李華軍 舒清海

這類試題在全國(guó)卷中偶爾會(huì)出現(xiàn)，題干中常含有come from或take from。解答這類題時(shí)要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容、文體特征或某些關(guān)鍵詞去推斷。

全國(guó)卷真題演練

閱讀下列選段，從每題所給的A， B， C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

（2018年全國(guó)Ⅱ卷）Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.

Of the common berries， strawberries are highest in vitamin C， although， because of their seeds， raspberries contain a little more protein（蛋白質(zhì)）， iron and zinc（not that fruits have much protein）. Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants （抗氧化物質(zhì)）. The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants. As for cherries（櫻桃）， they are so delicious. Who cares？ However， they are rich in vitamin C.

When combined with berries or slices of other fruits， frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick， cooling fruits shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose， select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze. If you like， a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks， depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.

If you have a juicer， you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert， to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a childrens party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.

1. What does the author seem to like about cherries？

A. They contain protein.

B. They are high in vitamin A.

C. They have a pleasant taste.

D. They are rich in antioxidants.

2. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas？

A. To make them smell better.

B. To keep their colour.

C. To speed up their ripening.

D. To improve their nutrition.

3. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph？

A. A dessert. ????????????????????B. A drink.

C. A container. ??????????????????D. A machine.

4. From which is the text probably taken？

A. A biology textbook. ??????????????B. A health magazine.

C. A research paper. ????????????????D. A travel brochure.

（2013年全國(guó)課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷） They baby is just one day old and has not yet left hospital. She is quiet but alert（警覺）. Twenty centimeters from her face researchers have placed a white card with two black spots on it. She stares at it carefully. A researcher removes the card and replaces it by another， this time with the spots differently spaced. As the cards change from one to the other， her gaze（凝視）starts to lose its focus—until a third， with three black spots， is presented. Her gaze returns; she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card. Can she tell that the number two is different from three， just 24 hours after coming into the world？

Or do newborns simply prefer more to fewer？ The same experiment， but with three spots shown before two， shows the same return of interest when the number of spots changes. Perhaps it is just the newness？ When slightly older babies were shown cards with pictures of objects（a comb， a key， an orange and so on）， changing the number of objects had an effect separate from changing the objects themselves. Could it be the pattern that two things make， as opposed to three？ No again. Babies paid more attention to squares moving randomly on a screen when their number changed from two to three， or three to two. The effect even crosses between senses. Babies who were repeatedly shown two spots became more excited when they then heard three drumbeats than when they heard just two; likewise（同樣地） when the researchers started with drumbeats and moved to spots.

1. The experiment described in Paragraph 1 is related to the babys _______.

A. sense of hearing ????????????????B. sense of sight

C. sense of touch ??????????????????D. sense of smell

2. Babies are sensitive to the change in _______.

A. the size of cards ?????????????B. the colour of pictures

C. the shape of patterns ???????D. the number of objects

3. Why did the researchers test the babies with drumbeats？

A. To reduce the difficulty of the experiment.

B. To see how babies recognize sounds.

C. To carry their experiment further.

D. To keep the babies interest.

4. Where does this text probably come from？

A. Science fiction. ???????????????B. Childrens literature.

C. An advertisement. ????????????D. A science report.

（2012年全國(guó)課標(biāo)卷）Are you looking for some new and exciting places to take your kids to？ Try some of these places：

Visit art museums. They offer a variety of activities to excite your kids interest. Many offer workshops for making hand-made pieces， traveling exhibits， book signings（簽名）by childrens favorite writers， and even musical performances and other arts.

Head to a natural history museum. This is where kids can discover the past from dinosaur ?models to rock collections and pictures of stars in the sky. Also， ask what kind of workshops and educational programs are prepared for kids and any special events that are coming up.

Go to a Youtheater. Look for one in your area offering plays for child and family visitors. Pre-show play shops are conducted by area artists and educators where kids can discover the secret about performing arts. Puppet（木偶）making and stage make-up are just a couple of the special offerings you might find.

