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氯吡格雷聯(lián)合瑞舒伐他汀對(duì)慢性腎衰竭合并冠心病患者SAS和SDS評(píng)分、CRP、心功能的影響

2018-10-11 09:09張朝典陳立人
關(guān)鍵詞:慢性腎衰竭瑞舒伐他汀c反應(yīng)蛋白

張朝典 陳立人

【摘要】目的:分析氯吡格雷聯(lián)合瑞舒伐他汀對(duì)慢性腎衰竭(CRF)合并冠心病(CHD)患者SAS和SDS評(píng)分、CRP、心功能的影響。方法:選取2015年12月-2017年12月在本院接受治療的CRF合并CHD患者98例,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分成對(duì)照組和觀察組,各49例。對(duì)照組服用硫酸氫氯吡格雷,觀察組在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上加服瑞舒伐他汀,觀察比較兩組治療前后SAS和SDS評(píng)分情況,左室短軸縮短率(LVSF)、左室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(LVEDD)、左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)及左室收縮末期內(nèi)徑(LVESD)指標(biāo)情況和血清血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子(VEGF)、一氧化氮(NO)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)水平情況。結(jié)果:治療后,兩組SAS、SDS評(píng)分均較治療前明顯降低且觀察組均明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后,兩組LVSF、LVEF水平較治療前均顯著升高,LVEDD、LVESD水平均顯著降低;且觀察組LVSF、LVEF水平均明顯高于對(duì)照組,LVEDD、LVESD水平均明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后,兩組血清CRP、VEGF水平較治療前均顯著降低,血清NO水平顯著升高;且觀察組血清CRP、VEGF水平均明顯低于對(duì)照組,血清NO水平明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。

結(jié)論:氯吡格雷聯(lián)合瑞舒伐他汀可改善慢性腎衰竭合并冠心病患者心功能,降低C反應(yīng)蛋白與血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子含量,對(duì)患者預(yù)后更有利。

【關(guān)鍵詞】慢性腎衰竭;冠心??;C反應(yīng)蛋白;氯吡格雷;瑞舒伐他汀

Effects of Clopidogrel Combined with Rosuvastatin on SAS and SDS Scores,CRP and Cardiac Function in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure and Coronary Heart Disease/ZHANG Zhaodian,CHEN Liren.//Medical Innovation of China,2018,15(23):-125

【Abstract】Objective:To analyze the effects of Clopidogrel combined with Rosuvastatin on SAS and SDS scores,CRP and cardiac function in patients with chronic renal failure(CRF) and coronary heart disease(CHD).Method:A total of 98 patients with CRF complicated with CRD who were treated in our hospital from December 2015 to December 2017 were selected. According to the random number table,they were divided into control group and observation group,49 cases in each group.The control group was received Clopidogrel Hydrogen Sulfate,the observation group was given Rosuvastatin on the basis of the control group.The scores of SAS and SDS,the shortening rate of left ventricular short axis (LVSF),left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDD),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD) and the levels of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF),nitric oxide (NO),C reactive protein (CRP) before and after treatment were observed and compared between the two groups.Result:After treatment,the SAS and SDS scores of two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment and the scores of SAS and SDS in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment,the levels of LVSF and LVEF in two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment,the levels of LVEDD and LVESD in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment;and the levels of LVSF and LVEF in the observation group were significantly higher than those in control group,the levels of LVEDD and LVESD were significantly lower than those in control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The levels of serum CRP and VEGF in two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment,the level of serum NO was significantly higher than that before treatment;and the levels of serum CRP and VEGF in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,the level of serum NO was significantly higher than that in the control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: Clopidogrel combined with Rosuvastatin can improve cardiac function of patients with chronic renal failure and coronary heart disease,reduce CRP and vascular endothelial growth factor levels,and is more favorable to the prognosis of patients.

【Key words】Chronic renal failure;Coronary heart disease;C reactive protein;Clopidogrel;Rosuvastatin

First-authors address:Hubei Province Directly Affiliated Hospital,Wuhan 430071,China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.23.032

