孟甦 錢邦磊 余常麟
[摘要] 目的 探明YES相關(guān)蛋白(Yes-associated protein, YAP)如何通過調(diào)控miR-29a的表達(dá)來調(diào)節(jié)PTEN表達(dá)量。方法 ①以N2a細(xì)胞為研究對象,高表達(dá)及抑制YAP,測量其miR-29家族的表達(dá)量,并篩選出改變最明顯的一個miRNA,并檢測PTEN蛋白的表達(dá);②通過改變miR-29a及YAP的蛋白水平,來檢測YAP是通過何途徑來調(diào)控PTEN蛋白的表達(dá)。結(jié)果 ①通過轉(zhuǎn)染了過表達(dá)YAP質(zhì)粒后,RT-PCR的結(jié)果顯示miR-29家族中的3個成員miR-29a,miR-29b,miR-29c都明顯上調(diào)了。其中miR-29a上調(diào)了明顯。而同時抑制了YAP的細(xì)胞中,miR-29的表達(dá)量都明顯下降。說明YAP與miR-29的表達(dá)量之間是一種正相關(guān)的聯(lián)系。另外一方面,PTEN的表達(dá)量則正好與miR-29及YAP相反,在抑制了YAP后,PTEN的表達(dá)量呈現(xiàn)的上升趨勢,而過表達(dá)了YAP后,PTEN則明顯下降。這說明YAP與PTEN之間是一種負(fù)相關(guān)的聯(lián)系。②無論YAP的量改變?nèi)绾?,起到?jīng)Q定性作用的仍然還是miR-29a。下游的PTEN受YAP及miR-29a調(diào)控,而其中miR-29a作為作用中樞又受到上游YAP的調(diào)控。這些證據(jù)都揭示了YAP對PTEN的調(diào)節(jié)作用是通過對miR-29a的調(diào)節(jié)來實現(xiàn)的。結(jié)論 該研究初步證實YAP能夠通過對miR-29a的調(diào)控來實現(xiàn)對PTEN的表達(dá),從而為治療神經(jīng)脊髓損傷提供研究基礎(chǔ)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] YAP;miR-29a;PTEN
[中圖分類號] R329? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1674-0742(2018)09(a)-0021-03
Study on the Regulation of PTEN Expression by YES-related Proteins
MENG Su1, QIAN Bang-lei2, YU Chang-lin3
1.Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215000 China; 2.Department of Planning, Development and Performance Assessment, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215000 China; 3.Department of Orthopedics, Changzhou Second People's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, 213164 China
[Abstract] Objective To explore how YES (Yes-associated protein) regulates the expression of PTEN by regulating the expression of miR-29a. Methods 1.N2a cells as the study object, high expression and inhibition of YAP, measuring the expression of the miR-29 family, and screening out the most obvious change in a miRNA, and detection of PTEN protein expression; 2.by changing the miR- Protein levels of 29a and YAP to detect the pathway by which YAP regulates PTEN protein expression. Results 1.RT-PCR showed that miR-29a, miR-29b and miR-29c were significantly up-regulated in the miR-29 family. Among them, miR-29a was significantly upregulated. In the cells that inhibited YAP at the same time, the expression of miR-29 decreased significantly. There was a positive correlation between the expression of YAP and miR-29. On the other hand, the expression level of PTEN was exactly the same as that of miR-29 and YAP. After inhibiting YAP, the expression level of PTEN showed an upward trend, while after overexpression of YAP, PTEN significantly decreased. This showed that there was a negative correlation between YAP and PTEN. 2.Regardless of how the YAP changes, the miR-29a still played a decisive role. Downstream PTEN was regulated by YAP and miR-29a, and miR-29a was centrally regulated by upstream YAP. These evidences had revealed that the regulation of PTEN by YAP was achieved through the regulation of miR-29a. Conclusion This study initially confirmed that YAP can achieve the expression of PTEN through the regulation of miR-29a, which provides a basis for the treatment of neuronal spinal cord injury.