Try hands-on science. Visit one of the many hands-on science museums around the country. These science play-lands are great fun for kids and grown-ups alike. Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons， experimenting， and building. When everyone is tired， enjoy a fun family science show， commonly found in these museums.

1. If a child is interested in the universe， he probably will visit _______.

A. a Youtheater ?????????????????B. an art museum

C. a natural history museum ? D. a hands-on science museum

2. What can kids do at a Youtheater？

A. Look at rock collections. ???????B. See dinosaur models.

C. Watch puppet making. ??????????D. Give performances.

3. What does“hands-on science”mean in the last paragraph？

A. Science games designed by kids.

B. Learning science by doing things.

C. A show of kids science work.

D. Reading science books.

4. Where does this text probably come from？

A. A science textbook. B. A tourist map.

C. A museum guide. ? D. A news report.

（2013年全國(guó)大綱卷）The oldest and most common source （來源） of renewable energy known to man， biomass is one of the most important forms of energy production in the United States and elsewhere. Since such a wide variety of biomass materials is everywhere——from trees and grasses to agricultural and city——life wastes——biomass promises to play a continuing role in providing power and heat for millions of people around the world.

According to the Union of Concerned Scientists（UCS）， biomass is a kind of renewable energy source that produces no carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）， because the energy it contains comes from the sun. When plant matter is burned， it gives off the suns energy. In this way， biomass serves as a sort of natural battery（電池） for storing the suns energy. As long as biomass is produced continuously——with only as much grown as is used——the “battery” lasts forever.

According to the Energy Information Administration， biomass has been one of the leading renewable energy sources in the United States for several years running through 2007， making up between 0.5 and 0.9 percent of the nations total electricity supply. In 2008——although the numbers arent all in yet——wind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.

Producing power from biomass helps reduce some 11 million tons of carbon dioxide each year. Some homeowners also try to make their own heat by using biomass materials. Such practice may save homeowners money， but it also produces a lot of pollution. So， the best way is to encourage power plants to use it.

1. Why is biomass considered as “a sort of natural battery”？

A. It burns merely plant matter.

B. It keeps producing electricity.

C. It stores the energy from the sun.

D. It produces zero carbon dioxide.

2. We learn from the text that in 2008 ______.

A. wind power would be the leader of renewable energy

B. there was a rapid growth of electricity production

C. biomass might become the main energy source

D. 0.5～0.9% of power supply came from biomass

3. Why does the author encourage power plants to use biomass？

A. To prevent the waste of energy.

B. To increase production safety.

C. To reduce pollution.

D. To save money.

4. Where does the text probably come from？

A. A research plan. ??? B. A science magazine.

C. A book review. ?? D. A business report.

各省卷真題演練

（2008年天津卷C篇）Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier—the shark.

Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms.

Lauren Smith， 24， is close to completing her study on sharks ability to sense pressure.

If her studies prove the theory， scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.

Miss Smith had previously studied the behaviour of lemon sharks in the Bahamas.

She then used their close relatives， lesser spotted dogfish， for further research at Aberdeen University.

Her work—thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory—resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.

Miss Smith said： “Ive always been crazy about traveling and diving and this led me to an interest in sharks.”

“I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree. I know theres so much more we need to understand —but it certainly opens the way to more research.”

It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system.

At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas， Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature， while also tracking them using GPS（Global Positioning System） technology.

In Aberdeen， she was able to study the effects of tidal （潮汐的） and temperature changes on dogfish—none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic（模擬） oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts.

She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research.

1. Where does the passage most probably come from？

A. A short-story collection.

B. A popular science magazine.

C. A research paper.

D. A personal diary.

2. What do we learn from the first four paragraphs of the passage？

A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather.

B. Sharks behaviour can be controlled.

C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job.

D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster.

