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大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)-杏仁核大麻素受體信號(hào)通路對(duì)糖尿病大鼠攝食及胃運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響

2019-10-23 14:04閆菲冷慧王茜孫向榮郭菲菲徐珞
中外醫(yī)學(xué)研究 2019年23期
關(guān)鍵詞:攝食杏仁核

閆菲 冷慧 王茜 孫向榮 郭菲菲 徐珞

【摘要】 目的:本實(shí)驗(yàn)主要探究了大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)-杏仁核(BMA)大麻素受體信號(hào)通路對(duì)糖尿病大鼠攝食及胃運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響。方法:通過(guò)免疫組織化學(xué)染色方法確定大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)是否表達(dá)大麻素受體,以及海馬CA1區(qū)-BMA是否存在纖維投射;通過(guò)向大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)注射大麻素、大麻素受體拮抗劑利莫那班(Rimonabant)及GLP-1受體激動(dòng)劑Exendix-4,測(cè)定大鼠0~4 h及4~8 h攝食量改變,以及對(duì)胃運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響;觀(guān)察大麻素及GLP-1受體激動(dòng)劑Exendix-4對(duì)糖尿病大鼠胃牽張(GD)敏感神經(jīng)元放電活動(dòng)的影響。結(jié)果:免疫組織化學(xué)染色結(jié)果證實(shí)了海馬CA1區(qū)存在大麻素受體,且海馬CA1區(qū)-BMA之間存在纖維投射;通過(guò)向大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)注射大麻素、大麻素受體拮抗劑Rimonabant及GLP-1受體激動(dòng)劑Exendix-4能夠減少食物攝入并抑制大鼠胃運(yùn)動(dòng);海馬CA1區(qū)微量注射大麻素后,正常大鼠GD敏感神經(jīng)元放電頻率顯著增加,該效應(yīng)可被大麻素受體拮抗劑Rimonabant完全阻斷,Exendix-4可部分阻斷大麻素的促放電效應(yīng);與正常大鼠相比,海馬CA1區(qū)微量注射大麻素后糖尿病大鼠GD敏感神經(jīng)元放電頻率均顯著增加(P<0.05);海馬CA1區(qū)微量注射大麻素后,大鼠胃運(yùn)動(dòng)幅度和頻率均顯著增加,但糖尿病大鼠胃運(yùn)動(dòng)增加更加顯著。結(jié)論:大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)存在大麻素受體,且海馬CA1區(qū)-BMA大麻素受體信號(hào)通路參與調(diào)節(jié)大鼠攝食及胃運(yùn)動(dòng)。

【關(guān)鍵詞】 海馬CA1區(qū); 杏仁核; 大麻素受體; 攝食; 胃運(yùn)動(dòng)

doi:10.14033/j.cnki.cfmr.2019.23.001 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A 文章編號(hào) 1674-6805(2019)23-000-06

【Abstract】 Objective:To explore the influence of cannabinoid receptor signaling pathway in rat hippocampal CA1 area-amygdala(BMA) on feeding and gastric motility in diabetic rats.Method:Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe whether the cannabinoid receptor was expressed in the hippocampal CA1 region and whether there was fiber projection from the hippocampal CA1 region to the BMA.The cannabinoid,cannabinoid receptor antagonist Rimonabant and GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendix-4 were injected into the hippocampal CA1 region of rats to determine the food intake during 0-4 h and 4-8 h,and the effects on gastric motility.Administrated cannabinoids and GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendix-4 into the hippocampal CA1 area to observe the effects of gastric distraction(GD)-sensitive neurons in diabetic rats.Result:Immunohistochemical staining showed that cannabinoid receptors expressed in the hippocampal CA1 region,and there was fiber projection from the hippocampal CA1 region to the BMA.Administrated cannabinoids and the GLP-1 receptor agonist Exendix-4 into the hippocampal CA1 region of rats could reduce food intake and inhibit gastric motility in rats.After microinjection of cannabinoids in the hippocampal CA1 area,the discharge frequency of GD-sensitive neurons in normal rats increased significantly.This effect was completely blocked by the cannabinoid receptor antagonist Rimonabant,and Exendix-4 partially blocked the promoting discharge effect of cannabinoids.Compared with normal rats,the discharge frequency of GD-sensitive neurons in diabetic rats was significantly increased after microinjection of cannabinoids in hippocampal CA1 area(P<0.05).After microinjection of cannabinoids in the hippocampal CA1 area,the amplitude and frequency of gastric motility in rats increased significantly,but the diabetic rats gastric motility was increase more significant.Conclusion:Cannabinoid receptors are expressed in the hippocampal CA1 region of diabetic rats,and the hippocampal CA1 region-BMA cannabinoid receptor signaling pathway is involved in the regulation of feeding and gastric motility in rats.

