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貝前列素鈉對(duì)左心疾病相關(guān)性肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者的影響

2018-01-05 04:27:08石金錚耿鶴群史劍鋒李月琴李方江李會(huì)賢
實(shí)用心腦肺血管病雜志 2017年11期
關(guān)鍵詞:素鈉左心肺動(dòng)脈

石金錚,耿鶴群,史劍鋒,李月琴,魏 娟,李方江,徐 濤,李會(huì)賢

貝前列素鈉對(duì)左心疾病相關(guān)性肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者的影響

石金錚1,耿鶴群2,史劍鋒1,李月琴1,魏 娟1,李方江1,徐 濤1,李會(huì)賢1

目的探討貝前列素鈉對(duì)左心疾病相關(guān)性肺動(dòng)脈高壓(PH-LHD)患者的影響。方法選取2015年1月—2017年1月河北北方學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院收治的PH-LHD患者100例,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組50例。對(duì)照組患者給予常規(guī)、對(duì)癥支持治療,觀察組患者在此基礎(chǔ)上給予貝前列素鈉治療。比較兩組患者治療前后血清白介素18(IL-18)、B型利鈉肽(BNP)水平,世界衛(wèi)生組織肺動(dòng)脈高壓功能分級(jí)(WHO-FC)、肺動(dòng)脈收縮壓(PASP)、動(dòng)脈血氧分壓(PaO2)及6分鐘步行距離(6MWD),并記錄兩組患者治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果治療前兩組患者血清IL-18、BNP水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后觀察組患者血清IL-18、BNP水平低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。治療后兩組患者血清IL-18、BNP水平低于治療前(P<0.05)。治療前兩組患者WHO-FC比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后觀察組患者WHO-FC優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。治療前兩組患者PASP、PaO2比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后觀察組患者PASP低于對(duì)照組,PaO2高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。治療后兩組患者PASP低于治療前,PaO2高于治療前(P<0.05)。治療前兩組患者6MWD比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后觀察組患者6MWD長(zhǎng)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。治療后兩組患者6MWD長(zhǎng)于治療前(P<0.05)。治療期間,兩組患者出現(xiàn)的不良反應(yīng)均能耐受。結(jié)論貝前列素鈉可有效降低PH-LHD患者血清IL-18、BNP水平,改善患者心功能及臨床癥狀,提高患者運(yùn)動(dòng)耐量,且安全性較高。

高血壓,肺性;貝前列素鈉;治療結(jié)果

左心疾病相關(guān)性肺動(dòng)脈高壓(pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease,PH-LHD)是由左心收縮、舒張功能障礙和/或左心瓣膜病引起的肺動(dòng)脈高壓(pulmonary hypertension,PH),其病理生理特征為左心充盈壓升高、肺靜脈回流受阻、肺靜脈壓力升高。左心疾病是導(dǎo)致PH的常見原因之一,近年來高血壓和缺血性心臟病引起的左心室舒張功能不全成為該類PH的常見病因,且多數(shù)慢性心力衰竭患者可能合并PH而導(dǎo)致病死率升高[1-2]。

前列環(huán)素(PGI2)是一類強(qiáng)烈的肺血管擴(kuò)張劑,主要由血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,其可改善PH-LHD患者的血流動(dòng)力學(xué)狀態(tài)。貝前列素鈉為PGI2的衍生物,是花生四烯酸連鎖反應(yīng)的最終產(chǎn)物,具有強(qiáng)力抗血小板凝集和擴(kuò)張血管作用[3]。相關(guān)研究表明,PH患者的血清白介素1β(IL-1β)水平高低與預(yù)后不良及PGI2密切相關(guān)[4]。白介素18(interleukin-18,IL-18)作為白介素1(IL-1)家族成員之一,也是一種促炎性細(xì)胞因子,主要由IL-1β轉(zhuǎn)化酶的分裂激活產(chǎn)生。張照奇等[4]研究結(jié)果顯示,IL-18水平在肺血管病變中起到重要作用。本研究旨在探討貝前列素鈉對(duì)PH-LHD患者的影響,為臨床提供參考。

