王艷 夏琳 蔡華忠 熊御
[摘要] 目的 探討4,4′-二異硫氰基芪-2,2′-二磺酸(DIDS)對(duì)膿毒癥小鼠心肌炎性反應(yīng)的作用及機(jī)制。 方法 雄性BALB/c小鼠總計(jì)52只,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為4組,分別為空白對(duì)照組、脂多糖(LPS)組、DIDS低劑量組和DIDS高劑量,每組13只。預(yù)處理3 d,其中DIDS低劑量組、DIDS高劑量組每天分別腹腔注射7、14 mg/kg的DIDS,空白對(duì)照組、LPS組每天腹腔注射等量的磷酸緩沖鹽溶液(PBS)。第3天預(yù)處理完成2 h后,空白對(duì)照組腹腔注射PBS,其余三組腹腔注射LPS 10 mg/kg建立小鼠膿毒癥模型。在模型創(chuàng)建成功后,每組10只小鼠進(jìn)行48 h生存狀況觀察,計(jì)算存活率。另外每組3只小鼠于4 h后處死,取心臟組織,采用real-time PCR法檢測(cè)炎性因子[包括腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素1β(IL-1β)和白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)]及Notch信號(hào)通路相關(guān)基因(包括Notch1~4、Dll1、Jag1)mRNA表達(dá),采用Western blot法檢測(cè)Notch信號(hào)通路相關(guān)蛋白的表達(dá)。 結(jié)果 與LPS組比較,DIDS高劑量組可以明顯提高小鼠存活率,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01);與空白對(duì)照組比較,LPS組TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的 mRNA均顯著升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05);與LPS組比較,DIDS高劑量組TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的mRNA顯著降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。與LPS組比較,DIDS高劑量組Notch信號(hào)相關(guān)基因Notch1、Notch3、Dll 1及Jag 1的mRNA表達(dá)水平升高,Dll 1和Jag 1相關(guān)分子蛋白水平升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 DIDS能夠明顯減輕膿毒癥小鼠的心肌炎性反應(yīng),其機(jī)制可能與調(diào)控Notch信號(hào)通路有關(guān)。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 4,4′-二異硫氰基芪-2,2′-二磺酸;炎性反應(yīng);膿毒癥;Notch信號(hào)通路
[中圖分類號(hào)] R967? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)01(c)-0004-05
Effect and mechanism of 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid on myocardial inflammatory response in sepsis mice
WANG Yan XIA Lin CAI Huazhong? XIONG Yuyun
1.Department of Pharmacy, Zhenjiang First People′s Hospital, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang? ?212001, China; 2.Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang? ?212001, China; 3.Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, Zhenjiang? ?212001, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid (DIDS) on myocardial inflammatory response in sepsis mice. Methods A total of 52 male BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups by random number table method, namely blank control group, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group, low dose DIDS group and high dose DIDS group, with 13 mice in each group. For 3 days of pretreatment, the low dose DIDS group and the high dose DIDS group were intraperitoneally injected with 7 and 14 mg/kg DIDS every day, respectively, while the blank control group and the LPS group were given the same amount of phosphate buffer salt solution (PBS) intraperitoneally every day. After 2 h of pretreatment on the third day, PBS was injected intraperitoneally into the blank control group, and LPS 10 mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally into the other three groups to establish a mouse sepsis model. After the model was created successfully, the survival status of 10 mice in each group were observed for 48 h, and the survival rates were calculated. In addition, 3 mice in each group were sacrificed after 4 h, and their heart tissues were taken. The mRNA expression of inflammatory factors [including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] and genes related to Notch signaling pathway (including Notch1-4, Dll1 and Jag1) were detected by real-time PCR. Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins related to the Notch signaling pathway. Results Compared with the LPS group, the survival rate of mice in the high dose DIDS group was significantly improved, with a highly statistically significant difference (P < 0.01). Compared with the blank control group, the mRNA levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the LPS group were significantly increased, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS group, the mRNA levels of TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 in the high dose DIDS group were significantly decreased, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS group, mRNA expression levels of Notch1, Notch3, Dll 1 and Jag 1 of Notch signaling related genes in the high-dose DIDS group were increased, and protein levels of Dll 1 and Jag 1 were increased, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Conclusion DIDS can significantly reduce the myocardial inflammatory response in sepsis mice, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of Notch signaling pathway.