【Key words】 Hippocampal CA1 area; Amygdala; Cannabinoid receptor; Food intake; Gastric motility

First-authors address:School of Basic Medicine,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266021,China

20世紀(jì)90年代,研究人員在探究大麻衍生復(fù)合物-Δ9-四氫大麻酚的作用機(jī)制過(guò)程中發(fā)現(xiàn)了內(nèi)源性大麻素系統(tǒng)[1]。大麻素分為三大類(lèi),從天然植物中提取的大麻素、人工合成的大麻素和內(nèi)源性大麻素,該系統(tǒng)失衡與多種中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)和免疫系統(tǒng)疾病有關(guān)[2-3]。先前研究表明,大麻素系統(tǒng)在脂肪形成中發(fā)揮重要作用,大鼠及人促脂肪細(xì)胞的大麻素受體1(CB1)刺激作用通常伴有大麻素mRNA的上調(diào)[4]。而CB1阻斷劑能夠抑制大鼠脂肪細(xì)胞的增殖,因此隨著中樞CB1信號(hào)的傳遞,大鼠脂肪細(xì)胞CB1刺激作用保證了脂肪組織中的脂肪細(xì)胞有充足的脂肪儲(chǔ)存[5-7]。

如今,由于糖尿病及肥胖癥患病率的快速增加,糖尿病及肥胖已經(jīng)成為全球性健康問(wèn)題[8-10]。研究表明,大鼠中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)與外周器官之間存在密切的神經(jīng)聯(lián)系,以此調(diào)節(jié)大鼠攝食及胃運(yùn)動(dòng)[11-12]。目前,針對(duì)肥胖的更有效的治療方法是胃切除手術(shù),這表明胃腸道信號(hào)是調(diào)節(jié)能量穩(wěn)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵因素[13-15]。盡管先前研究主要集中在不同的外周信號(hào)對(duì)大鼠體重及攝食調(diào)節(jié)中的相關(guān)作用,但尚未闡明控制該作用的中樞調(diào)控機(jī)制[16-18]。內(nèi)源性大麻素水平是衡量大麻素系統(tǒng)活性的主要指標(biāo)[19]。內(nèi)源性大麻素及其受體在人體內(nèi)發(fā)揮多種代謝調(diào)節(jié)作用,參與免疫調(diào)節(jié)、心血管調(diào)節(jié)、能量代謝等相關(guān)疾病的病理過(guò)程,然而,對(duì)于外源性大麻素對(duì)大鼠攝食及胃運(yùn)動(dòng)的中樞調(diào)控尚不明確[20-23]。此外,胰高血糖素(GLP)系統(tǒng)在糖尿病大鼠中與大麻素系統(tǒng)存在密切聯(lián)系,同時(shí)在大鼠攝食及胃運(yùn)動(dòng)中發(fā)揮重要作用[24-26]。GLP-1與大鼠肥胖也存在密切聯(lián)系,尤其是GLP-1受體激動(dòng)劑Exendix-4[27-28]。因此,探究外源性大麻素在中樞調(diào)控中對(duì)大鼠攝食及胃運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響,以及GLP-1信號(hào)通路是否參與其中十分重要,這對(duì)于進(jìn)一步研究大麻素系統(tǒng)臨床藥物的研發(fā)及肥胖癥的靶向治療具有重要意義。

1 材料與方法

1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物

成年雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠,體質(zhì)量在220~250 g,所有大鼠均在室溫(25±2)℃、12 h∶12 h晝夜循環(huán)光照、實(shí)驗(yàn)室標(biāo)準(zhǔn)飲食及自由進(jìn)食和飲水的環(huán)境中飼養(yǎng)。實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)始前大鼠禁食24 h,但可自由飲水。海馬CA1區(qū)內(nèi)注射藥物后,大鼠自由攝食和飲水。所有動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)均嚴(yán)格按《青島大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物保護(hù)和使用管理辦法》執(zhí)行。

