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巨噬細(xì)胞和肺微血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞對(duì)煙曲霉作用的研究

2018-09-03 10:45宋珺韓菁孫越
中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào) 2018年13期

宋珺 韓菁 孫越

[摘要] 目的 探討巨噬細(xì)胞和肺微血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞對(duì)煙曲霉作用。 方法 構(gòu)建小鼠巨噬細(xì)胞株J774細(xì)胞煙曲霉感染的體外模型和人肺微血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞(HPMVECs)煙曲霉感染的體外模型,利用激光共聚焦掃描顯微鏡觀察共培養(yǎng)體系。 結(jié)果 J774細(xì)胞對(duì)煙曲霉具吞噬作用,但在共培養(yǎng)24 h的動(dòng)態(tài)觀察中,并未觀察到HPMVECs內(nèi)化煙曲霉,僅觀察到煙曲霉的感染導(dǎo)致HPMVECs形態(tài)的變化和細(xì)胞完整性的破壞。 結(jié)論 J774細(xì)胞對(duì)煙曲霉具吞噬作用,HPMVECs無內(nèi)化煙曲霉的作用,煙曲霉感染可導(dǎo)致HPMVECs形態(tài)的變化和細(xì)胞完整性的破壞。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 巨噬細(xì)胞;肺微血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞;煙曲霉

[中圖分類號(hào)] R563 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2018)05(a)-0018-03

[Abstract] Objective To investigate effect of macrophages and pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) on Aspergillus fumigatus. Methods In vitro models of Aspergillus fumigatus-treated HPMVECs and Aspergillus fumigatus-treated J774 cells were established, confocal laser scanning microscope was used for detection of co-cultures. Results Aspergillus fumigatus were phagocyted by J774 cells. However, Aspergillus fumigatus were not internalized by HPMVECs, onlu morphology change and integrity compromise were observed on Aspergillus fumigatus-treated HPMVECs. Conclusion J774 cells phagocytes Aspergillus fumigatus. HPMVECs can't internalize Aspergillus fumigatus. Aspergillus fumigatus can cause morphology change and integrity compromise in HPMVECs.

[Key words] Macrophages; Pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells; Aspergillus fumigatus

在真菌感染中,曲霉菌是僅次于念球菌的重要致病菌[1-2]。導(dǎo)致人類疾病的主要曲霉菌是煙曲霉、黃曲霉和黑曲霉,人類曲霉菌病95%以上為煙曲霉感染引發(fā)[1.3]。巨噬細(xì)胞屬于免疫細(xì)胞,在先天性和后天性免疫應(yīng)答過程中起著關(guān)鍵作用。另外,侵襲性肺曲霉病的主要特征是煙曲霉菌絲侵襲血管。目前,煙曲霉與巨噬細(xì)胞(或血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞)的相互作用成為學(xué)者們普遍關(guān)注的研究熱點(diǎn)之一[1,4-6]。人肺微血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞(HPMVECs)是肺組織的重要細(xì)胞,存在于循環(huán)血和實(shí)質(zhì)臟器細(xì)胞之間,既是構(gòu)成血管通透性的主要屏障,又是代謝功能復(fù)雜的炎癥細(xì)胞,對(duì)維持肺血管的完整性具有特殊意義[7-9]。我們已經(jīng)完成的研究表明,煙曲霉感染能引發(fā)HPMVECs分泌多種促炎因子[10]。然而,煙曲霉感染后,巨噬細(xì)胞和HPMVECs對(duì)煙曲霉有著何種作用,目前尚不清楚。在本研究中,我們擬建立煙曲霉與巨噬細(xì)胞(或HPMVECs)的共培養(yǎng)體系,對(duì)上述問題進(jìn)行研究。

1 材料與方法

1.1 煙曲霉菌孢子懸液制備

取煙曲霉菌菌株(AF293)接種于馬鈴薯葡萄糖瓊脂(PDA)培養(yǎng)基上,37℃培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng)3 d,收集分生孢子懸液,通過8層無菌紗布過濾以去除菌絲,PBS液清洗5次,轉(zhuǎn)入離心管中離心,棄上清,孢子重懸于PBS液中,計(jì)數(shù)后離心,重懸于PBS中,備用。帶有綠色熒光蛋白(GFP)的孢子通過電轉(zhuǎn)化法獲得。

1.2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)

HPMVECs的培養(yǎng)參照文獻(xiàn)[10],培養(yǎng)液為專用內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液,J774細(xì)胞的培養(yǎng)液為DMEM培養(yǎng)液。于傳代培養(yǎng)第5代,細(xì)胞達(dá)90%底壁后,上述細(xì)胞給予煙曲霉菌孢子處理。

1.3 細(xì)胞處理以及激光共聚焦掃描顯微鏡觀察

細(xì)胞用胰酶消化后,用培養(yǎng)液重懸,取細(xì)胞懸液分別滴到鋪于培養(yǎng)孔板中的細(xì)胞爬片上,30 min 后,補(bǔ)加完全培養(yǎng)液,置于37℃,5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)6 h左右(讓其貼壁更牢),然后將GFP標(biāo)記的煙曲霉菌孢子刺激HPMVECs和小鼠巨噬細(xì)胞J774細(xì)胞,分別在2、4、8、16、24 h和0.5、2 h,用PBS清洗3遍,4%多聚甲醛固定(室溫)1.5 h,PBS清洗3遍,分別用羅丹明-鬼筆環(huán)肽(Rhodamine phalloidin)室溫孵育30 min,取出細(xì)胞爬片,用PBS 漂洗3遍,另外,于J774細(xì)胞,用4',6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)染色3 min,后PBS漂洗3遍,封片劑封片(有細(xì)胞一面對(duì)著載玻片),激光共聚焦掃描顯微鏡觀察并拍照。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中,羅丹明-鬼筆環(huán)肽與胞漿內(nèi)肌動(dòng)蛋白(F-actin)結(jié)合而發(fā)紅光,DAPI與細(xì)胞核結(jié)合發(fā)藍(lán)光,攜帶GFP的孢子發(fā)綠光。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 煙曲霉的培養(yǎng)

