黑龍江 佟廣娜
句型轉(zhuǎn)換指的是句子類別的轉(zhuǎn)換,主要從時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱、數(shù)的變化,以及特殊疑問詞的用法和詞語意思等方面進(jìn)行命題,旨在考查考生對(duì)所學(xué)的詞匯(同義詞或反義詞)、短語、句型和語法等在語言表達(dá)與知識(shí)運(yùn)用方面的能力。該類題型的形式是根據(jù)所給的句型,按照漢語要求或提示完成另一個(gè)英語句子。
做好句型轉(zhuǎn)換題,考生必須對(duì)所學(xué)的語法知識(shí)、句子結(jié)構(gòu)和詞形變化等做到概念清楚,運(yùn)用準(zhǔn)確。這類題型雖然形式多樣,但大體可以分為條件型句型轉(zhuǎn)換和同義型句型轉(zhuǎn)換兩大類。
按條件進(jìn)行句型轉(zhuǎn)換的題型,要求按照每道題后括號(hào)內(nèi)指定的要求將原句改寫成其他形式的句子,待填寫的單詞處已經(jīng)給出相應(yīng)的空白,一般每個(gè)空白處填寫一個(gè)單詞。
陳述句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洌褪前裝e動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞置于主語之前,句子變?yōu)橐蓡栒Z序,句號(hào)改為問號(hào)。第一人稱通常變?yōu)榈诙朔Q,something在一般情況下變?yōu)閍nything。
(1)陳述句的謂語部分含有be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞have/has/had/will/shall或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,直接把這類動(dòng)詞提到主語之前,同時(shí)將標(biāo)點(diǎn)與大小寫做相應(yīng)變化即可。例如:
①They are interested in science fictions.
________________interested in science fictions? 【2017·濟(jì)南模擬題】
②People will use robots more and more in the future life.
_______people________robots moreand more in the future life? 【2017·孝感中考題】
③There must be something wrong with my computer.
Must there be________wrong with________computer? 【2016·烏魯木齊中考題】
【參考答案】①Are they ②Will;use ③anything;your
(2)陳述句的謂語動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí),要根據(jù)主語的人稱和數(shù)的情況在句首加助動(dòng)詞。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)加Do(主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí),要加Does,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞改為原形);一般過去時(shí)態(tài)加Did,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞改為原形。例如:
①George wants to be a tour guide at the Bund for foreign visitors.
________George________to be a tour guide at the Bund for foreign visitors? 【2016·上海中考題】
②This pen he bought yesterday works very well.
_______this pen he bought yesterday________very well? 【2016·達(dá)州中考題】
③My father got up at six o’clock this morning.
________your father________up at six o’clock this morning?
【參考答案】①Does;want ②Does;work ③Did;get
(1)肯定句的謂語部分含be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞have/has/had/will/shall或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,直接在這類動(dòng)詞后面添加否定詞not(有時(shí)not可以與這些詞以縮寫形式出現(xiàn))。例如:
①M(fèi)obile APPs will be helpful to English study.
Mobile APPs________________be helpful to English study. 【2016·濟(jì)南中考題】
②Mr.Hu is having a rest in his bedroom.
Mr.Hu________________having a rest in his bedroom. 【2017·重慶中考題】
③There are many old people exercising in the park now.
There______________many old people exercising in the park now. 【2017·重慶中考題】
【參考答案】①will not ②is not ③are not
(2)肯定句的謂語動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí),要根據(jù)主語的人稱和數(shù)的情況在實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前加助動(dòng)詞。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)加don’t(主語為第三人稱單數(shù)形式,加doesn’t,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞改為原形);一般過去時(shí)態(tài)加didn’t,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞改為原形。例如:
①Li Lin listens to English on the radio every day.
Li Lin________________to English on the radio every day. 【2016·重慶中考題】
②He did some work this morning.
He_________do_________work this morning.【2013·四川中考題】
【參考答案】①doesn’t listen ②didn’t;any
(3)含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句,主句的主語是第一人稱,謂語動(dòng)詞是think,believe,guess,suppose,expect等時(shí),如果要否定賓語從句,習(xí)慣上要否定主句的謂語動(dòng)詞,即變?yōu)椤癐 don’t think/believe/guess/suppose/expect+賓語從句”形式。例如:
I think it will snow tomorrow.
I________think it________snow tomorrow.【2017·龍東模擬題】
【參考答案】don’t;will
(4)在將祈使句變?yōu)榉穸ň鋾r(shí),一般應(yīng)在動(dòng)詞原形之前添加助動(dòng)詞Don’t。以Let’s或Let us開頭的祈使句,可在其后添加not,也可在其前加Don’t。例如:
①Look at the blackboard,please.
________________at the blackboard,please.
②Let’s go out for a walk.
________________go out for a walk./_______________go out for a walk.
【參考答案】①Don’t look ②Don’t let’s/Let’s not
(5)除將肯定句的謂語部分變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ酵?,還有變其他詞語為否定式的情況,如both改為neither,both...and改為neither...nor,a few改為few,a little改為little,all改為none,always改為 never,含every-的復(fù)合不定代詞改為含no-的復(fù)合不定代詞等。例如:
①Both Lucy and Mary can speak Japanese very well.
_______Lucy_______Mary can speak Japanese very well. 【2016·綏化中考題】
②He knows everything about your school.【2018·哈爾濱中考預(yù)測(cè)題】
He________________about your school.
【參考答案】①Neither;nor ②knows nothing
單復(fù)數(shù)句子互換,對(duì)應(yīng)句中的名詞、代詞、動(dòng)詞等能變則變,不能變的要么保留,要么去掉。做好這類題,必須掌握名詞、代詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)律,以及動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)的構(gòu)成規(guī)則等。單數(shù)句中的a/an在變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)句時(shí),要根據(jù)句意將其換為some或any。例如:
Is there a pet dog in your home?
