【譯題】制定成功之路：美國(guó)STEM教育戰(zhàn)略（三）

Product of the COMMITTEE ON STEM EDUCATION of the NATIONAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL

美國(guó)國(guó)家科學(xué)技術(shù)委員會(huì)STEM教育委員會(huì)

Pathways to Success（Ⅰ）

Develop and Enrich Strategic Partnerships

America will benefit from strategic partnerships that align what is taught and learned with what is needed at work and in the community. Cross-sector strategic partnerships are needed that better connect educational entities， employers， and the broader communities they serve in order to foster communication and better align workforce needs with educational preparation.

There are three objectives under this pathway：

Foster STEM Ecosystems that Unite Communities

STEM ecosystems engage educators and individuals within and outside a formal educational setting， and include， among others， families； school districts； State， local， and Tribal governments； the Federal Government and Federal facilities； libraries； museums and science centers； community colleges， technical schools， and universities； community groups and clubs； foundations and nonprofits； faith- based organizations； and businesses. STEM ecosystems focus on long-term， shared， sustainable， and flexible STEM missions.

Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include：

·Establish additional connections between Federal STEM professionals and Federal facilities and local and regional STEM ecosystems to provide additional opportunities for mentorship， educator professional development， curriculum material development， and other community engagement activities. Establish a single， searchable， user-friendly online resource.

·Increase the number of Federal funding opportunities that include STEM ecosystem engagement or development as an award selection criterion.

·Support intramural and extramural research on factors that influence the success of STEM ecosystems and disseminate successful practices.

Increase Work-Based Learning and Training through Educator-Employer Partnerships

Strategic partnerships that promote work-based learning （WBL） experiences offer powerful， relevant ways to ensure that STEM learning is authentic and engaging， and that learners are prepared to succeed in the modern workforce.

Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include：

·Expand the availability of high-quality， paid internships and apprenticeships within Federal agencies.

·Increase the use of the flexible hiring authorities provided by the Federal Pathways employment program， expedite the conversion of Pathways employees to competitive service positions， and quickly begin to use the recently expanded direct and expedited hiring authorities， with a focus on creating a more diverse Federal STEM workforce.

·Increase the number of Federal funding opportunities that explicitly include the use of WBL partnerships as an award selection criterion， including opportunities for educators to broaden their skills through WBL outside the classroom.

·Develop new hiring authorities to convert apprentices， interns， postdoctoral fellows， and others participating in WBL programs to full-time， permanent Federal employment.

Blend Successful Practices from Across the Learning Landscape

Education systems that combine high-quality career and technical training with college preparatory curriculum are particularly effective at preparing students for both employment and post-secondary study， especially when training required to obtain industry-recognized credentials is embedded in the coursework.

Federal agencies should continue to support collaborations among core academic and technical educators in both formal and informal learning environments and endeavor to further unite stakeholders from across the learning landscape.

Key Federal actions needed to achieve this objective include：

·Prioritize Federal support for STEM educator “upskilling” and professional development， including CTE and college preparatory teachers and educators working in both formal and informal settings.

·Prioritize research on the most effective approaches for blending successful learning practices across formal and informal and college preparatory and CTE settings.

·Convene stakeholders through webinars， workshops， and other mechanisms to share effective approaches for blending successful learning practices， and to develop guidance for educators on scaling and replicating best practices.

通往成功的道路（一）

發(fā)展和豐富戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系

美國(guó)將從戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系中受益，這種關(guān)系將教授和學(xué)習(xí)的內(nèi)容與工作和社區(qū)需要的內(nèi)容結(jié)合起來(lái)。美國(guó)政府需要建立跨部門(mén)戰(zhàn)略伙伴關(guān)系，更好地將教育實(shí)體、雇主和他們所服務(wù)的更廣泛的社區(qū)聯(lián)系起來(lái)，以便促進(jìn)溝通，更好地將勞動(dòng)力需求與教育準(zhǔn)備相結(jié)合。

在此路徑之下有三個(gè)目標(biāo)。

培育聯(lián)結(jié)STEM共同體的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)