慢性腎衰竭(chronic renal failure,CRF)為慢性腎臟病所引發(fā)腎小球?yàn)V過(guò)率降低和相關(guān)臨床癥狀與代謝紊亂所構(gòu)成的綜合征,CRF患者一般發(fā)病比較隱匿,患者前期沒(méi)有顯著臨床癥狀,病情進(jìn)展到參與腎單位不能夠適應(yīng)機(jī)體的最低要求時(shí)候才表現(xiàn)出一些癥狀[1-2]。在CRF患者病情發(fā)展中,其體內(nèi)多個(gè)系統(tǒng)功能都會(huì)出現(xiàn)失調(diào)狀況,發(fā)生心血管疾病等相關(guān)并發(fā)癥,這也是造成CRF患者死亡的主要因素。CRF并發(fā)的心血管類疾病主要有兩類,一類為動(dòng)脈血管疾病,包含小動(dòng)脈硬化與動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化;另一類為心肌疾病,包含左心室擴(kuò)張與左心室肥厚等,同時(shí)這兩類心血管疾病都會(huì)造成患者出現(xiàn)冠心?。╟oronary heart disease,CHD)臨床表征[3-4]。因此,本文通過(guò)分析氯吡格雷聯(lián)合瑞舒伐他汀對(duì)慢性腎衰竭合并冠心病患者SAS和SDS評(píng)分、CRP、心功能影響,為臨床患者治療提供一些借鑒?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1資料與方法

1.1一般資料選取2015年12月-2017年12月間在本院接受治療的CRF合并CHD患者98例,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)CRF診斷均符合中華內(nèi)科雜志編委會(huì)腎臟病專業(yè)組所編寫相關(guān)診斷準(zhǔn)則,病情分期為腎功能衰竭期、腎功能失代償期和腎功能代償期,同時(shí)患者電解質(zhì)紊亂、酸中毒及感染等因素得到控制;(2)CHD診斷均符合國(guó)際心臟病學(xué)會(huì)所編寫《缺血性心臟病命名和診斷準(zhǔn)則》內(nèi)相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5],病情分期為穩(wěn)定性心絞痛Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ級(jí);(3)原發(fā)疾病為高血壓腎小動(dòng)脈硬化、慢性腎小球腎炎、糖尿病腎病及慢性腎盂腎炎。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)原發(fā)疾病是梗阻性腎病、狼瘡性腎??;(2)合并造血系統(tǒng)、心、肝及腦等原發(fā)性疾病;(3)處于哺乳或者妊娠期;(4)對(duì)本試驗(yàn)藥物過(guò)敏或者過(guò)敏體質(zhì)。按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分成對(duì)照組和觀察組,各49例。所有患者或家屬均知曉本研究并簽署知情同意書,該研究已經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。

1.2治療方法對(duì)患者進(jìn)行低磷、低蛋白飲食,保證足夠熱量,同時(shí)控制血糖、感染和血壓,糾正酸堿及水、電解質(zhì)平衡失調(diào),緩解其心絞痛發(fā)作。對(duì)照組患者服用硫酸氫氯吡格雷(生產(chǎn)廠家:深圳信立泰藥業(yè)公司,批準(zhǔn)文號(hào):國(guó)藥準(zhǔn)字H20000542,規(guī)格:25 mg*20片),前3 d口服100 mg/次,第4天起口服75 mg/次,1次/d。觀察組在對(duì)照組的基礎(chǔ)上加服瑞舒伐他?。ㄉa(chǎn)廠家:英國(guó)AstraZeneca UK Limited公司,注冊(cè)批號(hào):J20120006,規(guī)格:

10 mg*7片),1次/d,20 mg/次,兩組患者均連續(xù)服用兩個(gè)月。

1.3觀察指標(biāo)與判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(1)采用焦慮自評(píng)量表(SAS)和抑郁自評(píng)量表(SDS)評(píng)估兩組治療前后SAS和SDS評(píng)分情況?;颊逽AS評(píng)分方法,其中50分是該量表的分界值,輕度焦慮為50~59分,中度焦慮為60~69分,重度焦慮為69分以上?;颊叩囊钟羟榫w采用SDS評(píng)分方法,該量表的分界點(diǎn)為53分,分值越高患者的抑郁程度更嚴(yán)重,輕度抑郁53~62分,中度抑郁63~72分,重度抑郁>72分。

(2)采用飛利浦Sonos5500型彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀檢測(cè)患者左室短軸縮短率(LVSF)、左室舒張末期內(nèi)徑(LVEDD)、左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)及左室收縮末期內(nèi)徑(LVESD)改變情況。(3)采用ELISA法檢測(cè)血清血管內(nèi)皮生長(zhǎng)因子(VEGF)含量,酶標(biāo)儀檢測(cè)血清一氧化氮(NO)含量,免疫濁度法檢測(cè)血清C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)含量情況。

1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理采用SPSS 19.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)比較采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2?結(jié)果