3. Lauren Smith conducted her research by __________.

A. removing hair cells from a sharks balance system

B. measuring the air pressure of weather fronts

C. recording sharks body temperature

D. monitoring sharks reaction to weather changes

4. What is the passage mainly about？

A. A popular way of forecasting weather.

B. A new research effort in predicting storms.

C. Biologists interest in the secrets of sharks.

D. Lauren Smiths devotion to scientific research.

（2013年安徽卷）The Healthy Habits Survey（調(diào)查）shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.

1. How many times did you brush your teeth yesterday？

·Finding：A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.

·Step：Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning with a battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes， at least twice a day.

2. How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday？

·Finding：Seniors， on average， bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.

·Step：We touch our faces around 3， 000 times a day—often inviting germs（病菌）to enter our mouth， nose， and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And， most important， wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.

3. How often do you think about fighting germs？

·Finding：Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.

·Step：Be aware of germs. Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge（海綿）that can carry more germs than anything else？ To kill these germs， keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.

1. What is found out American seniors？

A. Most of them have good habits.

B. Nearly 30% of then bathe three days a week.

C. All of them are fighting germs better than expected.

D. About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day

2. How many times do doctors suggest people wash their hands each day？

A. Twice a day. ????????????????????????B. Three times a day.

C. Four times a day. ???????????????D. Eight times a day.

3. Which of the following is true according to the text ？

A. We should keep from touching our faces.

B. There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.

C. A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.

D. We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.

4. Where does the text probably come from？

A. A guide book. ?????????B. A popular magazine.

C. A book review. ????????D. An official document.

（2010年遼寧卷）On May 23，1989， Stefania Follini came out from a cave at Carlsbad， New Mexico. She hadnt seen the sun for eighteen and a half weeks. Stefania was in a research program， and the scientists in the program were studying body rhythms（節(jié)奏）. In this experiment Stefania had spent 130 days in a cave， 30 feet in depth.

During her time in the cave， Stefania had been completely alone except for two white mice. Her living place had been very comfortable， but there had been nothing to tell her the time. Shed had no clocks or watches， no television or radio. There had been no natural light and the temperature had always been kept at 21℃.

The results were very interesting. Stefania had been in the cave for over four months， but she thought she had been there for only two. Her body clock had changed. She hadnt kept to a 24-hour day， she had stayed awake for 20-25 hours and then had slept for 10 hours. She had eaten fewer meals and had lost 17 1bs in weight as a result！ She had also become rather depressed.

How had she spent her time in the cave？ As part of the experiment shed done some physical and mental tests. Shed recorded her daily activities and the results of the tests on a computer. This computer had been specially programmed for the project. Whenever she was free， shed played cards， read books and listened to music. Shed also learned French from tapes.

The experiment showed that our body clocks are affected by light and temperature. For example， the pattern of day and night makes us wake up and go to sleep. However， people are affected in different ways. Some people wake up naturally at 5：00 am， but others dont start to wake up till 9：00 or 10：00 am. This affects the whole daily rhythm. As a result， the early risers are at their best in the late morning. The late risers， on the other hand， are tired during the day and only come to life in the afternoon or evening！

1. Why did Stefania stay in the cave for a long time？

A. She was asked to do research on mice.

B. She wanted to experience loneliness.

C. She was the subject of a study.

D. She needed to record her life.

2. What is a cause for the change of Stefanias body clock？

A. Eating fewer meals.

B. Having more hours of sleep.

C. Lacking physical exercise.

D. Getting no natural light.

3. Where does the text probably come from？

A. A novel. ?????????????????B. A news story.

C. A pet magazine. ???????D. A travel guide.

（2011年四川卷）The multi-million pound new Library of Birmingham（LoB）will be the most visible sign of the way the city is accepting the digitalization（數(shù)字化）of everyday life.

Set to open in 2013， the ￡188m LoB is already beginning to take shape next to the Birmingham Repertory Theatre， with which it will share some equipment.