1.2 熒光金逆行追蹤和免疫組織化學(xué)染色

大鼠腹腔注射硫代巴比妥醇(100 mg/kg)麻醉并固定在立體定位裝置(Narashige SN-3,Tokyo,Japan)上,將0.2 μl的3%(W/V)熒光金(FG;溶解在蒸餾水中)注射至杏仁核(BMA)中。7 d后,大鼠腹腔注射硫代巴比妥醇(100 mg/kg)麻醉,將麻醉的大鼠固定于操作臺(tái)上,先后給予250 ml 生理鹽水和250 ml 4%的多聚甲醛灌注固定。將大鼠斷頭取腦后,置于4%多聚甲醛中4~6 h進(jìn)行后固定,再置于30%蔗糖溶液脫水(4 ℃)。冰凍切片機(jī)連續(xù)冠狀切片(Kryostat 1720,Leica,Germany),片厚15 μm,所有切片放于-20 ℃冰箱凍存。

選取海馬CA1區(qū)域較大的切片,先后用雙蒸水和0.01 mol/L PBS洗滌各3次,每次5 min,之后浸入檸檬酸修復(fù)液中微波修復(fù)5 min,至氣泡逸出。用正常羊血清封閉非特異性抗原(室溫孵育1 h),滴加一抗,即抗-CB1R抗體(兔來(lái)源,1∶200稀釋?zhuān)珼elaware Ave,Santa Cruz,USA),將加好一抗的標(biāo)本置于濕盒中,4 ℃過(guò)夜。PBS溶液洗滌3次,然后滴加熒光素CY3標(biāo)記的二抗(山羊抗兔,1∶500稀釋?zhuān)珹bcam,London,UK),室溫孵育2 h(避光操作)。淬滅油封片后,在BX50熒光顯微鏡(Olympus,Tokyo,Japan)下觀(guān)察實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果并拍照。

1.3 糖尿病大鼠模型制備

SD大鼠,體重220~250 g,適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)1周后,禁食12 h,單次腹腔注射35 mg/kg的鏈脲佐菌素(STZ,sigama)。STZ用滅菌的0.1 mmol/L,pH 4.4的檸檬酸-檸檬酸鈉緩沖液配成2%的溶液,現(xiàn)配現(xiàn)用。72 h后取尾靜脈血測(cè)空腹血糖高于7.0 mmol/L和餐后血糖均高于11.1 mmol/L為糖尿病大鼠建模成功。一次注射未成模,立即按原劑量補(bǔ)注一次STZ后,未成模者或成模后緩解者淘汰。

1.4 腦核團(tuán)置管

大鼠腹腔注射硫代巴比妥醇(100 mg/kg)麻醉后固定于腦立體定位儀,根據(jù)Paxinos&Watson大鼠腦圖譜用微量注射儀定位[11],以前囟為零點(diǎn),定位海馬CA1區(qū)(前囟后4.2 mm,旁開(kāi)2.0 mm,顱骨下2.8 mm)和BMA(前囟后2.2 mm,旁開(kāi)4.0 mm,顱骨下9.0 mm),用牙科鉆鉆孔,將一不銹鋼套管置于海馬CA1區(qū),用牙科粘固劑固定,不銹鋼管探針?lè)忾]導(dǎo)管,縫合頭皮切口[29]。大鼠分籠飼養(yǎng),自由飲食飲水。手術(shù)結(jié)束后大鼠連續(xù)3 d給予腹腔注射8萬(wàn)U青霉素以防止術(shù)后感染。大鼠恢復(fù)1周后開(kāi)始實(shí)驗(yàn)。

為了檢測(cè)核團(tuán)或側(cè)腦室定位是否準(zhǔn)確,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后經(jīng)套管向大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)內(nèi)緩慢注射滂胺天藍(lán)溶液,隨后麻醉大鼠,經(jīng)心臟灌注固定,斷頭取腦,50 μm冠狀冰凍切片,顯微鏡下觀(guān)察藥物注射的位置是否準(zhǔn)確。