2.1兩組一般資料比較兩組患者的性別、年齡、病程、BMI等一般資料比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見(jiàn)表1。

2.2兩組治療前后SAS、SDS評(píng)分情況比較兩組治療前SAS、SDS評(píng)分比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后,兩組SAS、SDS評(píng)分均較治療前明顯降低且觀察組均明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。

2.3兩組治療前后心功能相關(guān)指標(biāo)情況比較治療前,兩組各項(xiàng)心功能指標(biāo)情況比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療后,兩組LVSF、LVEF水平較治療前均顯著升高,LVEDD、LVESD水平均顯著降低;且觀察組LVSF、LVEF水平均明顯高于對(duì)照組,LVEDD、LVESD水平均明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。

2.4兩組治療前后血清CRP、NO及VEGF水平情況比較治療前,兩組血清CRP、NO及VEGF水平情況比較,差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療后,兩組血清CRP、VEGF水平較治療前均顯著降低,血清NO水平顯著升高;且觀察組血清CRP、VEGF水平均明顯低于對(duì)照組,血清NO水平明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。

3討論

心肌組織包含間質(zhì)與心肌細(xì)胞,在機(jī)體失代償狀況下,負(fù)荷容量過(guò)大會(huì)造成心臟發(fā)生擴(kuò)張,心肌細(xì)胞隨之拉長(zhǎng),并伴有部分心肌凋亡或者壞死[6-7]。在心肌細(xì)胞肥大進(jìn)程中,心肌間質(zhì)也出現(xiàn)重建,心肌間質(zhì)內(nèi)原有膠原會(huì)變粗,新膠原則會(huì)沉積在原來(lái)原發(fā)膠原心肌間質(zhì)內(nèi),那么膠原體積變大,進(jìn)而造成間質(zhì)正常網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)受損,出現(xiàn)間質(zhì)纖維化,致使心室舒張期的硬度變大,順應(yīng)性下降,對(duì)心臟收縮功能產(chǎn)生影響,最終對(duì)泵功能造成損壞。另外,膠原纖維變多還會(huì)增大心肌組織異位電活動(dòng)性,易引發(fā)心律失常[8-10]。

氯吡格雷能夠選擇性抑制二磷酸甘結(jié)合血小板受體,同時(shí)抑制活化二磷酸甘介導(dǎo)糖蛋白復(fù)合物,以此起到阻止血小板聚集與產(chǎn)生目的,還能夠阻斷其他激動(dòng)劑受體所釋放的二磷酸甘引起血小板積聚[11-13]。相關(guān)研究顯示,氯吡格雷對(duì)于冠心病大鼠可有效抑制其血小板激活與積聚[14]。他汀類藥物能夠經(jīng)過(guò)募集單核細(xì)胞與巨噬細(xì)胞進(jìn)入到血管壁內(nèi),還可對(duì)炎癥因子產(chǎn)生起到抑制作用,使超氧化物歧化酶活性變強(qiáng),機(jī)體對(duì)自由基清除能力變強(qiáng),并對(duì)氧自由基的產(chǎn)生起到抑制,進(jìn)而起到抗感染和抗氧化影響,阻止或者延緩動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)展。VEGF為機(jī)體中最強(qiáng)促血管生長(zhǎng)因子,在機(jī)體出現(xiàn)心肌梗死時(shí)血清內(nèi)VEGF含量迅速升高,再灌注治療后恢復(fù)到正常水平。相關(guān)研究顯示,CRP直接參加了動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化和炎癥反應(yīng),為非特異炎癥標(biāo)志物和心血管疾病最強(qiáng)有力危險(xiǎn)因子和預(yù)示因子[15-16]。NO有舒張血管作用,還可調(diào)節(jié)血管的張力,對(duì)血小板聚集有抑制作用,同時(shí)可改善血管功能,預(yù)防血管發(fā)生動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化。

本文研究顯示,治療后,兩組LVSF、LVEF水平較治療前均顯著升高,LVEDD、LVESD水平均顯著降低;且觀察組LVSF、LVEF水平均明顯高于對(duì)照組,LVEDD、LVESD水平均明顯低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組血清CRP、VEGF水平較治療前均顯著降低,血清NO水平顯著升高;且觀察組血清CRP、VEGF水平均明顯低于對(duì)照組,血清NO水平明顯高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。說(shuō)明氯吡格雷聯(lián)合瑞舒伐他汀可明顯改善患者心功能狀況,延緩動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)展,對(duì)其預(yù)后有利。

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(收稿日期:2018-05-14)(本文編輯:李瑩瑩)

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