建立涵蓋學(xué)校、家庭、社區(qū)學(xué)院、博物館和科學(xué)中心、公共圖書(shū)館、企業(yè)、基金會(huì)和非營(yíng)利性組織等其他社區(qū)資源的STEM生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，使學(xué)習(xí)者能夠在課堂內(nèi)外更好地開(kāi)展STEM學(xué)習(xí)。STEM生態(tài)系統(tǒng)專(zhuān)注于長(zhǎng)期的、共享的、可持續(xù)的、靈活的STEM任務(wù)。

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，聯(lián)邦政府需要：

·在聯(lián)邦STEM專(zhuān)業(yè)人員和聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)以及地方和區(qū)域STEM生態(tài)系統(tǒng)之間建立額外的聯(lián)系，為指導(dǎo)及教育專(zhuān)業(yè)發(fā)展、課程材料開(kāi)發(fā)和其他社區(qū)參與活動(dòng)提供額外的機(jī)會(huì)。建立一個(gè)單一的、可搜索的、用戶友好的在線資源。

·增加聯(lián)邦資助機(jī)會(huì)的數(shù)量，將STEM生態(tài)系統(tǒng)參與或開(kāi)發(fā)作為獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

·支持關(guān)于影響STEM生態(tài)系統(tǒng)成功因素的校內(nèi)和校外研究，并宣傳成功的做法。

通過(guò)教育—雇主伙伴關(guān)系，增加工作本位的學(xué)習(xí)和培訓(xùn)

工作本位學(xué)習(xí)能夠?yàn)閷W(xué)習(xí)者提供真實(shí)情境的任務(wù)，尋找解決問(wèn)題的方法，從而使STEM學(xué)習(xí)更真實(shí)、更具有吸引力，而且也使得學(xué)習(xí)者能夠更好地為將來(lái)就業(yè)做準(zhǔn)備。

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，聯(lián)邦政府需要：

·通過(guò)資助項(xiàng)目，提供高質(zhì)量、帶薪學(xué)習(xí)和學(xué)徒制的機(jī)會(huì)。

·增加使用聯(lián)邦通道就業(yè)計(jì)劃提供的靈活的招聘權(quán)限，加快通道員工向競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性服務(wù)職位的轉(zhuǎn)換，并迅速開(kāi)始使用最近擴(kuò)大的直接和快速招聘權(quán)限，重點(diǎn)是創(chuàng)建更加多樣化的聯(lián)邦STEM員工隊(duì)伍。

·政府將聘用更多服務(wù)于工作本位學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的師資和研究人員，為其提供保障、增加對(duì)其獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)和資助等，包括教育工作者在課堂外通過(guò)工作本位學(xué)習(xí)拓展技能的機(jī)會(huì)。

·發(fā)展新的招聘機(jī)構(gòu)，將學(xué)徒、實(shí)習(xí)生、博士后研究員和其他參與本位學(xué)習(xí)項(xiàng)目的人轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槿?、永久的?lián)邦雇員。

分享并融合成功的STEM教育實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)

將高質(zhì)量的職業(yè)技術(shù)培訓(xùn)與大學(xué)課程結(jié)合起來(lái)，特別是將行業(yè)證書(shū)考核的內(nèi)容嵌入到課程中，可以有效地幫助學(xué)習(xí)者為未來(lái)就業(yè)做好準(zhǔn)備。

聯(lián)邦機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)繼續(xù)支持核心學(xué)術(shù)和技術(shù)教育者在正式和非正式學(xué)習(xí)環(huán)境中的合作，并努力進(jìn)一步團(tuán)結(jié)學(xué)習(xí)領(lǐng)域的利益相關(guān)者。

為了實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)，聯(lián)邦政府需要：

·優(yōu)先考慮聯(lián)邦對(duì)STEM教育工作者“升級(jí)”和專(zhuān)業(yè)發(fā)展的支持，包括在正式和非正式環(huán)境中工作的科技教育學(xué)校、大學(xué)預(yù)備教師和教育工作者。

·優(yōu)先研究最有效的方法，在正式和非正式以及大學(xué)預(yù)科和科技教育學(xué)校環(huán)境中融合成功的學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐。

·通過(guò)網(wǎng)絡(luò)研討會(huì)、講習(xí)班和其他機(jī)制召集利益攸關(guān)方，分享融合成功學(xué)習(xí)實(shí)踐的有效方法，并為教育工作者制定推廣和復(fù)制最佳實(shí)踐的指南。