As digital media（媒介）is important to its idea， the project is already providing chances for some of the many small new local companies working at the new technologies.

Brian Gambles， the LoB project director， says it is about giving people the right tools for learning： “The aim is to mix the physical with the digital， providing 24-hour services which can be used through many different ways. It is important to enable us to reach more people， more effectively.”

The digital library will， he says， be as important as the physical one， allowing the distant use of the services， making sure that it is never closed to the public.

Even before the LoB is complete， the public has been able to go online to visit the Virtual（虛擬的）LoB， designed by Baden， the Birmingham virtual worlds specialists. Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB， but the virtual one has also enabled those working on the LoB to understand the building and how it will work before it even opens.

Two other small Birmingham-based digital companies are working on the LoB projects. Substrat， a digital design company， is developing what it calls an example of an“enlarged reality” project. It is about the use of an exciting smart phone， an important part of the LoB which is in the early stages of development. And The Peoples Archive is an online library of historical figures of the city being built up by a digital content company in Cahoots， in which users will be encouraged to add to and comment on the material.

Gambles says：“Technology will enable us to make the librarys content and services open to citizens as never before.”

1. The underline part“its idea” in Paragraph 3 refers to the idea of____________.

A. the equipment ?????????????B. the project

C. the digital media ??????????D. the physical library

2. While visiting the Virtual LoB， the public can__________.

A. get a general idea of the LoB

B. meet many world-famous experts

C. learn how to put up a library building

D. understand how the specialists work on the project

3. Which of the following is true of the LoB when it opens？

a. It offers better learning tools.

b. It reaches users in different ways.

c. It provides users with smart phones.

d. It allows users to enrich its material.

e. It gives non-stop physical and digital services.

A. a，b，d ??????????B. a，c，e ??????????C. b，c，d ??????????D. b，d，e

4. Where is the text most probably taken from？

A. A computer book. ???????????????B. A library guide.

C. A project handbook. ????????????D. A newspaper report.

（2009年遼寧卷）A volcanic eruption in Iceland has sent ash across northern Europe. Airlines have stopped or changed the flights across the Atlantic Ocean， leaving airport hundreds of passengers stuck in airports.

Grimsvotn is one of the largest and most active volcanoes in Europe. What makes Grimsvom different is that it lies under a huge glacier（冰川）of ice up to 12 meters thick. The hot volcano heats up the ice above it， which then forms a layer（層）of water between the glacier and the volcano. This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano， keeping it stable. As the water flows out from under the glacier， the pressure lifts. The lava（巖漿）from the volcano then comes up to the surface. This is exactly what happened today.

Now， airlines have to make changes to their flights so as not to fly through the clouds of volcanic ash. According to KLM， one of Europes biggest airlines， airplanes cannot go under the cloud or over it. Going through the cloud can result in ash getting stuck in the airplanes engines， causing damage to the plane.

The eruption has also caused problems for animals in Iceland. The volcano left ash and sharp， glass-like rocks all over the countryside. Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash-covered grass or the sharp objects.

1. What makes Grimsvotn different from other volcanoes？

A. It is below ice.

B. It lies under the sea.

C. It is the largest volcano.

D. Its lava affects the airlines.

2. What keeps Grimsvotn still？

A. The slow flow of water.

B. The low water temperature.

C. The thick glacier.

D. The water pressure.

3. Which of the following is the result of the volcanic eruption？

A. People stop traveling in Europe.

B. Airlines suffer from the loss of planes.

C. It becomes dangerous for animals to eat outside.

D. Farmers have lost many of their animals.

4. Where is this text most probably taken from？

A. A research paper.

B. A newspaper report.

C. A class presentation.

D. A geography textbook.

參考答案與解析

（一）本文是健康飲食類說明文。作者主要介紹了各種莓類和核類水果營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富以及和冰凍香蕉等水果搭配的兩種不同食用方法：果昔和軟冰淇淋。

