四川

（作者單位：四川省會理第一中學(xué)金江書院校區(qū)）

縱觀歷年來的高考英語試題，筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)命題人十分重視對動詞短語的考查。本文通過對高考試題的仔細分析和反復(fù)研究，列出了30個熱點動詞短語，并介紹其在高考單項填空和完形填空試題中的直接考查次數(shù)、在選項中用作干擾項出現(xiàn)的次數(shù)、已考義項（附高考試題）以及待考義項(附例句)，以期增強同學(xué)們的備考針對性和提高備考效率。

1.appeal to 已考義項：吸引、引起興趣。

【考題回顧】We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal to our emotions than for straight facts.（2015 ?浙江卷11）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查3次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)3次。待考義項：懇求、懇請。

例句：At Christmas people appealed to us to help the poor.

2.break down 已考義項：①（情緒）崩潰、垮掉 ；②消除、拆除；③機器出故障、汽車拋錨；④劃分句子結(jié)構(gòu)；⑤（談判、計劃）破裂或失敗。

【考題回顧】①He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a cake for his mother and some seeds for his bird.That was why he had bought the papers with all his money.He broke down as he thought of his failure to sell all his papers.（2015 ?湖北卷34，35）

②The two countries are going to meet to break down some barriers to trade between them.（2014 ?天津卷13）

③Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks break down in disasters.（2013 ?福建卷28）

④To understand the grammar of the sentence, you must break it down into parts.（2005 ?湖北卷24）

⑤News reports say peace talks between the two countries have broken down with no agreement reached.（2003 ?全國卷31）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查10次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)7次。待考義項：①（化學(xué)）分解；②身體衰弱。

例句：①Sugar and starch（淀粉） are broken down in the stomach.

②Peter broke down and was unable to work for a year.

3.bring out 已考義項：①使顯現(xiàn)、使表現(xiàn)出；②解釋、說明。

【考題回顧】①Working with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a doctor.（2017 ?江蘇卷25）

②Can you make a sentence to bring out the meaning of the phrase? （2002 ?上海卷50）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查4次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)4次。待考義項：①拿出；②生產(chǎn)某物；③出版。

例句：①The boy brought out his knife and cut a piece of bread in two.

②The makers are bringing out a new kind of soap.

③The band have just brought out their second album.

4.build up 已考義項：①逐步增加、積累；②增強（體質(zhì)）。

【考題回顧】①Bears build up fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.（2013 ?浙江卷17）

②Practising Chinesekung fucan not only build up one’s strength, but also develop one’s character.（2009 ?浙江卷16）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查3次；待考義項：宣揚、吹捧。

例句：The company spent a great deal of money building up its new movie.

5.come across 已考義項：偶遇。

【考題回顧】Is this your necklace, Mary? I came across it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning.（2014 ?湖北卷26）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查5次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)8次。待考義項：①被理解或接受；②穿過、越過。

例句：①He spoke for a long time, but his meaning didn’t really come across.

②Be careful when you come across the street.

6.come along 已考義項：到來。

【考題回顧】Would you like to come along with us to the film tonight? （2013 ?全國Ⅱ卷22）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查2次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)2次。待考義項：①快點；②出現(xiàn)、發(fā)生；③取得進展。

例句：①Come along or we’ll miss the train.

②When the right opportunity comes along, he will take it.

③His work is coming along well.

7.come out 已考義項：①出現(xiàn)、出來；②出版。

【考題回顧】①As spring went and summer came,Mildred started to come out more and more often.（2014 ?四川卷23）

②The dictionary is being printed and it will soon come out.（2005 ?福建卷27）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查4次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)6次。待考義項：（消息）傳出、（真相）大白。

例句：When the news came out, everyone was shocked.

8.cut down 已考義項：削減、減少。

【考題回顧】Then I asked him if he had cut down the amount of feed he had given the chickens.（2016年10月 ?浙江卷48）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查2次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)3次。待考義項：砍倒。

例句：It was wrong to cut down the old tree dating back to 1893, whatever the reason is.