[Key words] YAP; miR-29a; PTEN
最近的研究表明Hippo信號通路在調(diào)節(jié)動物器官與組織大小方面起到越來越重要的作用[1-2]。Yes相關(guān)蛋白作為哺乳動物Hippo通路最下游的效應(yīng)器,它的磷酸化及抑制功能受到Hippo通路成分Lats因子的調(diào)節(jié)。
1? YAP上調(diào)了miR-29a的表達(dá)量并且下調(diào)了PTEN的表達(dá)
1.1? 材料與方法
1.1.1? 主要材料及儀器? 小鼠來源神經(jīng)瘤母細(xì)胞(購自上海中科院)。
1.1.2? 實驗方法? ①細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)及傳代,RT-PCR(mRNA),Western Blot; ②過表達(dá)載體及干擾質(zhì)粒的構(gòu)建;③過表達(dá)載體合成于上海生工技術(shù)有限公司;④過表達(dá)質(zhì)粒及干擾質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染N2a細(xì)胞。
1.2? 結(jié)果
通過轉(zhuǎn)染了過表達(dá)YAP質(zhì)粒后,RT-PCR的結(jié)果顯示miR-29家族中的3個成員miR-29a,miR-29b,miR-29c都明顯上調(diào)了。其中miR-29a上調(diào)了最為明顯。而同時抑制了YAP的細(xì)胞中,發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-29的表達(dá)量都明顯下降。這說明YAP與miR-29的表達(dá)量之間是一種正相關(guān)的聯(lián)系。如圖1所示。
另外一方面,PTEN的表達(dá)量則正好與miR-29及YAP相反,在抑制了YAP后,PTEN的表達(dá)量呈現(xiàn)出明顯的上升趨勢,而過表達(dá)了YAP后,PTEN則明顯下降。這說明YAP與PTEN之間是一種負(fù)相關(guān)的聯(lián)系。如圖2所示。
2? YAP對PTEN的調(diào)節(jié)作用是通過miR-29a來實現(xiàn)的
2.1? 材料與方法
2.1.1? 主要材料及儀器? YAP過表達(dá)N2a細(xì)胞,YAP低表達(dá)N2a細(xì)胞,正常N2a細(xì)胞。
2.1.2? 實驗方法? 轉(zhuǎn)染,Western-blot,PCR(同1.1.2)。
2.2? 結(jié)果
為了研究YAP是直接調(diào)控PTEN,還是通過miR-29a來調(diào)控。在YAP KD的細(xì)胞中順轉(zhuǎn)了miR-29a mimic,同時在YAP OE的細(xì)胞中順轉(zhuǎn)了miR-29a inhibitor,通過蛋白表達(dá)分析,測出PTEN,p-AKT,AKT的表達(dá)量。在YAP OE的細(xì)胞系中,通過用miR-29a inhibitor抑制了miR-29a,然后發(fā)現(xiàn)PTEN的表達(dá)量明顯升高,而p-AKT則是下降了,與此同時,AKT并無明顯改變。而在YAP KD的細(xì)胞系中,miR-29a mimic則上調(diào)了miR-29a,PTEN的表達(dá)量是降低的,而p-AKT則上升了,同樣的,AKT表達(dá)量并無明顯改變。如圖3所示。
3? 討論
在YAP過表達(dá)后處理后的細(xì)胞中,miR-29家族的表達(dá)是明顯增加的,而其中miR-29a的表達(dá)量增加的最明顯。而PTEN蛋白明顯下降。從而揭示了YAP可以上調(diào)miR-29a,下調(diào)PTEN蛋白表達(dá)這一現(xiàn)象。為了確定YAP對PTEN的這種作用是否取決于miR-29a,該次采取了兩步實驗。鑒于PTEN蛋白在神經(jīng)生長及分化方面的重要作用以及miR-29a與PTEN蛋白的關(guān)系做了一個蛋白分析和基因分析去測量PTEN的表達(dá)量。發(fā)現(xiàn)了YAP與PTEN之間的負(fù)相關(guān)聯(lián)系。然后,又同時調(diào)節(jié)了miR-29a和YAP的表達(dá)量。在YAP 過表達(dá)細(xì)胞中下調(diào)miR-29a,在YAP 抑制細(xì)胞中上調(diào)miR-29a。通過測量miR-29a下游的基因PTEN。發(fā)現(xiàn)下調(diào)miR-29a能逆轉(zhuǎn)YAP介導(dǎo)的PTEN的表達(dá)。不管YAP的改變?nèi)绾?,PTEN的表達(dá)取決于miR-29a的量。這些結(jié)果與miR-29a的改變是相同的。這說明,無論YAP的量改變?nèi)绾?,起到?jīng)Q定性作用的仍然還是miR-29a。為了進(jìn)一步的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)miR-29a促進(jìn)神經(jīng)軸突生長是通過下調(diào)PTEN的表達(dá)及上調(diào)Akt的磷酸化。而該次的研究確實可以證明Yes相關(guān)蛋白能通過增加miR-29a的表達(dá)量來抑制PTEN蛋白。下游的PTEN受YAP及miR-29a調(diào)控,而其中miR-29a作為作用中樞又受到上游YAP的調(diào)控。這些證據(jù)都揭示了YAP對PTEN的調(diào)節(jié)作用是通過對miR-29a的調(diào)節(jié)來實現(xiàn)的。揭示了YAP是通過miR-29a來調(diào)控PTEN的表達(dá)。而PTEN蛋白(Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10)作為miR-29家族的一個作用靶點,是現(xiàn)在已知與神經(jīng)細(xì)胞軸突生長息息相關(guān)的[6-8]。PTEN蛋白的抑制可以促進(jìn)神經(jīng)的生長與再生。從而為治療神經(jīng)脊髓損傷提供研究基礎(chǔ)。
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