1.5 攝食量測(cè)定

在實(shí)驗(yàn)中選取正常大鼠和糖尿病大鼠,隨機(jī)分為6組(每組6只),(1)NS組:海馬CA1區(qū)注射0.5 μl生理鹽水;(2)CB1組:海馬CA1區(qū)注射0.5 μl 0.2 mg/kg CB1;(3)Rimonabant組:海馬CA1區(qū)注射0.5 μl 3 mg/kg Rimonabant;(4)Exendix-4組:海馬CA1區(qū)注射0.5 μl 2.5 μg/kg Exendix-4;(5)Rimonabant+CB1組:海馬CA1區(qū)注射0.2 mg/kg CB1與3 mg/kg Rimonabant混合液;(6)Exendix-4+CB1組:海馬CA1區(qū)注射0.2 mg/kg CB1與2.5 μg/kg Exendix-4混合液。大鼠禁食18 h,在實(shí)驗(yàn)開(kāi)始前1 h將大鼠放置在攝食測(cè)量籠內(nèi),使大鼠適應(yīng)實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境。注射藥物或生理鹽水后立即給予大鼠定量食物。給藥后測(cè)量大鼠0~4 h和4~8 h攝食量。

1.6 GD敏感神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞外放電記錄

五管玻璃微電極中一管為記錄電極,充有2%的滂胺天藍(lán)和0.5 mol/L乙酸鈉,其他四管連接到四通道壓力注射器,分別充以0.5 μl? 0.2 mg/kg大麻素、3 mg/kg Rimonabant、2.5 μg/kg Exendix-4及生理鹽水,通過(guò)短脈沖氣體壓力(1 500 ms,5.0~15.0 psi)將藥物噴灑到細(xì)胞表面上。使用液壓推進(jìn)器將微電極送至后,記錄的電信號(hào)經(jīng)MEZ8201型微電極放大器輸入VC-11雙道示波器,經(jīng)SUMP-PC生物信號(hào)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行放電頻率處理與分析。當(dāng)玻璃微電極進(jìn)入海馬CA1區(qū)后,搜尋海馬CA1區(qū)內(nèi)神經(jīng)元,并開(kāi)始記錄細(xì)胞外的放電活動(dòng)。待放電頻率穩(wěn)定后(至少記錄120 s),注入3~5 ml的溫生理鹽水至胃腔薄軟膠氣囊中,持續(xù)擴(kuò)張胃壁10~30 s,觀(guān)察神經(jīng)元放電頻率的變化,鑒別胃牽張(gastric distension,GD)敏感神經(jīng)元,以神經(jīng)元放電頻率的變化率超過(guò)20%作為神經(jīng)元興奮或抑制指標(biāo),神經(jīng)元表現(xiàn)興奮的確定為胃牽張興奮型神經(jīng)元(GD-E),表現(xiàn)為抑制的確定為胃牽張抑制型神經(jīng)元(GD-I)。

1.7 胃運(yùn)動(dòng)記錄

空腹大鼠麻醉后仰臥位固定于手術(shù)臺(tái)上,腹部皮膚備皮。劍突下行行腹部正中切口,切口長(zhǎng)約1 cm,暴露胃部。在幽門(mén)向上0.3 cm處,沿胃環(huán)行肌方向?qū)?yīng)力傳感器縫貼于胃竇的漿膜外,傳感器導(dǎo)線(xiàn)由皮下行至后頸部,經(jīng)皮膚切口穿出體外(留置2~3 cm導(dǎo)線(xiàn)用于連接記錄儀)并固定。逐層縫合腹壁肌肉和皮膚。術(shù)后每日腹腔注射青霉素2萬(wàn)單位,預(yù)防感染。3 d后大鼠恢復(fù)正常飲食且無(wú)任何疼痛或應(yīng)激反應(yīng),即可實(shí)驗(yàn)。

大鼠禁食18 h,自由飲水。實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),首先將大鼠置于記錄用鼠籠內(nèi)適應(yīng)環(huán)境1 h。胃運(yùn)動(dòng)由應(yīng)力感受器傳至胃腸運(yùn)動(dòng)換能器,在此轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)殡娦盘?hào)輸入計(jì)算機(jī),由Powerlab多道生物信號(hào)采集處理系統(tǒng)對(duì)胃腸運(yùn)動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理。刺激前穩(wěn)定記錄大鼠胃運(yùn)動(dòng)30~60 min。同一只大鼠兩次記錄至少間隔1天。胃運(yùn)動(dòng)變化采用平均為運(yùn)動(dòng)指數(shù)%(%MI)表示,%MI計(jì)算公式為:處理后曲線(xiàn)下面積/處理前的曲線(xiàn)下面積×100%。

