劉子暢
(商丘市第一人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,河南 商丘 476100)
經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈與股動(dòng)脈行PCI術(shù)治療高齡冠心病臨床效果及安全性對(duì)比
劉子暢
(商丘市第一人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科,河南 商丘 476100)
目的 探討經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈與股動(dòng)脈行PCI術(shù)治療高齡冠心病的臨床效果及安全性。方法 選擇2015年8月~2016年8月商丘市第一人民醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科收治的高齡冠心病患者50例作為研究對(duì)象,將所有患者隨機(jī)分為觀察組與對(duì)照組,各25例。對(duì)照組行股動(dòng)脈PCT術(shù)治療,觀察組行橈動(dòng)脈PCT術(shù)治療,比較兩組臨床治療效果與不良事件發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果 兩組治療總有效率相比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組不良事件發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈與股動(dòng)脈行PCI術(shù)治療高齡冠心病臨床療效相當(dāng),但行橈動(dòng)脈PCT術(shù)治療不良事件發(fā)生率低于行股動(dòng)脈PCT術(shù)治療。
高齡冠心?。粯飫?dòng)脈;股動(dòng)脈;PCI術(shù);安全性
行PCI術(shù)治療是目前臨床應(yīng)對(duì)冠心病患者的重要應(yīng)用手段,橈動(dòng)脈與股動(dòng)脈則為最常見(jiàn)的入路選擇,兩種途徑對(duì)于老年冠心病患者的治療均有各自的優(yōu)勢(shì)與不足[1]。本研究旨在探討經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈與股動(dòng)脈行PCI術(shù)治療高齡冠心病臨床效果及安全性。具體信息如下。
選擇2015年8月~2016年8月我院收治的高齡冠心病患者50例,將所有患者隨機(jī)分為兩組,每組各25例。觀察組中男13例,女12例;年齡73-89歲,平均年齡(81.04±2.25)歲。對(duì)照組中男14例,女11例;年齡72~88歲,平均年齡(80.69±2.21)歲。兩組患者一般資料相比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可對(duì)比性。
對(duì)照組行股動(dòng)脈PCT術(shù)治療,將股動(dòng)脈搏動(dòng)最強(qiáng)處定為穿刺位置,待穿刺成功后,置入7F動(dòng)脈鞘管,并對(duì)患者實(shí)施左冠狀動(dòng)脈造影,同時(shí)根據(jù)冠狀動(dòng)脈病變與造影時(shí)操作情況選擇適當(dāng)導(dǎo)引鋼絲、導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)管、支架及球囊,確定造影結(jié)果正常后進(jìn)行拔鞘,并在局部按壓20 min左右,若短暫松開(kāi)后觀察無(wú)出血現(xiàn)象,將穿刺處使用無(wú)菌紗布進(jìn)行多層覆蓋,最后使用繃帶加壓髖關(guān)節(jié)并呈“8”字形狀包扎12~24 h。觀察組行橈動(dòng)脈PCT術(shù)治療,將橈骨莖突上方1~2 cm搏動(dòng)最強(qiáng)處定為穿刺點(diǎn),待穿刺成功后,置入6F動(dòng)脈鞘管,并對(duì)患者實(shí)施左冠狀動(dòng)脈造影,同時(shí)根據(jù)冠狀動(dòng)脈病變與造影時(shí)操作情況選擇適當(dāng)導(dǎo)引鋼絲、導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)管、支架及球囊,術(shù)后經(jīng)鞘予以硝酸甘油(山東威高藥業(yè)有限公司,國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20051368)200 μg,確定造影結(jié)果正常后進(jìn)行拔鞘,最終在局部進(jìn)行加壓包扎4~6 h。
①療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[2]:顯效:未發(fā)生心律失常等并發(fā)癥,術(shù)后冠狀動(dòng)脈血管狹窄<20%;有效:未發(fā)生心律失常等并發(fā)癥,但術(shù)后冠狀動(dòng)脈血管狹窄20%~50%;無(wú)效:患者出現(xiàn)惡心、嘔吐、心律失常等并發(fā)癥,術(shù)后冠狀動(dòng)脈血管狹窄≥50%??傆行?顯效率+有效率。②觀察并比較兩組不良事件發(fā)生情況,包括圍術(shù)期大(小)出血、術(shù)后1年內(nèi)發(fā)生不良心血管事件等。
采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)量資料以“±s”表示,采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以百分?jǐn)?shù)(%),例(n)表示,采用x2檢驗(yàn);以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
兩組治療總有效率相比,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
表1 兩組臨床療效對(duì)比 [n(%)]
觀察組不良事件發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
表2 兩組不良事件發(fā)生情況對(duì)比 [n(%)]
臨床對(duì)于冠心病患者的治療多采用介入治療手段,且隨著介入治療技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展與完善,經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈與股動(dòng)脈行PCI術(shù)治療成為冠心病患者常用治療方案。有相關(guān)研究表明,較經(jīng)股動(dòng)脈,經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈行PCI術(shù)治療發(fā)生大出血事件的可能性明顯較低,但對(duì)于高齡患者來(lái)說(shuō),因外周血管扭曲較嚴(yán)重,常伴有鈣化情況[3]。因此,采用何種途徑治療仍存有異議。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,兩組臨床治療有效率無(wú)明顯差異,觀察組不良事件發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組,表明兩組臨床療效相當(dāng),但經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈行PCI術(shù)治療不良事件發(fā)生率更低,安全性較高。究其原因在于行股動(dòng)脈PCT術(shù)治療時(shí),因解剖部位較深,且股神經(jīng)與股靜脈處于平衡狀態(tài),極易損傷神經(jīng)或血管,進(jìn)而產(chǎn)生諸多并發(fā)癥與不良事件。而經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈行PCI術(shù)治療可有效降低外周血管并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,使患者更容易接受,但值得注意的是,因部分患者存在橈動(dòng)脈細(xì)小或扭曲現(xiàn)象,治療難度較大,因此在治療前需做好術(shù)前評(píng)估工作,并加用適當(dāng)可提高血管活性藥物進(jìn)行輔助治療,以減少橈動(dòng)脈痙攣發(fā)生的可能。
綜上所述,對(duì)于高齡冠心病患者,采用經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈與股動(dòng)脈行PCI術(shù)治療,均可產(chǎn)生較滿意的臨床治療效果,但在減少不良事件發(fā)生方面經(jīng)橈動(dòng)脈行PCI術(shù)治療更具優(yōu)勢(shì)。
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Comparison of clinical effect and safety of transradial approach and femoral artery in the treatment of elderly patients with coronary heart disease
LIU Zi-chang
(Department of cardiology, first people's hospital of Shangqiu city,Henan Shangqiu 476100,China)
ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect and safety of transradial and femoral arterial PCI in the treatment of elderly patients with coronary heart disease.MethodsFifty elderly patients with coronary heart disease admitted from Department of Cardiology, First People's Hospital of Shangqiu City from August 2015 to August 2016 were selected as the study subjects. All patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 25 cases in each group.In the control group, the femoral artery was treated with PCT, and the observation group was treated with radial artery PCT.The clinical effects and adverse events were compared between the two groups.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the total effective rate between the two groups (P>0.05). The incidence of adverse events in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionThe clinical effect of transradial and femoral artery PCI for the treatment of elderly patients with coronary heart disease is comparable, but the incidence of adverse events treated with radial artery PCT is lower than that of the femoral artery treated with PCT.
Elderly coronary heart disease;Radial artery;Femoral artery;PCI
R541.4
A
ISSN.2095-6681.2017.29.7.02
李 豆