9.deal with 已考義項：處理、對付。

【考題回顧】Whatever failures I suffer in my life, an ironed shirt tells me I am good at something.Besides, through ironing I’ve learned the method for solving even the most troublesome problems.“Deal with wrinkles one at a time,”as Mom might have said, “and before long everything will get ironed out.”（2014 ?湖南卷46，47）

例句： This is a book dealing with West Africa.

10.get over 已考義項：①克服、解決 ；②從（疾病、震驚）中恢復(fù)常態(tài)。

【考題回顧】①Team leaders must ensure that all members get over their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.（2013 ?江蘇卷29）

②It was not a serious illness, and she soon got over it.（2004 ?天津卷33 ）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查4次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)9次。待考義項：做完或結(jié)束。

例句：I am very glad to get the examinations over.

11.get through 已考義項：①渡過難關(guān)；②打通電話；③處理、解決；④完成（工作）；⑤通過、穿過。

【考題回顧】①I was required to read one of Bernie Siegel’s books in college and was hooked on his positivity from that moment on.The stories of his unconventional ideas and the exceptional patients he wrote about were so amazing to me and had such a big impact on how I saw life from then on.Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr.Bernie and his CDs again to get through my own cancer experience?（2015 ?江蘇卷36～39）

②I’ve been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I can’t seem to get through.（2014 ?湖北卷25）

總之從理論上講，無論是教育學(xué)或圖情學(xué)科，都已論證并確認了圖書館及對其的使用在培養(yǎng)人的綜合素質(zhì)與能力中，是不可或缺的。沒有圖書館的支撐也就沒有真正意義上的素質(zhì)教育。

③After that, he knew he could get through any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability.（2010 ?浙江卷12）

④Hardly could he get through this amount of work in such a short time.（2007 ?天津卷5）

⑤There were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get through.（2006 ?全國Ⅱ卷18）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查12次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)12次。待考義項：①通過（考試）；②到達某人處。

例句：①Did you get through the math exam?

②I left as soon as your message got through to me.

12.give away 已考義項：①贈送、分發(fā)；②泄露、出賣。

【考題回顧】①Before leaving America she gave away much of her furniture to friends and enjoyed letting them have the pieces they had liked.（2017 ?天津春季卷11）

②Body language can give away a lot about your mood,so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.（2015 ?浙江卷7）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查5次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)17次。待考義項：頒發(fā)（獎品）。

例句：We will invite a famous former student to give away the prizes.

13.give up 已考義項：放棄。

【考題回顧】Hearing her coughing bitterly one night,I decided to pull her from it all.But Cathy woke me up early next morning, wearing her swimsuit ready to go! I told her she shouldn’t swim after a whole night’s coughing, but she refused to give up and insisted she go.（2016 ?天津卷22～24）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查7次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)16次。待考義項：①把……交給；②讓與；③停止做某事。

例句：①Shall we let the thief go or give him up to the police?

②John gave up his seat to an elderly lady on the bus.

③I wish I could give up smoking.

14.go ahead 已考義項：①做吧、請便；②進步、領(lǐng)先。

【考題回顧】①—Could I use this dictionary?

—Just go ahead.It’s a spare one.（2014 ?江西卷21）

②Though Diana met with the language barrier, she was always going ahead while at college.（2011 ?福建卷49，50）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查9次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)23次。待考義項：走在前面、先走。

例句：I’ll go ahead and tell them you’re on the way.

15.keep up 已考義項：①堅持、保持；②振作、使不低落。

【考題回顧】①—I get at least half an hour of exercise almost every day.

—Oh, great! Keep it up.（2014 ?安徽卷35）

②Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to keep up his courage.（2012 ?湖北卷23）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查2次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)7次。待考義項：維護。

例句：How much does it cost you to keep up your large house?

