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維生素D對TGF—β1誘導(dǎo)大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮細(xì)胞間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化的影響

2018-11-10 13:49齊云峰霍如婕劉岱
中國當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥 2018年19期
關(guān)鍵詞:鋪路石肺泡預(yù)處理

齊云峰 霍如婕 劉岱

[摘要]目的 探討維生素D(Vitamin D,VD)對TGF-β1誘導(dǎo)的大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮細(xì)胞(RLE-6TN)間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化的影響。方法 體外培養(yǎng)RLE-6TN細(xì)胞,分為正常對照組(A組)、TGF-β1組(B組)、TGF-β1+VD組(C組)、TGF-β1+ICG001組(D組)、TGF-β1+VD+ICG001組(E組),分別用VD或(及)ICG001預(yù)處理細(xì)胞,24 h后再加入TGF-β1, 48 h后觀察細(xì)胞形態(tài),采用Western blot檢測E-鈣粘蛋白(E-cadherin)、α-平滑肌肌動蛋白(α-SMA)和纖維連接蛋白(Fn)的表達(dá)。結(jié)果 鏡下A組細(xì)胞貼壁生長,呈鋪路石樣,連接緊密;B組間隙明顯增大,顯著梭形變;C組、D組較B組細(xì)胞更多地呈鋪路石樣改變,細(xì)胞間隙有所縮?。籈組細(xì)胞則大多呈鋪路石樣改變,間隙更小,形態(tài)接近正常組。Western blot檢測顯示,B、C、D、E組的α-SMA、Fn表達(dá)量均高于A組,而E-cadherin表達(dá)量均低于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。C、D、E組的α-SMA、Fn表達(dá)量低于B組,而E-cadherin表達(dá)量高于B組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。C、D組的α-SMA、Fn表達(dá)量高于E組,而E-cadherin表達(dá)量低于E組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。C、D兩組的α-SMA、Fn及E-cadherin表達(dá)量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 VD可以抑制TGF-β1誘導(dǎo)的大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮細(xì)胞間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化。

[關(guān)鍵詞]維生素D;TGF-β1;ICG001;間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化

[中圖分類號] R33 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 1674-4721(2018)7(a)-0004-04

[Abstract]Objective To investigate the influence of vitamin D (VD) on the mesenchymal transformation of alveolar Ⅱ epithelial cells (RLE-6TN) induced by TGF-β1 in rats.Methods RLE-6TN cells were cultured in vitro,and were divided into the control group (group A),the TGF-β1 group (group B),the TGF-β1+VD group (group C),the TGF-β1+ICG001 group (group D),the TGF-β1+VD+ICG001 group (group E).The cells were treated with VD and/or VD+ICG001 at first,and TGF-β1 was added into the culture solution after 24 h,the Western blot was used to detected the α-SMA,F(xiàn)ibronectin (Fn) and E-cadherin protein levels after 48 h.Results Under the microscope,in group A,cells adhered to the wall and showed a paving stone with tight junctions.The gap in group B was significantly increased and the spindle was obviously deformed.The cells in groups C and group D showed more paving stone-like changes than those in group B,and the cells gap decreased.Most of the cells in the group E were mostly paved stone-like changes,the gap was smallest and morphology was close to the normal group.Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of α-SMA and Fn in groupB,C,D,E were higher than that in group A,but the expression of E-cadherin was lower than that in group A,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The levels of α-SMA and Fn in group C,D,E were lower than that in group B,but the expression of E-cadherin was higher than that in group B,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The expression levels of α-SMA and Fn in group C and group D were higher than that in group E,but the expression of E-cadherin was lower than that in group E,and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).There were no significant differences in the expression levels of α-SMA,F(xiàn)n and E-cadherin between group C and group D (P>0.05).Conclusion Vitamin D can inhibited the mesenchymal transition of alveolar Ⅱ epithelial cells induced by TGF-β1 in rats.