________there_______pet dogs in your home?【2016·孝感中考題】
【參考答案】Are;any
陳述句變?yōu)楦袊@句,首先要確定是用what還是用how來引導(dǎo)這個(gè)感嘆句。how作狀語,修飾形容詞、副詞或句子;what作定語,修飾名詞(名詞前可有形容詞或冠詞)。若名詞為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,其前面要加a或an;若為復(fù)數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞,其前面不用冠詞。例如:
①M(fèi)r.Smith is a very kind man.
______________kind man Mr.Smith is!【2016·新疆中考題】
②Our school is beautiful.
______________our school is!【2014·黔南中考題】
【參考答案】①What a ②How beautiful
陳述句變?yōu)榉匆庖蓡柧?,要注意反意疑問句的結(jié)構(gòu)(“肯定陳述句部分+否定的附加問句”或“否定陳述句部分+肯定的附加問句”)。附加問句要重復(fù)陳述句的主語(必須用代詞)和have/has/had/will/shall等助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如陳述句是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí),加助動(dòng)詞do/does/did。例如:
①It’s a nice day,________?【2015·新疆中考題】
②Mr.Smith and his wife seldom drive their car to work,________________? 【2014·黔南中考題】
③The students enjoy playing football,________________? 【2015·綏化中考題】
【參考答案】①isn’t it ②do they ③don’t they
對(duì)畫線部分提問題型的解題方法是確定畫線部分在句子中所做的成分,用合適的疑問詞放在句首代替畫線部分而構(gòu)成特殊疑問句。具體步驟如下:選擇疑問詞——變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹蓡栐~后加一般疑問句——省略畫線部分——改句號(hào)為問號(hào)。例如:
①I was studying for the test when the rainstorm came.
________were you________when the rainstorm came? 【2017·孝感中考題】
②The girl bought lots of clothes on the day of Double 11 last year.
______________the girl do on the day of Double 11 last year? 【2016·重慶中考題】
【參考答案】①What;doing ②What did
【注意】如果句中的畫線部分是主語或主語的定語,則可用疑問詞直接替換,原句不必改為一般疑問句的語序。
同義型句型轉(zhuǎn)換就是將所給的句子換個(gè)說法,即要求用不同的詞匯、短語或句型表示相同或相近的意思,考查考生對(duì)英語詞匯、句型、語法的掌握情況和靈活運(yùn)用的能力。待填寫的單詞處已經(jīng)給出相應(yīng)的空白,每個(gè)空白處往往填寫一個(gè)單詞。
詞匯的轉(zhuǎn)換主要包括用詞性相同的同義詞(組)或反義詞(組)相替換、用派生詞或多義詞改寫,以及同一個(gè)詞在不同句式中的語序轉(zhuǎn)換等。例如:
①I spent thirty yuan on this ticket.(改為同義句)
I________thirty yuan_______this ticket.【2016·新疆中考題】
②PM 2.5 does harm to people’s health and the environment.(改為同義句)
PM 2.5 is_______________people’s health and the environment. 【2017·上海中考題】
③They are all from America.(改為同義句)
_________________them are from America.【2015·雞西中考題】
④They are in different teams.(改為同義句)
They aren’t in________________team.【2015·白銀中考題】
【參考答案】①paid;for ②bad for/harmful to③All of④the same
用意義相同或相近,但結(jié)構(gòu)不同的兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句型來表達(dá)相同的句子意思。如主、被動(dòng)語態(tài)的互換、there be與have句型的互換、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)句式的互換、感嘆句之間的互換、陳述句和祈使句的互換、用it作形式主語句式的轉(zhuǎn)換,以及比較級(jí)別句式間的互換,等等。例如:
①You shouldn’t drive cars after drinking wine.(改為祈使句)
________________cars after drinking wine.【2016·烏魯木齊中考題】
②I often see him play football after school.(改為被動(dòng)語態(tài))
He is often_______________play football after school. 【2016·天水中考題】
③My cousin bought a new bike last week.(改為同義句)
My cousin has_______a new bike_______last week. 【2015·孝感中考題】
【參考答案】①Don’t drive ②seen to ③had;since
這類句型的轉(zhuǎn)換形式主要包括兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合并為一個(gè)復(fù)合句、too...to句型與so...that句型的互換、詞組與從句相替代等。例如:
① Let’s discuss when we shall go to the Sea World.(改為同義句)
Let’s discuss_______________go to the Sea World. 【2017·孝感中考題】
②Charlie is so young that he can’t take the underground alone.(改為簡(jiǎn)單句)
Charlie is________________to take the underground alone. 【2016·上海中考題】
③She acted well enough to win the hearts of many people.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
She acted______well that she______the hearts of many people. 【2017·哈爾濱中考題】
④Whose schoolbag is on the desk?Father asked.(合并為含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句)
Father asked________schoolbag_______on the desk. 【2017·達(dá)州中考題】
【參考答案】①when to ②too young ③so;won④whose;was
復(fù)合句之間的相互轉(zhuǎn)換主要包括after與until兩種時(shí)間狀語從句之間的轉(zhuǎn)換和賓語從句的改寫等。例如:
①“How do you sell goods at the WeChat shop?”Kevin asked me.(改寫句子,句意不變)
Kevin asked me________I_______goods at the WeChat shop. 【2016·濟(jì)南中考題】
②His father went to bed after Dave came back home last night.(改為同義句)
His father________go to bed________Dave came back home last night. 【2016·孝感中考題】
【參考答案】①how;sold ②didn’t;until