16.leave behind 已考義項：①遺落、遺留；②離開。

【考題回顧】①This meant, of course, that he arrived at school early in the morning, dragging his heavy instrument case across the campus to the pitying looks of the nonmusicians he had left behind.（2017 ?江蘇卷52～55）

②—Are you going to have a holiday this year ?

—I’d love to.I can’t wait to leave this place behind.（2006 ?江蘇卷25）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查4次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)1次。待考義項：忘記攜帶。

例句：Because I was in a great hurry, I left my coat behind in the bus.

17.look into 已考義項：①向……里看；②調(diào)查。

【考題回顧】①You begin to notice a bit of pain on your eyelid each time you blink.You look into the mirror to find a tiny red spot on the base of your lower lashes.（2017 ?臺灣學(xué)測卷17）

②It is reported that the police will soon look into the case of the two missing children.（2009 ?江西卷30）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查3次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)11次。

18.pay off 已考義項：①還清債務(wù)；②付清工資予以解雇；③得到回報、帶來好的結(jié)果。

【考題回顧】①They have loans, bills, a mortgage （抵押貸款） to pay off, retirement to save for.They recognize there’s something missing in their lives, but it’s hard to step offthe track.（2015 ?浙江卷35～37）

②—Dad, I don’t think Oliver the right sort of person for the job.

—I see.I’ll go right away and pay him off.（2014 ?江蘇卷30）

③The athlete’s years of hard training paid off when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.（2012 ?安徽卷28）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查6次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)2次。待考義項：賄賂。

例句：In China，it’s illegal to pay off government officials.

19.pick up 已考義項：①（車輛）載人；②撿起、拾起；③（非正式）學(xué)會、偶獲。

【考題回顧】①Guy Harvold, 24, had picked up the students and three course leaders from Gatwick airport,and they were travelling to Bournemouth to meet their host families.（2017年11月 ?浙江卷37，38）

②I tried picking up trash（垃圾）myself, but the job was too big.I would spend an hour or two on the job, only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.（2012 ?天津卷23）

③It’s surprising that your brother picked up Russian so quickly—he hasn’t lived there very long.（2012 ?四川卷20）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查12次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)9次。待考義項：①（生意、情況或身體）好轉(zhuǎn)；②卷起、掀起；③接收（節(jié)目）；④使加快（速度）；⑤偶然結(jié)識；⑥（碰巧或廉價）買到；⑦聚集。

例句：①With proper measures, the economy in China is beginning to pick up again.

②Tornadoes can pick up cars, trains and even houses and put them down in the next street.

③We were able to pick up the BBC World Service.

④Soon after the train left the station, it began to pick up speed.

⑤I picked up the girl on the train and I am going to meet her again tonight.

⑥We managed to pick up some bargains at the auction.

⑦Waves are one of nature’s ways of picking up energy.

20.run into 已考義項：①陷入；②偶遇。

【考題回顧】①As I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would run into the same difficulties that beat me before.（2017 ?天津卷28）

②If you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.（2002 ?上海春季卷50）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查4次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)5次。待考義項：撞及（某物）。

例句：The bus got out of control and ran into a wall.

21.set aside 已考義項：①留出……專供……之用；②把……放于一邊。

【考題回顧】①In much of the animal world, night is the time set aside for sleep—pure and simple.（2013 ?湖北卷26）

②Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he set aside his own work and translated it into German.（2008 ?山東卷29）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查3次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)3次。待考義項：不注意、忽略。

例句：The judge set aside the decision of the lower court.

22.set down 已考義項：①寫下、記下；②放下、卸下。

【考題回顧】①Ralph W.Emerson would always set down new ideas that occurred to him.（2014 ?陜西卷18）

②He took a sip（一小口）of the drink.His wife also took one and then set the cup down between them.（2007 ?陜西卷25）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查2次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)3次。待考義項：讓（乘客）下車。

例句：The bus stopped to set down an old lady.