1. C 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由題干中的cherries定位到第二段倒數(shù)第二、三句。由“As for cherries， they are so delicious. Who cares？”可知，櫻桃非常美味，故選C項(xiàng)。該項(xiàng)They have a pleasant taste與文中they are so delicious同義。

2. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的lemon juice可定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句“If you like， a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown.”，由此可知，選B項(xiàng)。該項(xiàng)keep their colour（使其保持不變色）與prevent them turning brown （阻止它們變成褐色）同義。

3. D 推理判斷題。由劃線詞本身可知在第四段，根據(jù)“If you have a juicer， you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert， to be eaten right away. （將冰凍香蕉和一些莓類水果或水果切片放進(jìn)去，出來的是奶油狀甜品，可以馬上飲用。）”可推知，juicer指的是榨汁機(jī)。故選D項(xiàng)，而且下句“they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine”可進(jìn)一步印證。

4. B 推斷文章出處。從第一段中的berries and stone fruits和nutritional可知，本文是講草莓和核果的營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分的。第二段介紹各種莓類和核果所含具體營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分。第三段講冰凍香蕉等水果搭配的食用方法。根據(jù)這些內(nèi)容可推斷，此文可能出現(xiàn)在“健康雜志”中。選自“生物學(xué)教科書”“研究論文”“旅游指南”的可能性不大。

（二）對(duì)剛出生一天的嬰兒做實(shí)驗(yàn)，通過變化紙上的黑點(diǎn)及鼓的敲打次數(shù)對(duì)嬰兒的視覺、聽覺進(jìn)行的一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。

1. B 推理判斷題。由第一段中的“She stares it carefully...， her gaze starts to lose its focus”可知，本段是對(duì)孩子的視覺實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。

2. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“until a third， with three black spots， is presented. Her gaze returns; she looks at it for twice as long as she did at the previous card.”可知，當(dāng)圖片上物體的數(shù)量發(fā)生變化時(shí)，嬰兒注視圖片的時(shí)間增加了一倍。由此可知，嬰兒對(duì)物體數(shù)量的變化非常敏感。故選D項(xiàng)。

3. C 推理判斷題。由題干中的drumbeats可定位到第二段段末。由倒數(shù)第二句“The effect even crosses between senses.”可知，這種影響甚至?xí)缭狡鞴?。第一部分?duì)孩子的視力進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)，接下來用鼓來對(duì)孩子的聽力繼續(xù)試驗(yàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。

4. D 推斷文章出處。本文介紹了對(duì)嬰兒進(jìn)行的試驗(yàn)、試驗(yàn)的經(jīng)過、結(jié)果等，文中多次出現(xiàn)的researcher和experiment，由此可推斷本文選自“科學(xué)報(bào)告”。

（三）本文主要介紹幾家各具特色的博物館，可以帶給孩子們一些新的體驗(yàn)。

1. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Head to a natural history museum部分的第二句“This is where kids can discover ... pictures of stars in the sky.”可知，孩子們?cè)谶@里可以了解宇宙或星系。故選C項(xiàng)。

2. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Go to a Youtheater部分的內(nèi)容可知，在這里孩子們可以看到木偶的制作、了解舞臺(tái)化妝等內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)。

3. B 推理判斷題。由Try hands-on science部分的第三句“Theyll keep your child mentally and physically active the whole day through while pushing buttons， experimenting， and building.”可知，這里指通過動(dòng)手操作而學(xué)習(xí)的方式。故選B項(xiàng)。

4. C 推斷文章出處。由第一段“你在尋找一些新鮮而又令人興奮的地方帶你小孩（kids）去嗎？請(qǐng)?jiān)囋囅旅孢@些地方”和所列項(xiàng)目中含museum可以判斷，本文出自博物館參觀指南，故選C項(xiàng)。出自“科學(xué)教科書”“旅游地圖”“新聞報(bào)道”的可能性不大。

