應(yīng)用于CIN的早期診斷?研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在CIN鼠模型血和組織中NGAL在CIN發(fā)生2小時后升高,而SCr則在48后才升高[8];兒童CIN患者在造影劑應(yīng)用2小時后,血清中NGAL即出現(xiàn)升高,而SCr則在12~24小時才出現(xiàn)升高。有研究顯示發(fā)生CIN患者術(shù)后8小時即可出現(xiàn)NGAL升高,而SCr則在術(shù)后24小時升高,ROC曲線顯示血和尿NGAL敏感度和特異度均較高分別達0.995,0.992[9]。多個系統(tǒng)評價顯示血清或尿液中NGAL水平對CIN早期診斷的特異度及敏感度均較高[10-11]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)與對照組相比,CIN組NGAL在介入手術(shù)后6小時開始升高[12]。Filiopoulos 等[13]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在醫(yī)院CT造影所致的CIN中,血漿NGAL在造影后6小時開始升高。以上這些研究顯示血清NGAL較SCr診斷早期CIN更為敏感。本研究亦證實與非CIN組相比,CIN組血清NGAL在術(shù)后6小時開始上升,CIN組血Cys-C在術(shù)后12小時開始上升,二者術(shù)后12~24小時達到最高,術(shù)后48小時后血NGAL和Cys-C開始下降;CIN組術(shù)后6小時SCr上升不明顯。
CysC是一種相對分子質(zhì)量為13 300的堿性非糖化蛋白質(zhì),能自由通過腎小球濾過膜,腎小管不分泌CysC,在近曲小管重吸收和降解,不再重回血液,因此通過檢測Cys-C水平判斷腎小球及腎小管損傷情況。臨床研究和薈萃分析證實血清CysC在急、慢性腎功能損傷都具有良好的靈敏性和特異度[14-17]。目前Cys-C已應(yīng)用于臨床,用急慢性腎功能衰竭的早期診斷。但Cys-C對早期CIN的診斷存在爭議。有研究顯示Cys-C升高超過基礎(chǔ)值5%,對CIN長期不良預(yù)后有良好的預(yù)測作用[18]。兒童CIN研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用造影劑后6小時先出現(xiàn)血NGAL水平升高,24小時后才出現(xiàn)Cys-C上升,因此在使用造影劑后的第1個24小時內(nèi)血NGAL和Cys-C均是升高的[19]。國內(nèi)學(xué)者研究發(fā)現(xiàn)接受PCI術(shù)患者血清Cys-C水平升高對早期CIN的診斷有良好的預(yù)測價值[20]。Alharazy等[2]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)血清NGAL和Cys-C比SCr提前24小時診斷早期CIN。但Cecchi等[21]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)老年患者PCI術(shù)后血清和尿液中NGAL水平未見明顯升高,反而是Cys-C明顯升高。本研究顯示PCI術(shù)后6小時,12小時,24小時血清NGAL、Cys-C的AUC均是最大的,因此,Cys-C是早期診斷CIN的較好指標(biāo),但術(shù)后48小時血Cys-C水平下降比較快。
綜上所述,通過對血NGAL、Cys-C的檢測為CIN的早期診斷提供一定依據(jù),尤其是NGAL與CysC等標(biāo)志物聯(lián)合檢測,可提高診斷的特異度及敏感度。但考慮CIN的發(fā)生受到原發(fā)病、年齡、造影劑用量等因素影響,本研究樣本量不夠大且為單中心研究,需要擴大樣本量進一步探討血NGAL及Cys-C在CIN早期診斷中的作用。
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PredictivevalueofserumneutrophilgelationaseassociatedlipocalinandCys-Cinearlydiagnosisofcontrastinducednephropathy
Wang Daoyang1,Guan Yanchun2, Huang Yuping1, Ma Xuxiang1, Zhou Yuye1, Li Ying1, Zong Xiaoying1
1.DepartmentofNephropathy,theSecondAffiliatedHospitalofBengbuMedicalCollege,Bengbu233040,China;2.DepartmentofPedidtrics,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofBengbuMedicalCollege,Bengbu233000,China
ZongXiaoying,Email:zhangzongshuomw@163.com
ObjectiveTo investigate the value of combined detection of serum neutrophil gelationase associated lipocalin(NGAL) and Cystatin C(Cys-C)in predicting the contrast induced nephropathy(CIN) after percutaneous coronary intervention.MethodsA total of 114 patients with suspected coronary heart disease underwent PCI were included. The patients were divided into two groups: CIN (12 cases) and non-CIN (102 cases). The level of SCr, CysC and NGAL were measured before and after operation. The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to assess the sensitivity of NGAL and Cys-C in early diagnosis of CIN.ResultsThe serum NGAL of CIN was significantly higher than that of non-CIN at 6 hours after operation(P=0.01). The serum Cys-C of CIN was significantly higher than that of non-CIN at 12 hours after operation (P<0.01). The serum NGAL and Cys-C of CIN were significantly higher than those of non-CIN at 12 hours,24 hours,48 hours after operation(P<0.01). However, the serum SCr and Cys-C of CIN were not significantly higher than those of non-CIN at 6 hours after operation(P=0.46,P=0.67). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of NGAL,Cys-C and SCr were 0.81,0.75 and 0.57 at 6 hours after operation. The AUC of NGAL,Cys-C and SCr were 0.89,0.83 and 0.8 at 12 hours after operation. The AUC of NGAL,Cys-C and SCr were 0.88,0.86 and 0.85 at 24 hours after operation. The AUC of NGAL,Cys-C and SCr were 0.77,0.7 and 0.88 at 48 hours after operation.ConclusionFor patients with coronary heart disease after PCI, serum NGAL and Cys-C levels can early reflect the kidney function and give an early prediction of CIN.
nephrosis; contrast media; neutrophil gelationase associated lipocalin; cystatin C
蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院科技發(fā)展基金自然重點項目(Bykf13A21)
縱曉英,Email: zhangzongshuomw@163.com
R692
A
1004-583X(2017)12-1061-04
10.3969/j.issn.1004-583X.2017.12.011
2017-10-11 編輯:張衛(wèi)國