[Key words] 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid; Inflammation; Sepsis; Notch signaling pathway
膿毒癥是指宿主對(duì)感染反應(yīng)失調(diào)導(dǎo)致的威脅生命的器官功能障礙[1]。研究表明,約40%膿毒癥患者出現(xiàn)心臟功能障礙(sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction,SCD),死亡率高達(dá)70%~90%[2-3],主要原因有促炎因子的釋放,線粒體功能失調(diào)以及由此引起的心肌收縮功能下降[4-7]。目前仍未有防治SCD的有效方法[8]。Notch信號(hào)通路是人體發(fā)育過(guò)程中高度保守的重要信號(hào)通路[9],參與了自身免疫和炎性反應(yīng)相關(guān)的多種疾病[10-12],其相關(guān)基因的突變與多種類型心血管疾病有關(guān)[13-15]。4,4′-二異硫氰基芪-2,2′-二磺酸(4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid,DIDS)是一種非特異性氯離子通道阻斷劑,具有抗凋亡、神經(jīng)保護(hù)和抗炎作用[16-18]。已有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,DIDS通過(guò)TLR4/NF-κB通路抑制脂多糖(lipopolysaccharide,LPS)誘導(dǎo)的RAW264.7細(xì)胞中促炎因子的釋放。同時(shí)在LPS誘導(dǎo)的膿毒癥小鼠模型中,DIDS可以減少小鼠的死亡率,保護(hù)肝腎等組織,下調(diào)促炎因子的表達(dá)[18]。目前尚未見(jiàn)DIDS抗膿毒癥時(shí)心肌炎性反應(yīng)的相關(guān)研究報(bào)道。為了進(jìn)一步明確DIDS對(duì)抗小鼠膿毒癥誘發(fā)的心肌炎性反應(yīng),本研究擬建立LPS誘導(dǎo)的小鼠膿毒癥模型,探討其抗心肌炎性反應(yīng)的可能機(jī)制,以期為其后續(xù)深入研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器
Multiskan GO多功能酶標(biāo)儀(美國(guó)Thermo公司);ABI 7500 熒光定量PCR儀(ABI公司);BIO-RAD電泳轉(zhuǎn)膜系統(tǒng)(美國(guó)BIO-RAD公司)。
1.2 藥物與試劑
LPS(0111∶B4)、DIDS均購(gòu)自Sigma-Aldrich公司;JAG1(2588T)和DLL1(2620T)抗體均購(gòu)自SantaCruz公司,β-actin(abs132001)抗體購(gòu)自absin公司;所有二抗均購(gòu)自博士德生物科技公司;引物合成自金斯瑞生物科技有限公司;PrimeScriptTM RT-PCR試劑盒(RR037A)、SYBR Premix Ex TaqTM(RR420A)試劑盒均購(gòu)自Takara公司;其他試劑均為國(guó)產(chǎn)分析純。
1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物
SPF級(jí)BALB/C小鼠52只,6~8周齡,雄性,體重18~20 g,由揚(yáng)州大學(xué)比較醫(yī)學(xué)中心提供[SCXK(蘇)2012-0004]。小鼠實(shí)驗(yàn)遵循江蘇大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物倫理規(guī)范。小鼠自由飲食和飲水,室溫20~23℃,濕度55%~65%,人工光暗周期12 h。
1.4 分組與干預(yù)方法
小鼠購(gòu)入后適應(yīng)性飼養(yǎng)3 d,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為空白對(duì)照組、LPS組、DIDS低劑量組、DIDS高劑量組,每組13只。DIDS低劑量組、DIDS高劑量組每天分別腹腔注射7、14 mg/kg的DIDS,空白對(duì)照組、LPS組每天腹腔注射與DIDS高劑量組等量的磷酸緩沖鹽溶液(PBS)。第3天注射2 h后,空白對(duì)照組腹腔注射PBS,其余三組腹腔注射10 mg/kg的LPS,建立小鼠膿毒癥模型。每組10只小鼠,進(jìn)行生存狀況觀察研究。每組剩余的3只小鼠,在建立膿毒癥模型后4 h,斷頸處死后摘取心臟組織,立即置于液氮罐中-180℃保存。
1.5 觀察指標(biāo)
1.5.1 小鼠存活率比較? 每隔4 h觀察每組10只小鼠的死亡數(shù),直到48 h為止,計(jì)算膿毒癥小鼠的存活率
1.5.2 小鼠心臟組織中促炎因子的表達(dá)? 提取心臟組織mRNA,對(duì)促炎因子腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素1-β(IL-1β)和白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)的mRNA水平進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。