1.8 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理

用SPSS 18.0和PPMS 1.5軟件分析數(shù)據(jù),所有數(shù)據(jù)均以(x±s)表示,多樣本均數(shù)比較采用單因素方差分析,兩組間樣本均數(shù)比較采用t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 海馬CA1區(qū)-BMA纖維投射及CB1受體的表達(dá)

免疫熒光組織化學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,海馬CA1區(qū)與BMA之間存在纖維投射,且海馬CA1區(qū)表達(dá)CB1R,見(jiàn)圖1。

2.2 海馬CA1區(qū)注射CB1對(duì)大鼠攝食的影響

在正常大鼠中,與NS組相比,海馬CA1區(qū)注射CB1可顯著促進(jìn)大鼠0~4 h的攝食量(P<0.05);但對(duì)于4~8 h攝食量無(wú)顯著改變(P>0.05);而預(yù)注射Rimonabant可阻斷CB1的促攝食作用。然而,單獨(dú)注射Rimonabant對(duì)攝食沒(méi)有明顯影響(P>0.05);與NS組相比,海馬CA1區(qū)注射Exendix-4可顯著抑制0~4 h的攝食量(P<0.05);海馬CA1區(qū)注射CB1和Exendix-4混合液時(shí),與單獨(dú)注射CB1相比,0~4 h攝食量顯著降低(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。

在糖尿病大鼠中,與NS組相比,海馬CA1區(qū)注射CB1后,0~4 h的攝食量顯著增加(P<0.01);與CB1組相比,預(yù)先注射Rimonabant可阻斷CB1的促攝食作用(P<0.05);海馬CA1區(qū)聯(lián)合注射CB1和Exendix-4時(shí),與單獨(dú)注射CB1相比,0~4 h攝食量顯著降低(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。

在兩組大鼠中,與正常大鼠相比,海馬CA1區(qū)注射CB1后糖尿病大鼠0~4 h攝食量顯著增加(P<0.05),且高于正常大鼠,見(jiàn)表1。

2.3 海馬CA1區(qū)注射CB1對(duì)糖尿病大鼠GD敏感神經(jīng)元放電活動(dòng)的影響

在35只糖尿病大鼠中海馬CA1區(qū)記錄到127個(gè)放電神經(jīng)元,其中86個(gè)(86/127,67.72%)神經(jīng)元對(duì)胃牽張有反應(yīng)被鑒定為GD敏感性神經(jīng)元。在86個(gè)GD敏感神經(jīng)元中,48個(gè)(48/86,55.81%)神經(jīng)元放電頻率顯著增加,鑒定為GD-E神經(jīng)元;而另外38個(gè)(38/86,44.19%)神經(jīng)元被抑制,鑒定為GD-I神經(jīng)元。

在48個(gè)GD-E神經(jīng)元中,海馬CA1區(qū)微量注射CB1,29個(gè)神經(jīng)元(29/48,60.42%)放電活動(dòng)增加[(3.78±0.67)Hz

vs (6.47±1.21)Hz],平均增加71.16%±4.2%(P<0.01);38個(gè)GD-I神經(jīng)元中有17個(gè)(17/38,44.74%)神經(jīng)元放電頻率顯著增加(2.96±0.58)Hz vs (4.97±1.09)Hz,平均增幅67.91%±2.7%(P<0.01),見(jiàn)圖2。若海馬CA1區(qū)內(nèi)預(yù)先注射CB1受體拮抗劑Rimonabant可完全阻斷CB1誘導(dǎo)的促放電作用,表明CB1可能通過(guò)作用于其受體CB1R調(diào)節(jié)GD敏感神經(jīng)元的活動(dòng);單獨(dú)注射Rimonabant對(duì)GD敏感神經(jīng)元的活動(dòng)無(wú)顯著影響(P>0.05);此外,預(yù)先向海馬CA1區(qū)注射Exendix-4,再給予CB1,發(fā)現(xiàn)CB1對(duì)GD-E或GD-I神經(jīng)元的促放電作用可被Exendix-4部分阻斷(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。