[Key words]Vitamin D;TGF-β1;ICG001;Mesenchymal transition

氣道重塑是呼吸系統(tǒng)慢性疾病如慢性阻塞性肺疾?。–OPD)、哮喘等長期反復(fù)發(fā)作出現(xiàn)的病理過程。長期反復(fù)的炎癥刺激,會導(dǎo)致肺上皮細(xì)胞損傷,使其向間質(zhì)細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化。研究顯示,TGF-β被認(rèn)為是促使肺上皮細(xì)胞間質(zhì)化的關(guān)鍵因子[1-2],而β-catenin是TGF-β1發(fā)揮作用的重要途徑。在腎臟上皮細(xì)胞采用ICG001特異性地阻斷β-catenin的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性,可以抑制TGF-β1誘導(dǎo)的間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化[3]。目前,維生素D(Vitamin D,VD)被認(rèn)為可改善氣道平滑肌增生、杯狀細(xì)胞增生、上皮下纖維化等氣道結(jié)構(gòu)功能的作用,從而改善呼吸系統(tǒng)慢性疾病的氣道重塑[4]。氣道上皮細(xì)胞高表達(dá)1α-羥化酶和VD受體,可將無活性的VD轉(zhuǎn)化為有生理活性的VD[5-6]。Hlaing等[7]的研究顯示,在心肌細(xì)胞中VD可以負(fù)向調(diào)控Wnt/β-catenin信號通路,抑制心肌細(xì)胞增殖,促進(jìn)心肌細(xì)胞分化,但VD是否通過β-catenin信號通路來調(diào)控大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮細(xì)胞間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化尚未見報道。本研究通過VD或(及)ICG001預(yù)處理RLE-6TN細(xì)胞,再用TGF-β1刺激,觀察RLE-6TN細(xì)胞形態(tài)的變化以及檢測上皮、間質(zhì)化特征性蛋白的表達(dá),旨在探討VD對大鼠肺泡上皮細(xì)胞間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化的影響。

1材料與方法

1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)細(xì)胞

大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮細(xì)胞系RLE-6TN細(xì)胞(上海拜力生物科技有限公司)。

1.2主要儀器與試劑

恒溫細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱(江蘇榮華有限公司);GelDOXR全自動凝膠成像系統(tǒng)(美國Bio-Rad公司);Western blot用電泳儀及半干轉(zhuǎn)膜儀(美國Bio-Rad公司);光學(xué)顯微鏡(德國Leica公司);胎牛血清(中國杭州四季青);高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)基(武漢博士德生物工程有限公司);0.25%胰蛋白酶(武漢博士德生物工程有限公司);Vitamin D(上海生工生物科技有限公司);ICG001(上海華雅思創(chuàng)生物科技有限公司);TGF-β1(美國peprotech公司);E-鈣粘蛋白(E-cadherin)、α-平滑肌肌動蛋白(α-SMA)和纖維連接蛋白(Fn)兔抗大鼠一抗(中國南京巴傲得生物科技有限公司);增強(qiáng)型RIPA蛋白質(zhì)裂解液及FITC標(biāo)志的羊抗兔IgG(武漢博士德生物工程有限公司)。

1.3實(shí)驗(yàn)分組及處理

1.3.1 RLE-6TN細(xì)胞的培養(yǎng) 將RLE-6TN細(xì)胞置于含10%胎牛血清及1%青霉素-鏈霉素的高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)基中,于37℃、5%的CO2孵育箱內(nèi)靜置培養(yǎng),細(xì)胞呈鋪路石樣貼壁生長。

1.3.2細(xì)胞分組及處理 將各組細(xì)胞按1×105個/ml的密度種到6孔板中,分為正常對照組(A組)、TGF-β1組(B組)、TGF-β1+VD組(C組)、TGF-β1+ICG001組(D組)、TGF-β1+VD+ICG001組(E組)。參考文獻(xiàn)濃度,先加入VD(1 μmol/L)[8]或(及)ICG001(5 μmol/L)[9],24 h后在培養(yǎng)液中加入TGF-β1(10 ng/ml)[8],誘導(dǎo)48 h后采用Western blot法檢測目的蛋白表達(dá)。

1.4觀察指標(biāo)及檢測方法

熒光倒置顯微鏡下觀察各組細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)的改變。采用Western blot法檢測各組細(xì)胞α-SMA、Fn及E-cadherin的表達(dá)量。使用增強(qiáng)型RIPA裂解液提取各組細(xì)胞總蛋白質(zhì),10%的SDS-PAG分離細(xì)胞總蛋白,轉(zhuǎn)至PVDF膜上,一抗1︰1000稀釋抗α-SMA、Fn及E-cadherin抗體,二抗1︰6000稀釋,超敏ECL化學(xué)發(fā)光試劑盒曝光,凝膠圖像分析系統(tǒng)分析各目的蛋白灰度值,并以內(nèi)參β-actin標(biāo)化各樣品蛋白條帶的灰度數(shù)值。

1.5統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行方差齊性檢驗(yàn)后,兩樣本均數(shù)間比較采用t檢驗(yàn),多個樣本均數(shù)間兩兩比較采用LSD多重比較,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2結(jié)果

2.1各組細(xì)胞形態(tài)學(xué)觀察

倒置顯微鏡下,A組細(xì)胞貼壁生長,呈鋪路石樣,連接緊密;B組間隙明顯增大,顯著梭形變;C組、D組較B組細(xì)胞更多地呈鋪路石樣改變,細(xì)胞間隙有所縮??;E組細(xì)胞則大多呈鋪路石樣改變,間隙更小,形態(tài)最為接近A組(圖1)。