1.5.3 膿毒癥小鼠心臟中Notch相關(guān)基因mRNA表達(dá)? 采用real-time PCR法。總RNA的提取利用Trizol試劑的方法進(jìn)行。取1 μg RNA利用Takara PrimeScriptTM RT-PCR試劑盒的操作步驟進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng)合成cDNA。采用Takara公司SYBR Premix Ex TaqTM試劑盒進(jìn)行real-time PCR操作。引物序列為:β-actin forward:5′-GAAGTCCCTCACCCTCCCAA-3′;β-actin reverse:5′-GGCATGGACGCGACCA-3′;TNF-α forward:5′-CATGGATCTCAAAGACAACC-3′;TNF-α reverse:5′-GGTATATGGGCTCATACCAG-3′;IL-1β forward:5′-GAAGTCAAGAGCAAAGTGG-3′;IL-1β reverse:5′-ACAGTCCAGCCCATACTTT-3′;IL-6 forward:5′-CTGATGCTGGTGACAACCAC-3′;IL-6 reverse:5′-TCCACGATTTCCCAGAGAAC-3′;Notch1 forward:5′-TCAGCGGGATCCACTGTGAG-3′;Notch1 reverse:5′-ACACAGGCAGGTGAACGAGTTG-3′;Notch2 forward:5′-TGCCAAGCTCAGTGGTGTTGTA-3′;Notch2 reverse:5′-TGCTAGGCTTTGTGGGATTC-AG-3′;Notch3 forward:5′-GGTTCCCAGTGAGCACCCTTAC-3′;Notch3 reverse:5′-GTGGATTCGGACCA-GTCTGAGAG-3′;Notch4 forward:5′-ACCTGCTCAA-CGGCTTCCA-3′;Notch4 reverse:5′-AGCTTCTGC-ACTCATCGATATCCTC-3′;Dll1 forward:5′-ACCT-TCTTTCGCGTATGCCTCAAG-3′;Dll1 reverse:5′-AGAGTCTGTATGGAGGGCTTC-3′;Jag1 forward:5′-C-AGGTCTTACCACCGAACA-3′;Jag1 reverse:5′-AC-AGGGAAGGCTCACACGG-3′。反應(yīng)體系如下:SYBR?誖 Premix Ex Taq Ⅱ(Tli RNaseH Plus)(2×):12.5 μL;PCR Forward Primer(10 μmol/L):1 μL;PCR Reverse Primer(10 μmol/L):1 μL;反轉(zhuǎn)錄反應(yīng)液(cDNA溶液):2 μL(500 ng);dH2O(滅菌蒸餾水):8.5 μL;共計(jì)25 μL。反應(yīng)條件,步驟1:預(yù)變性95℃ 30 s;步驟2:95℃ 5 s,40個(gè)循環(huán);60℃ 30 s。表達(dá)水平用其與內(nèi)參β-actin的比值表示,以2-ΔΔCt法計(jì)算目標(biāo)基因與內(nèi)標(biāo)基因熒光強(qiáng)度比值,相對(duì)定量比較各處理因素對(duì)目標(biāo)基因表達(dá)的影響。
1.5.4 檢測(cè)膿毒癥小鼠心臟中Notch相關(guān)蛋白的表達(dá)? 采用Western blot法。提取膿毒癥小鼠心臟蛋白后,經(jīng)SDS凝膠電泳,轉(zhuǎn)膜,分別孵育Notch相關(guān)蛋白抗體后,將膜置于ECL發(fā)光液中,凝膠成像系統(tǒng)對(duì)條帶進(jìn)行觀察和半定量分析。
1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 22.0對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用ANOVA方差分析,進(jìn)一步兩兩比較采用t檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 DIDS對(duì)抗LPS誘導(dǎo)的膿毒癥小鼠存活率的降低
LPS腹腔注射24 h后,LPS組10只小鼠全部死亡。與LPS組比較,DIDS高劑量組可以明顯提高小鼠存活率,差異有高度統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.01)。見(jiàn)圖1。
與LPS組比較,**P < 0.01。LPS:脂多糖;DIDS:4,4′-二異硫氰基芪-2,2′-二磺酸
2.2 DIDS對(duì)抗LPS誘導(dǎo)的膿毒癥小鼠心臟組織中促炎因子的升高