2.4 CB1對(duì)糖尿病大鼠胃運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響

在糖尿病大鼠中,海馬CA1區(qū)直接注射生理鹽水,大鼠胃收縮的幅度和頻率無(wú)明顯改變(P>0.05);與NS組相比(n=8),大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)微量注射CB1能夠顯著促進(jìn)大鼠胃收縮的幅度和頻率(P<0.05);而大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)中預(yù)注射Rimonabant,CB1對(duì)胃運(yùn)動(dòng)的促進(jìn)作用可被完全阻斷(P<0.05);此外,預(yù)先向海馬CA1區(qū)注射Exendix-4,再給予CB1,發(fā)現(xiàn)CB1對(duì)胃運(yùn)動(dòng)的促進(jìn)作用可被Exendix-4部分阻斷(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。

3 討論

在本研究中,筆者探究了大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)-杏仁核CB1受體信號(hào)通路和GLP-1受體信號(hào)通路對(duì)正常大鼠及糖尿病大鼠攝食及胃運(yùn)動(dòng)的影響,同時(shí)探究了對(duì)糖尿病大鼠GD敏感神經(jīng)元的影響。先前研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),糖尿病大鼠攝食量高于正常大鼠,但是具體機(jī)制尚不明確[6],因此需要進(jìn)一步的研究來(lái)闡明糖尿病大鼠攝食及胃運(yùn)動(dòng)的中樞調(diào)控機(jī)制。

筆者的研究結(jié)果顯示,大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)注射CB1可引起該區(qū)域中大多數(shù)GD-E和GD-I神經(jīng)元的激活。CB1受體拮抗劑Rimonabant阻斷了CB1引起的這些效應(yīng)。此外,這些效應(yīng)可被GLP-1受體拮抗劑Exendix-4調(diào)節(jié)。CB1與GLP-1受體拮抗劑Exendix-4聯(lián)合應(yīng)用可引起大鼠食物攝入量改變。在研究中,筆者猜測(cè)CB1和大腦中的GLP系統(tǒng)可能在大鼠攝食及胃運(yùn)動(dòng)中起關(guān)鍵作用。

先前研究表明,CB1可促進(jìn)大鼠攝食、覺(jué)醒或應(yīng)激反應(yīng)等[30]。在這項(xiàng)研究中,筆者證明大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)注射CB1可促進(jìn)大鼠食物攝入,這與先前研究一致。并且CB1受體拮抗劑Rimonabant可完全阻斷CB1誘導(dǎo)的攝食增加。因此筆者認(rèn)為CB1可能是通過(guò)海馬CA1區(qū)CB1受體發(fā)揮促攝食作用。此外,免疫組織化學(xué)染色結(jié)果顯示,大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)存在CB1受體,且海馬CA1區(qū)以杏仁核之間存在纖維投射,并且海馬CA1區(qū)中FG免疫陽(yáng)性神經(jīng)元與CB1受體神經(jīng)元存在共定位,這為筆者的研究提供了重要的解剖學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。除此之外,先前研究顯示,GLP-1系統(tǒng)在糖尿病大鼠的攝食及能量代謝過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用[31],因此,筆者研究發(fā)現(xiàn),向大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)注射GLP-1受體拮抗劑Exendix-4可部分阻斷CB1的促攝食作用。

此外,筆者研究發(fā)現(xiàn),向糖尿病大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)注射CB1能夠增加海馬CA1區(qū)GD敏感神經(jīng)元的放電活動(dòng),且CB1受體拮抗劑Rimonabant可完全阻斷CB1誘導(dǎo)的促放電活動(dòng)增加,向大鼠海馬CA1區(qū)注射GLP-1受體拮抗劑Exendix-4可部分阻斷CB1的促攝食作用,這進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明中樞CB1受體信號(hào)通路能夠參與調(diào)控大鼠胃運(yùn)動(dòng)。

糖尿病與肥胖疾病及食欲行為關(guān)系密切,這些行為主要是由中樞及外周相關(guān)通路參與調(diào)控,未來(lái)的研究中需要進(jìn)一步的探究不同劑量肽對(duì)中樞系統(tǒng)及能量代謝之間相互作用的影響。在本研究中,觀(guān)察到的CB1R受體信號(hào)通路和GLP-1系統(tǒng)間的相互作用,這表明,CB1R拮抗劑和GLP-1受體拮抗劑之間可能存在潛在的協(xié)同作用,可用于治療糖尿病患者攝食過(guò)多和其他肥胖相關(guān)疾病。CB1R拮抗劑和GLP-1受體拮抗劑的聯(lián)合給藥可能為治療這些疾病提供一種新的藥理學(xué)策略。

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(收稿日期:2019-07-04) (本文編輯:何玉勤)

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