1 資料與方法

1.1 納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)合并左心疾病(心功能不全等);(2)合并肺動(dòng)脈高壓〔靜息狀態(tài)下肺動(dòng)脈收縮壓(PASP)>30 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)、肺動(dòng)脈平均壓(mPAP)20 mm Hg或者運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)下mPAP>30 mm Hg〕;(3)年齡18~65歲;(4)體質(zhì)指數(shù)為18.5~23.9 kg/m2。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)合并惡性腫瘤者;(2)合并嚴(yán)重肝、腎功能不全者;(3)合并感染性疾病、自身免疫系統(tǒng)疾病者;(4)近6個(gè)月內(nèi)有手術(shù)史者;(5)有慢性阻塞性肺疾病等其他心、肺疾病者;(6)有腦卒中、腦出血等重大顱腦疾病者;(7)有使用PGI2類藥物、內(nèi)皮素受體拮抗劑者;(8)急性肺血管反應(yīng)試驗(yàn)陽(yáng)性者;(9)治療期間轉(zhuǎn)院、放棄治療、不配合治療者。

1.2 一般資料 選取2015年1月—2017年1月河北北方學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院收治的PH-LHD患者100例。診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):靜息時(shí)mPAP升高≥25 mm Hg且肺毛細(xì)血管楔壓升高>15 mm Hg。采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將所有患者分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組50例。兩組患者性別、年齡、體質(zhì)指數(shù)、既往史、基礎(chǔ)疾病比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05,見表1),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審核批準(zhǔn),所有患者均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。

表1 兩組患者一般資料比較

注:a為t值

1.3 治療方法 兩組患者均給予常規(guī)治療,包括β-受體阻滯劑、利尿劑、血管緊張素轉(zhuǎn)換酶抵制劑/血管緊張素Ⅱ受體拮抗劑(ACEI/ARB)類藥物、米力農(nóng)〔0.5 μg·kg-1·min-1,持續(xù)靜脈滴注,治療5 d〕,同時(shí)給予吸氧、抗凝等對(duì)癥支持治療。觀察組患者在此基礎(chǔ)上給予貝前列素鈉(北京泰德制藥股份有限公司生產(chǎn),國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20083589)治療,20 μg/次,3次/d,逐漸加量至40 μg/次,3次/d,口服,共治療20 d。

1.4 觀察指標(biāo) (1)分別于治療前后采集兩組患者靜脈血5 ml,3 000 r/min離心10 min,取上層血清,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)檢測(cè)血清白介素18(IL-18)、B型利鈉肽(BNP)水平,試劑盒購(gòu)自通蔚試劑(上海)有限公司。(2)采用世界衛(wèi)生組織肺動(dòng)脈高壓功能分級(jí)(WHO-FC)評(píng)價(jià)兩組患者治療前后癥狀的嚴(yán)重程度。其中Ⅰ級(jí):體力活動(dòng)不受限,日常體力活動(dòng)不會(huì)導(dǎo)致氣促、乏力、胸痛或黑蒙;Ⅱ級(jí):體力活動(dòng)輕度受限,休息時(shí)無不適,但日常體力活動(dòng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致氣促、乏力、胸痛或近乎暈厥;Ⅲ級(jí):體力活動(dòng)明顯受限,休息時(shí)無不適,但輕微日常活動(dòng)即導(dǎo)致氣促、乏力、胸痛或近乎暈厥;Ⅳ級(jí):無法進(jìn)行任何體力活動(dòng),存在右心衰竭表現(xiàn),靜息時(shí)存在氣促、乏力,任何活動(dòng)均可加重癥狀。(3)采用心臟超聲檢測(cè)兩組患者治療前后PASP。(4)采用GEM Premier 4000 全自動(dòng)血?dú)夥治鰞x(生產(chǎn)商:Instrumentation Laboratory CO.)檢測(cè)兩組患者治療前后動(dòng)脈血氧分壓(PaO2)。(5)采用6分鐘步行距離(6MWD)評(píng)價(jià)兩組患者治療前后活動(dòng)耐量,6MWD步行距離越長(zhǎng)表明患者活動(dòng)耐量越好;(6)記錄兩組患者治療期間不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 血清IL-18、BNP水平 治療前兩組患者血清IL-18、BNP水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后觀察組患者血清IL-18、BNP水平低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后兩組患者血清IL-18、BNP水平低于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表2)。