與空白對(duì)照組比較,LPS組TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的 mRNA均顯著升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05);與LPS組比較,DIDS高劑量組TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6的mRNA顯著降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
注:與空白對(duì)照組比較,*P < 0.05;與LPS組比較,#P < 0.05。DIDS:4,4′-二異硫氰基芪-2,2′-二磺酸;LPS:脂多糖;TNF-α:腫瘤壞死因子-α;IL-1β:白介素1-β;IL-6:白介素-6
2.3 DIDS對(duì)抗LPS誘導(dǎo)的膿毒癥小鼠心臟組織中Notch信號(hào)相關(guān)分子轉(zhuǎn)錄水平的降低
與空白對(duì)照組比較,LPS組膿毒癥小鼠心臟組織Notch信號(hào)通路受體Notch1、Notch3、Notch4及配體Dll1、Jag1的mRNA顯著降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。與LPS組比較,DIDS高劑量組膿毒癥小鼠心臟組織Notch信號(hào)通路受體Notch1、Notch3及配體Dll1及Jag1的mRNA顯著升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.4 DIDS對(duì)抗LPS誘導(dǎo)的膿毒癥小鼠心臟組織中Notch信號(hào)相關(guān)分子蛋白水平的降低
與空白對(duì)照組比較,LPS組Notch信號(hào)通路配體Dll1及Jag1顯著降低,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。與LPS組比較,DIDS低劑量組、DIDS高劑量組膿毒癥小鼠心臟組織Notch信號(hào)通路配體Dll1及Jag1顯著升高,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。見(jiàn)表2、圖2。
注:與正常對(duì)照組比較,*P < 0.05;與LPS組比較,#P < 0.05。DIDS:4,4-二異硫氰基芪-2,2-二磺酸;LPS:脂多糖
LPS:脂多糖;DIDS:4,4′-二異硫氰基芪-2,2′-二磺酸
3 討論
細(xì)胞因子被認(rèn)為在膿毒癥心肌損傷發(fā)病中具有重要作用。特別是TNF-α、IL-1β和IL-6等均參與了膿毒癥心肌損傷的發(fā)病過(guò)程,在實(shí)驗(yàn)條件下,抑制這些細(xì)胞因子均可以有效緩解病程[19-20]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),DIDS能夠提高膿毒癥小鼠存活率,可以抑制膿毒癥小鼠心肌組織中促炎因子TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的mRNA升高,提示DIDS具有抗炎作用。
近年來(lái),關(guān)于Notch信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路在炎癥中作用的研究日益受到關(guān)注。哺乳動(dòng)物表達(dá)4個(gè)Notch受體(Notch1~4)及5個(gè)配體(Jag1、Jag2、Dll1、Dll3、Dll4)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),抑制Notch信號(hào)通路可以負(fù)調(diào)控多種促炎因子的表達(dá)[21],其機(jī)制可能與Notch可以與IL-6啟動(dòng)子區(qū)域結(jié)合,從而直接調(diào)控IL-6的表達(dá)有關(guān)[22]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),DIDS高劑量組可以逆轉(zhuǎn)膿毒癥時(shí)心肌中Notch1、Notch3、Dll1及Jag1的mRNA和蛋白水平的降低,提示DIDS可能通過(guò)激活Notch信號(hào)通路,提高Notch受體1/3及配體Dll1、Jag1轉(zhuǎn)錄和翻譯水平的表達(dá),發(fā)揮抗炎作用,保護(hù)心臟。
綜上所述,DIDS預(yù)處理可通過(guò)激活Notch信號(hào)通路,抑制LPS引起的小鼠心肌中促炎細(xì)胞因子的生成,從而減輕小鼠心臟炎性反應(yīng)。
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(收稿日期:2019-09-05? 本文編輯:顧家毓)
[基金項(xiàng)目] 江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃--社會(huì)發(fā)展項(xiàng)目(SH2017042、SH2017025、SH2018027);江蘇省青年醫(yī)學(xué)重點(diǎn)人才培養(yǎng)項(xiàng)目(QNRC2016828)。
[作者簡(jiǎn)介] 王艷(1982-),女,碩士,副主任藥師,主要從事藥學(xué)及臨床藥學(xué)工作。
[通訊作者] 熊御云(1983-),女,博士,主要從事臨床檢驗(yàn)工作。