（四）本文是一篇科普文，主要介紹了biomass的特征、優(yōu)點(diǎn)以及它在美國(guó)能源中的地位。

1. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由題干中的“a sort of natural battery”可定位到第二段第三句，由前兩句中的“because the energy it contains comes from the sun. When plant matter is burned， it gives off the suns energy.”可知，biomass被稱為“天然電池”是因?yàn)樗哪芰縼碓从谔?yáng)能，故選C項(xiàng)。

2. A 推理判斷題。由第三段最后一句“In 2008——although the numbers arent all in yet——wind power probably took over first place because of the rapid development of wind farms across the country.”可知，盡管2008年的數(shù)據(jù)還未收集完全，但因?yàn)槿珖?guó)風(fēng)力農(nóng)村的快速發(fā)展，風(fēng)能可能會(huì)占據(jù)首位。由此可推斷，到2008年，風(fēng)能會(huì)占據(jù)新能源的首位。故選A項(xiàng)。

3. C 推理判斷題。由最后一段內(nèi)容可知，用生物燃料發(fā)電每年能減少約1100萬(wàn)噸的二氧化碳。一些房主試圖自己使用生物燃料來供暖，但這樣子可能會(huì)制造大量污染。所以作者鼓勵(lì)發(fā)電廠使用生物燃料，通過集中處理減少污染。

4. B 推斷文章出處。由各段首句可知本文講的是biomass是美國(guó)最重要的可再生能源生產(chǎn)形式之一，它不會(huì)產(chǎn)生二氧化碳。由這些內(nèi)容可知，本文可能出自“科學(xué)雜志”，選自“研究計(jì)劃”“書評(píng)”“商業(yè)報(bào)告”的可能性不大。故選B項(xiàng)。

（五）本文是一篇科普文，主要介紹了英國(guó)生物系學(xué)生研究用鯊魚活動(dòng)來預(yù)報(bào)暴風(fēng)雨的實(shí)驗(yàn)。

1. B 推斷文章出處。由文章內(nèi)容可知，這是一篇科普讀物，A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)較容易排除;文中并未出現(xiàn)大量的專業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)，由此看來不是研究報(bào)告，因此可將C項(xiàng)排除，故選B項(xiàng)。

2. A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由前四段內(nèi)容可知，英國(guó)生物系學(xué)生的研究表明鯊魚可以被用來預(yù)測(cè)暴風(fēng)雨，而Lauren Smith即將完成了她的研究。如果她的研究能證明這一理論，科學(xué)家就能通過監(jiān)視鯊魚的行為來預(yù)測(cè)壞天氣。由此可見，鯊魚可能會(huì)被用來預(yù)測(cè)壞天氣，故選A項(xiàng)。

3. D 推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第三段“Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature”可知，Miss Smith在鯊魚身上安裝了高科技感應(yīng)器來記錄壓力和溫度，即監(jiān)視鯊魚對(duì)天氣變化的反應(yīng)，故選D項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)只提到了一點(diǎn)，不夠全面。

4. B 主旨要義題。本文主要介紹了英國(guó)生物系學(xué)生研究用鯊魚活動(dòng)來預(yù)報(bào)暴風(fēng)雨的實(shí)驗(yàn)，故選B項(xiàng)。

（六）本文是一篇關(guān)于美國(guó)老年人健康習(xí)慣的調(diào)研報(bào)告，本文列舉了調(diào)查結(jié)果并相應(yīng)給出了專家建議。

1. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一個(gè)問題中的Finding部分“A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.”可知，有33% （即三分之一）的老年人一天只刷一次牙，故選D項(xiàng)。由第一段中的“only about one third of American seniors have correct habits”可知A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;由第二個(gè)問題的Finding部分“Seniors， on average， bathe fewer than 3 days a week.”可知B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤;由第三個(gè)問題的Finding部分“Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.”可知D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