表2 兩組患者治療前后血清IL-18、BNP水平比較

注:IL-18=白介素18,BNP=B型利鈉肽

2.2 WHO-FC 治療前兩組患者WHO-FC比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(u=0.161,P=0.688);治療后觀察組患者WHO-FC優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(u=6.667,P=0.036,見表3)。

表3 兩組患者治療前后WHO-FC比較〔n(%)〕

Table3 Comparison of WHO-FC between the two groups before and after treatment

組別例數(shù)治療前治療后Ⅰ級(jí)Ⅱ級(jí)Ⅲ級(jí)Ⅰ級(jí)Ⅱ級(jí)Ⅲ級(jí)觀察組50028(56 0)22(44 0)12(24 0)28(56 0)10(20 0)對(duì)照組50026(52 0)24(48 0)3(6 0)32(64 0)15(30 0)

注:WHO-FC=世界衛(wèi)生組織肺動(dòng)脈高壓功能分級(jí)

2.3 PASP、PaO2治療前兩組患者PASP、PaO2比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后觀察組患者PASP低于對(duì)照組,PaO2高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后兩組患者PASP低于治療前,PaO2高于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表4)。

表4 兩組患者治療前后PASP、PaO2比較

注:PASP=肺動(dòng)脈收縮壓,PaO2=動(dòng)脈血氧分壓

2.4 6MWD 治療前兩組患者6MWD比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后觀察組患者6MWD長(zhǎng)于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后兩組患者6MWD長(zhǎng)于治療前,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,見表5)。

Table5 Comparison of 6-minute walking distance between the two groups before and after treatment

組別例數(shù)治療前治療后t值P值對(duì)照組50299 80±90 34346 12±101 542 3990 018觀察組50301 15±89 82392 45±111 024 289<0 001t值0 2302 067P值0 8180 041

2.5 不良反應(yīng) 治療期間,兩組患者出現(xiàn)的不良反應(yīng)均能耐受,且未予特殊處理后自行好轉(zhuǎn)。

3 討論

PH-LHD是中老年人常見疾病,主要病理機(jī)制是小動(dòng)脈中膜增厚、纖維化和炎性浸潤(rùn)等,且PH還可增加右心負(fù)擔(dān),進(jìn)而出現(xiàn)右心功能衰竭,最終導(dǎo)致患者預(yù)后不良。此外,肺部炎性浸潤(rùn)在PH的發(fā)病中起到重要作用。IL-18可通過誘導(dǎo)T細(xì)胞、自然殺傷(NK)細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生大量炎性因子[5-8],研究表明,血清IL-18水平升高與肺血管病變密切相關(guān)[9-11]。既往研究結(jié)果顯示,PGI2類藥物、內(nèi)皮素受體拮抗劑可有效改善PH患者肺血管痙攣、內(nèi)皮素功能失調(diào)等,且可提高患者生存率[12-14]。但目前多數(shù)靶向藥物價(jià)格昂貴,部分患者因經(jīng)濟(jì)條件差而無法長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持治療。

貝前列素鈉相較其他藥物而言,其價(jià)格較為經(jīng)濟(jì),已在多個(gè)國(guó)家被批準(zhǔn)用于PH的治療。貝前列素鈉是PGI2的衍生物,可通過血小板、血管平滑肌等受體激活腺苷酸環(huán)化酶、抑制Ca2+流入及血栓素A2生成,進(jìn)而發(fā)揮抗血小板和擴(kuò)張血管的作用。SAKAO等[15]研究結(jié)果顯示,貝前列素鈉可有效改善PH患者遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后。ISHIHARA等[16]動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,貝前列素鈉可有效降低實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物肺動(dòng)脈壓力。

