王穎 崔靜 李浩 田甜 劉晶晶 呂蔚萍
【摘要】 目的:觀察經(jīng)鼻胃管和經(jīng)鼻空腸途徑腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)在重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)中的應(yīng)用效果及對臨床預(yù)后的影響,以尋求安全有效的營養(yǎng)方式。方法:回顧性分析2016年9月-2018年9月本院行腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)支持的56例SAP患者的臨床資料。根據(jù)腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)的不同方式分為鼻胃管組和鼻空腸管組,各28例。觀察兩組腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)治療的相關(guān)并發(fā)癥、感染并發(fā)癥、器官衰竭、禁食時間、腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)持續(xù)時間、住院時間、住院費(fèi)用、手術(shù)干預(yù)及死亡情況。結(jié)果:兩組腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥、感染并發(fā)癥、器官衰竭發(fā)生率、禁食時間、腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)持續(xù)時間、住院時間、手術(shù)干預(yù)及死亡率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),但鼻胃管組住院費(fèi)用低于鼻空腸管組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:鼻胃管與鼻空腸管腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)在營養(yǎng)相關(guān)并發(fā)癥及感染并發(fā)癥方面無差異,且操作方便,容易耐受,費(fèi)用低廉,安全性好,具有代替鼻空腸管的可能性。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 重癥急性胰腺炎; 鼻胃管; 鼻空腸管; 腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)
Study on the Application of Different Enteral Nutrition Methods in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis/WANG Ying,CUI Jing,LI Hao,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2019,16(19):0-042
【Abstract】 Objective:To observe the effect of enteral nutrition through nasogastric and nasojejunal tube on severe acute pancreatitis(SAP)and its effect on clinical prognosis in order to seek safe and effective nutrition.Method:The clinical data of 56 patients with SAP who received enteral nutrition support from September 2016 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different ways of enteral nutrition,they were divided into nasogastric tube group and nasojejunal tube group,28 cases in each group.The complications,infection complications,organ failure,fasting time,duration of enteral nutrition,hospitalization time,hospitalization expenses,surgical intervention and mortality of two groups were observed.Result:The enteral nutrition-related complications,infection complications,incidence of organ failure,fasting time,duration of enteral nutrition,hospitalization time,surgical intervention and mortality in two groups were compared,the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05),but the hospitalization cost of nasogastric tube group was lower than that of nasojejunal tube group(P<0.05).Conclusion:There is no difference in nutrition-related complications and infection complications between nasogastric tube and nasojejunal tube enteral nutrition,it is easy to operate,tolerable,inexpensive and safe,and nasogastric tube has the possibility of replacing nasojejunal tube.
【Key words】 Severe acute pancreatitis; Nasogastric tube; Nasojejunal tube; Enteral nutrition
First-authors address:Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450000,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2019.19.010
急性胰腺炎(acute pancreatitis,AP)是一種由多種原因?qū)е碌囊让冈谝认賰?nèi)被激活,繼以胰腺局部炎癥反應(yīng),伴或不伴有其他臟器功能改變的疾病[1]。大多數(shù)AP病情有自限性,預(yù)后良好,但20%~30% AP患者出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重胰腺出血壞死而發(fā)展為重癥急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)[2]。在急性感染期,存在單個或多個器官功能不全,以高代謝、高分解為特點,長期的高消耗狀態(tài)容易使患者出現(xiàn)營養(yǎng)不良,這時,如果讓患者處于長期禁食狀態(tài),就會導(dǎo)致腸屏障功能受損,進(jìn)而引起腸道內(nèi)毒素和細(xì)菌的易位,引發(fā)一系列的胰腺及胰腺外的并發(fā)癥,因此,應(yīng)適當(dāng)?shù)卦黾訝I養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的供應(yīng),以促進(jìn)器官功能的恢復(fù)。有關(guān)營養(yǎng)支持治療的相關(guān)研究表明,SAP患者腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)在感染并發(fā)癥及病死率等方面明顯低于全腸外營養(yǎng)[3-4]??偟膩碚f,相比于腸外營養(yǎng),腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)與人體正常生理營養(yǎng)方式更相符[5-6]。目前腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)較常用的實施方式為經(jīng)鼻胃管腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)和鼻空腸管腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)兩種。由于經(jīng)空腸營養(yǎng)支持可以避免頭相、胃相、十二指腸相對胰腺分泌的刺激[7],目前最常見的腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)的實施方式是鼻空腸管途徑,但是經(jīng)鼻空腸置管難度大,對操作者的技術(shù)要求較高,需要內(nèi)鏡及X線引導(dǎo)下完成,而經(jīng)鼻胃管途徑可在床邊進(jìn)行,且操作簡單。兩種方式在重癥急性胰腺炎腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)上的優(yōu)劣性需要更多研究證據(jù)。本研究根據(jù)實施腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)的不同方式分為鼻胃管組、鼻空腸組,比較腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)治療的相關(guān)并發(fā)癥(反流、誤吸、惡心嘔吐、腹痛加重、腹瀉、胃潴留等)、感染并發(fā)癥及器官衰竭發(fā)生率、腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)持續(xù)時間、住院時間、住院費(fèi)用、死亡率等方面的差異?,F(xiàn)報道
綜上所述,經(jīng)鼻胃管途徑及鼻空腸管途徑的腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)對SAP臨床預(yù)后沒有顯著差異,腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)經(jīng)鼻胃管途徑是安全可行的,本研究建議,沒有禁忌證的SAP患者均可進(jìn)行鼻胃管途徑的腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)。由于本研究腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)實施時間較晚,且具有回顧性和小樣本性,需要對大樣本進(jìn)一步的前瞻性研究,以證實本研究的結(jié)果。
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