2. D 推理判斷題。由第二個(gè)問題的Finding部分“And nearly 30%wash their hands only 4 times a day—half of the number doctors recommend.”可知，接近30%的老年人每天洗四次手——這只是醫(yī)生建議次數(shù)的一半。由此可推斷，醫(yī)生建議每天洗八次手，選項(xiàng)D正確。

3. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三個(gè)問題的Step部分的“Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge （海綿） that can carry more germs than anything else？ ”可知，細(xì)菌最多的不是廁所，而是廚房海綿，故選C項(xiàng)。

4. B 推斷文章出處。本文是一篇關(guān)于美國(guó)老年人健康習(xí)慣的調(diào)研報(bào)告，這樣的文章不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在“旅游指南”“書評(píng)”“官方文件”中，故可排除A、C、D三項(xiàng)。這調(diào)研報(bào)告是關(guān)于健康習(xí)慣的，面向的群體應(yīng)該是普通大眾，故最有可能出自雜志中。

（七）本文通過一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了人的生物鐘會(huì)受光和溫度的影響而改變。

1. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。分析第一段，尤其是“Stefania was in a research program”可知， ?Stefania長(zhǎng)時(shí)間待在山洞的原因是她當(dāng)時(shí)在參加一個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目，她是被研究對(duì)象。

2. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Shed had no clocks or watches， no television or radio. There had been no natural light...”可知，Stefania不知道時(shí)間、沒有電視看、沒有收音機(jī)聽，甚至看不到自然光，因此她的生物鐘紊亂了。

3. B 推斷文章出處。本文主要報(bào)道了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)及實(shí)驗(yàn)得出的結(jié)果， ?所以由此判斷本文可能來自于新聞報(bào)道。

（八）本文是一則新聞報(bào)道。即將落成的Library of Birmingham（LoB）將是伯明翰城市接受日常生活數(shù)字化的標(biāo)志。

1. B 詞義猜測(cè)題。第三段中的“the project”指的是文章中出現(xiàn)的“The LoB project”，結(jié)合劃線部分的上下文語(yǔ)境可知此處講的是數(shù)字媒體對(duì)這個(gè)項(xiàng)目很重要，故B項(xiàng)正確。

2. A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第六段第二句中的“Not only have the public been able to learn about LoB...”可知，公眾訪問虛擬LoB可以讓公眾了解LoB的大體情況，故選A項(xiàng)。

3. A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知a、b正確，e錯(cuò)誤;根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的第二句可知c錯(cuò)誤;由倒數(shù)第二段的最后一句可知d正確，故選A項(xiàng)。

4. D 推斷文章出處。本文主要介紹了即將落成的Library of Birmingham（LoB）的相關(guān)情況，最有可能是一則新聞報(bào)道。

（九）冰島火山爆發(fā)， 火山灰彌漫北部歐洲。火山的爆發(fā)給航班和動(dòng)物帶來了一定的負(fù)面影響。

1. A 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第二句“What makes Grimsvom different is that it lies under a huge glacier（冰川） of ice up to 12 maters thick”可知，這座火山與其他火山不同的是它位于12米厚的巨大冰川之下， 故選A項(xiàng)。

2. D 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段第四句“This layer of water puts pressure on the volcano， keeping it stable.”可知， 水層給了火山巨大的壓力， 使其保持穩(wěn)定， 故選D項(xiàng)。

3. C 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段最后一句“Farmers are keeping their animals inside to stop them from eating ash- covered grass to the sharp object.”可知， 農(nóng)民們將動(dòng)物關(guān)在室內(nèi)，避免它們吃被火山灰覆蓋的草和那些鋒利的東西， 故選C項(xiàng)。

4. B 推斷文章出處。文章內(nèi)容是：冰島的火山爆發(fā)。簡(jiǎn)要的火山地理位置和穩(wěn)定的原因以及火山爆發(fā)后的影響， 比較簡(jiǎn)潔完整， 是新聞的特點(diǎn)， 故選B項(xiàng)。

責(zé)任編輯 ??蔣小青