本研究結(jié)果顯示,治療后觀察組患者血清IL-18、BNP水平低于對(duì)照組表明貝前列素鈉可有效降低PH-LHD患者炎性因子水平。本研究結(jié)果還顯示,治療后觀察組患者WHO-FC優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,PASP低于對(duì)照組,PaO2高于對(duì)照組,6MWD長(zhǎng)于對(duì)照組,表明貝前列素鈉可有效改善PH-LHD患者心功能及臨床癥狀,提高活動(dòng)耐量。此外,治療期間,兩組患者不良反應(yīng)均能耐受未予特殊處理,表明貝前列素鈉治療PH-LHD患者的安全性較高。

綜上所述,貝前列素鈉可有效降低PH-LHD患者血清IL-18、BNP水平,改善患者心功能及臨床癥狀,提高患者運(yùn)動(dòng)耐量,且安全性較高。但本研究樣本量較小,結(jié)果結(jié)論有待大樣本量、多中心的臨床對(duì)照研究進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。

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ImpactofBeraprostSodiumonPatientswithPulmonaryHypertensionDuetoLeftHeartDisease

SHIJin-zheng1,GENGHe-qun2,SHIJian-feng1,LIYue-qin1,WEIJuan1,LIFang-jiang1,XUTao1,LIHui-xian1

1.DepartmentofCardiology,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofHebeiNorthUniversity,Zhangjiakou075000,China2.CTCenter,theFirstAffiliatedHospitalofHebeiNorthUniversity,Zhangjiakou075000,China

ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of beraprost sodium on patients with pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease.MethodsA total of 100 patients with pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease were selected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from January 2015 to January 2017,and they were divided into control group and observation group according to random number table,each of 50 cases.Patients of control group

conventional,symptomatic and supportive treatment,while patients of observation group received beraprost sodium based on that of control group.Serum levels of IL-18 and BNP,WHO-FC,PASP,PaO2and 6-minute walking distance before and after treatment were compared between the two groups,and incidence of adverse reactions was observed during the treatment.ResultsNo statistically significant differences of serum level of IL-18 or BNP was found between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05),while serum level of IL-18 and BNP in observation group were statistically significantly lower that those in control group(P<0.05).After treatment,serum levels of IL-18 and BNP in the two groups were statistically significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of WHO-FC was found between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05),while WHO-FC in observation group was statistically significantly better than that in control group after treatment(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of PASP or PaO2was found between the two groups before treatment(P>0.05);after treatment,PASP in observation group was statistically significantly lower than that in control group,while PaO2in observation group was statistically significantly higher than that in control group(P<0.05).After treatment,PASP in the two groups was statistically significantly lower than that before treatment,respectively,while PaO2in the two groups was statistically significantly higher than that before treatment,respectively(P<0.05).No statistically significant differences of 6-minute walking distance was found between the two groups(P>0.05),while 6-minute walking distance in observation group was statistically significantly longer than that in control group(P<0.05).After treatment,6-minute walking distance in the two groups was statistically significantly longer than that before treatment,respectively(P<0.05).During the treatment,adverse reactions in the two groups were tolerated.ConclusionBeraprost sodium can effectively reduce the serum levels of IL-18 and BNP in patients with pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease,improve the cardiac function and exercise tolerance,relieve the clinical symptoms,with relatively high safety.

Hypertension,pulmonary;Beraprost sodium;Treatment outcome

2016年度河北省醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)研究重點(diǎn)課題計(jì)劃(20160037)

1.075000河北省張家口市,河北北方學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科

2.075000河北省張家口市,河北北方學(xué)院附屬第一醫(yī)院CT中心

R 544

B

10.3969/j.issn.1008-5971.2017.11.027

石金錚,耿鶴群,史劍鋒,等.貝前列素鈉對(duì)左心疾病相關(guān)性肺動(dòng)脈高壓患者的影響[J].實(shí)用心腦肺血管病雜志,2017,25(11):96-99.[www.syxnf.net]

SHI J Z,GENG H Q,SHI J F,et al.Impact of beraprost sodium on patients with pulmonary hypertension due to left heart disease[J].Practical Journal of Cardiac Cerebral Pneumal and Vascular Disease,2017,25(11):96-99.

2017-7-20;

2017-10-20)

李偉)

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