煙曲霉菌菌株AF293于PDA培養(yǎng)基上,經(jīng)37℃培養(yǎng)箱培養(yǎng)3 d后于普通顯微鏡下可見典型的煙曲霉圓形厚壁孢子和芽孢。見圖1。

2.2 HPMVECs的形態(tài)學(xué)觀察

HPMVECs用培養(yǎng)液接種于培養(yǎng)瓶中,培養(yǎng)24 h后,置于倒置顯微鏡下觀察細(xì)胞形態(tài),可見融合的單細(xì)胞層具有血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞典型的鋪路石樣形態(tài),但過度融合生長會(huì)因細(xì)胞過于緊密而呈現(xiàn)細(xì)長紡錘形。見圖2。

2.3 小鼠巨噬細(xì)胞J774細(xì)胞的形態(tài)學(xué)觀察

小鼠巨噬細(xì)胞株J774接種于培養(yǎng)瓶中,培養(yǎng)24 h后,置于倒置顯微鏡下觀察細(xì)胞形態(tài),可見貼壁生長的細(xì)胞呈單核細(xì)胞/巨噬細(xì)胞樣,圓形或多角形。見圖3。

2.4 建立煙曲霉與小鼠巨噬細(xì)胞株J774細(xì)胞(或HPMVECs)的共培養(yǎng)體系,探討J774細(xì)胞(或HPMVECs)對(duì)煙曲霉的作用

J774細(xì)胞與煙曲霉共培養(yǎng)至0.5、2 h時(shí),可見J774細(xì)胞均存在GFP陽性染色(圖4,見封三),表明孢子被J774細(xì)胞吞噬。HPMVECs與煙曲霉共培養(yǎng)24 h的動(dòng)態(tài)觀察中,未見煙曲霉被HPMVECs內(nèi)化,然而,與對(duì)照組比較,隨著培養(yǎng)時(shí)間的延長,煙曲霉處理組HPMVECs出現(xiàn)形態(tài)的變化和細(xì)胞完整性的破壞(圖5、6,見封三)。

3 討論

本研究中我們成功構(gòu)建HPMVECs煙曲霉感染的體外模型和小鼠巨噬細(xì)胞株J774細(xì)胞煙曲霉感染的體外模型,并觀察到J774細(xì)胞對(duì)煙曲霉的吞噬作用,但在共培養(yǎng)24 h的動(dòng)態(tài)觀察中,我們并未觀察到HPMVECs內(nèi)化煙曲霉,僅觀察到煙曲霉的感染可以導(dǎo)致HPMVECs形態(tài)的變化和細(xì)胞完整性的破壞。

巨噬細(xì)胞屬于免疫細(xì)胞,在先天性和后天性免疫應(yīng)答過程中起著關(guān)鍵作用,它可以提呈抗原,吞噬、殺死胞內(nèi)微生物或腫瘤細(xì)胞以及調(diào)節(jié)促炎和抗炎細(xì)胞因子的釋放等[11-12]。巨噬細(xì)胞作為免疫防御的第一道防線,對(duì)機(jī)體抵抗煙曲霉孢子侵襲具有重要作用[13-14]。在本研究中利用激光共聚焦掃描顯微鏡我們觀察到巨噬細(xì)胞對(duì)煙曲霉的吞噬。利用綠色熒光蛋白標(biāo)記的煙曲霉感染巨噬細(xì)胞,我們可以在激光共聚焦掃描顯微鏡的視野中觀察到煙曲霉顯示清晰的綠色熒光,有利于觀察孢子侵入宿主細(xì)胞的過程。既往研究表明,除巨噬細(xì)胞對(duì)病原微生物具有吞噬作用外,非專職吞噬細(xì)胞也可以主動(dòng)內(nèi)化病原微生物[1,5-6]。研究者以人臍靜脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞(HUVECs)為研究對(duì)象,觀察到一定時(shí)間內(nèi)有50%煙曲霉孢子內(nèi)化進(jìn)入HUVECs[5]。HPMVECs和HUVECs對(duì)煙曲霉的作用差異可能主要由于HPMVECs和HUVECs來源于不同的血管床,存在多方面的異質(zhì)性。與巨噬細(xì)胞吞噬煙曲霉類似,煙曲霉對(duì)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的侵襲、黏附涉及很多分子的參與[15-17]。目前研究較多的是內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞表面的鈣黏蛋白。白色念珠菌表面的凝集素同源物Als3為跨膜蛋白,其膜外存在特定的β折疊結(jié)構(gòu),該蛋白能與內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞表面的鈣黏蛋白結(jié)合,從而介導(dǎo)白色念珠菌進(jìn)入宿主細(xì)胞[18-20]。

綜上所述,在本研究中我們利用表達(dá)綠色熒光蛋白的煙曲霉感染巨噬細(xì)胞(J774細(xì)胞)和HPMVECs,觀察到巨噬細(xì)胞具有對(duì)煙曲霉的吞噬作用,而HPMVECs對(duì)煙曲霉不具有內(nèi)化作用,但引起HPMVECs結(jié)構(gòu)完整性的破壞,在后續(xù)研究中我們將繼續(xù)探討煙曲霉與巨噬細(xì)胞(或HPMVECs)的相互作用及其機(jī)制。

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(收稿日期:2018-01-26 本文編輯:任 念)