2.2各組細(xì)胞α-SMA、Fn及E-cadherin表達(dá)量的比較

B、C、D、E組的α-SMA、Fn表達(dá)量均高于A組,而E-cadherin表達(dá)量低于A組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。C、D、E組的α-SMA、Fn表達(dá)量低于B組,而E-cadherin表達(dá)量高于B組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。C、D組的α-SMA、Fn表達(dá)量高于E組,而E-cadherin表達(dá)量低于E組,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。C、D兩組的α-SMA、Fn及E-cadherin表達(dá)量比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(圖2、圖3)。

3討論

氣道重塑包括上皮異常增生,氣道平滑肌細(xì)胞增生、肥大以及細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)沉積等過程[10-11],其中上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化在氣道重塑的過程中扮演著重要角色。TGF-β1在氣道重塑過程中發(fā)揮著核心效應(yīng)分子的作用[12],其作用的途徑包括β-catenin、經(jīng)典的Smad和非Smad通路等,其中β-catenin通路與疾病的纖維化形成密切相關(guān)[13]。TGF-β1刺激破壞細(xì)胞間的緊密連接,誘導(dǎo)β-catenin從上皮細(xì)胞接觸中解離,使β-catenin的降解減少,從而核內(nèi)β-catenin/TGF結(jié)合增多,促進(jìn)成纖維細(xì)胞增殖、肌成纖維細(xì)胞分化及上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化[14-15]。

前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),腎小管上皮細(xì)胞中轉(zhuǎn)染F-TrCP-Ecad質(zhì)粒,靶向降解胞漿β-catenin蛋白,或采用ICG001特異性地阻斷β-catenin的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性,結(jié)果均顯示其可以明顯抑制TGF-β1誘導(dǎo)的間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化[3]。研究顯示,VD缺乏在成人及兒童(5~13歲)哮喘患者中普遍存在,在重癥及未控制患者中尤為顯著,而低水平血清VD(<50 nmol/L)會增加青少年及成人患哮喘的風(fēng)險,且VD缺乏與氣流受限有關(guān)[16-18]。對心肌細(xì)胞的研究顯示,補(bǔ)充VD可以使Wnt11和CK1蛋白表達(dá)增高,負(fù)向調(diào)控Wnt/β-catenin信號通路,達(dá)到抑制心肌細(xì)胞增殖、分化及重塑的效果[7],但VD是否通過β-catenin信號通路來調(diào)控TGF-β1誘導(dǎo)的大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮細(xì)胞間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化尚未見報道。

本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用VD或(及)ICG001預(yù)處理RLE-6TN細(xì)胞,后用TGF-β1刺激,研究觀察對RLE-6TN細(xì)胞間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化的影響。鏡下TGF-β1刺激組細(xì)胞形態(tài)上明顯呈現(xiàn)間質(zhì)細(xì)胞的特征,顯著梭形變,間隙明顯增大。但單用VD或ICG001預(yù)處理組細(xì)胞較TGF-β1刺激組則更多地呈鋪路石樣改變,細(xì)胞間隙有所變小,而VD+ICG001預(yù)處理組尤為明顯,接近正常組,細(xì)胞連接最為緊密,提示VD或(及)ICG001干預(yù)可以抑制RLE-6TN細(xì)胞的間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化。采用Western blot檢測相關(guān)蛋白發(fā)現(xiàn),VD能夠降低TGF-β1刺激組細(xì)胞的間葉細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物α-SMA以及細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)纖粘蛋白Fn的表達(dá),同時上調(diào)上皮標(biāo)志物E-cadherin的表達(dá),預(yù)處理組中VD+ICG001(E組)比單用VD(C組)或ICG001(D組)的效果更明顯,結(jié)果均具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。上述結(jié)果提示VD能夠抑制TGF-β1誘導(dǎo)下RLE-6TN細(xì)胞的上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化,從而對纖維化形成產(chǎn)生影響。

綜上所述,本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示VD能夠抑制TGF-β1誘導(dǎo)的大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮細(xì)胞間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化,同時VD與ICG001聯(lián)合干預(yù)顯示出更強(qiáng)的抑制大鼠肺泡Ⅱ型上皮細(xì)胞間質(zhì)化的作用。其機(jī)制可能在于VD負(fù)向調(diào)控Wnt/β-catenin信號通路,從而抑制β-catenin/TGF啟動下游靶基因轉(zhuǎn)錄,與ICG001發(fā)揮協(xié)同作用,起到抗纖維化的效應(yīng)。其具體機(jī)制有待進(jìn)一步研究,能夠?yàn)榕R床探索改善氣道重塑性疾病的藥物治療提供新思路。

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(收稿日期:2018-03-08 本文編輯:祁海文)

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