23.set off 已考義項：出發(fā)、動身。

【考題回顧】Traditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they set off on their life journey.（2013 ?安徽卷26）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查1次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)10次。待考義項：①引起、使開始；②使爆炸。

例句：①The old picture set off the girl’s homesickness.

②A group of boys were setting off fireworks in the street.

24.set up 已考義項：①搭起；②建立、創(chuàng)立。

【考題回顧】①Kurt and his wife stayed at home, made sandwiches, set up a table in the street and gave food to the homeless.（2012 ?山東卷41）

②For all these years I have been working for others.I’m hoping I’ll set up my own business someday.（2006 ?江西卷34）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查7次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)10次。待考義項：造成、導(dǎo)致。

例句：I wonder what has set up this discomfort in my throat?

25.take in 已考義項：①讓……進入、收留；②欺騙。

【考題回顧】①I saw many people were having a really hard time, losing their jobs and homes.I managed to rent a big enough house to take in a handful of people.There are four of us now in the house, but over time I’ve had nine people come in and move on to other places.（2013 ?江蘇卷52，53）

②Don’t be taken in by products promising to make you lose weight quickly.（2007 ?遼寧卷31）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查2次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)8次。待考義項：①理解；②將衣服改小；③吸收、吸入。

例句：①I listened to the speech carefully, but still I couldn’t take it all in.

②This dress needs to be taken in at the waist.

③Trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen.

26.take off 已考義項：①開始獲得成功；②去掉、除去；③取下、脫下。

【考題回顧】①Many businesses started up by college students have taken off thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation.（2016 ?江蘇卷30）

②People are just like apples! They are all different, but once you take off the outside, they’re pretty much the same on the inside.（2009 ?陜西卷39）

③As soon as he entered the room, he took off his cap and sat down.（1986 ?全國卷15）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查3次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)11次。待考義項：①（飛機）起飛；②休假。

例句：①The plane took off despite the fog.

②I would like to take next Monday off to visit my elder sister in hospital.

27.take up 已考義項：①從事……作為愛好或事業(yè)；②占據(jù)（時間或空間）。

【考題回顧】①Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.（2015 ?陜西卷25）

②We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all taken up.（2009 ?安徽卷33）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查7次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)12次。待考義項：①拿起；②（車輛）載人；③繼續(xù)、重新開始（停頓之事或他人開始之事）。

例句：①He took up the telephone receiver and began to dial.

②The train stops here to take up some passengers and then goes fast all the way to London.

③Joan took up the story when her sister forgot the next detail.

28.turn down 已考義項：①拒絕；②關(guān)?。ㄒ袅浚?/h2>

【考題回顧】①Tom had to turn down the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.（2015 ?天津卷10）

②And there on a well-made bed sat Amy, my new roommate, dressed neatly.Greeting me with a nod, she said in a soft voice, “Hi, you must be Cori.”Then, she turned down the music and looked over at Dad.“And of course, you’re Mr.Faber,”she said，smiling.（2000 ?全國卷44～47）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查6次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)9次。待考義項：調(diào)暗（燈光）。

例句：Turn down the light a little, or it will hurt your eyes.

29.turn out 已考義項：結(jié)果是、證明是。

【考題回顧】The next day, our parents sat us down in the living-room, with serious expressions on their faces.As it turned out, they had seen our wishes, now wanting to talk to us about one wish in particular—the puppy.（2017 ?上海春季卷45）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查8次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)16次。待考義項：生產(chǎn)、制造。

例句：Our new factory is turning out large quantities of goods.

30.turn up 已考義項：①到場、出現(xiàn)；②調(diào)大（音量）。

【考題回顧】①For a long time Gabriel didn’t want to be involved in music at all.In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at the music students,struggling across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, turning up at school for practice hours before anyone else had to be there.（2017 ?江蘇卷36，37）

②I can hardly hear the radio.Would you please turn it up? （1995 ?全國卷25）

【備考建議】該短語高考考查7次；用作干擾項出現(xiàn)12次。待考義項：使厭惡、使作嘔。

例句：What you did turned me up.