朱靜 徐維國
【摘要】 目的:探討疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊對慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的作用及其相關(guān)作用機制。方法:選取2018年5-8月本院收治的AECOPD患者90例,隨機分為常規(guī)治療組和疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組,每組45例。常規(guī)治療組給予常規(guī)治療,疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組在常規(guī)治療的基礎(chǔ)上給予疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊,選取同期30例來本院體檢的健康者為對照組。比較各組血清中丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)含量及過氧化氫酶(CAT)、過氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(GSH)、總一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)活性;比較疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組和常規(guī)治療組治療前后呼出氣一氧化氮(FeNO)水平和肺功能水平。結(jié)果:三組MDA含量、CAT、SOD以及GSH活性比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組的MDA含量明顯高于對照組,CAT、SOD以及GSH活性均明顯低于對照組(P<0.05);常規(guī)治療組MDA含量顯著高于疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組,CAT、SOD以及GSH活性均明顯低于疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組(P<0.05)。三組NO含量和eNOS活性比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組NO含量和eNOS活性均顯著高于對照組(P<0.05);常規(guī)治療組NO含量和eNOS活性均顯著高于疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組(P<0.05)。治療前,常規(guī)治療組和疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組FeNO水平均高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療后,常規(guī)治療組和疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組FeNO水平均明顯低于治療前,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后,兩組FEV1占預(yù)計值百分比、FEV1/FVC水平均高于治療前,且疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組均高于常規(guī)治療組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊可顯著改善AECOPD引起的氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),能有效抑制患者氣道炎癥和改善AECOPD患者的肺功能。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊 氣道炎癥 氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)
Effect of Syndrome Differentiation of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Airway Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases/ZHU Jing, XU Weiguo. //Medical Innovation of China, 2020, 17(03): 008-012
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the effect of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and its mechanism. Method: A total of 90 patients with AECOPD admitted to our hospital from May to August 2018 were selected. They were randomly divided into conventional treatment group and Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group, 45 cases in each group. The conventional treatment group was given conventional treatment, the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group was given Shufeng Jiedu Capsule on the basis of conventional treatment. 30 healthy patients who came to our hospital for physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and total nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in serum of each group were compared. The levels of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and lung function were compared between the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group and the conventional treatment group before and after treatment. Result: The MDA content, CAT, SOD and GSH activity in three groups were compared, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The content of MDA in the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the activity of CAT, SOD and GSH were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). MDA content in the conventional treatment group was significantly higher than that in the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group, the activity of CAT, SOD and GSH were significantly lower than those of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group (P<0.05). The NO content and eNOS activity in three groups were compared, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). NO content and eNOS activity in Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). NO content and eNOS activity in the conventional treatment group were significantly higher than those in the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group (P<0.05). Before the treatment, FeNO levels in the conventional treatment group and the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, FeNO levels in the conventional treatment group and the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group were significantly lower than those before treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the predicted value of FEV1% pred and the level of FEV1/FVC in both groups were higher than those before treatment, and the levels of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group were higher than those in the conventional treatment group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Shufeng Jiedu Capsule can significantly improve oxidative stress response caused by AECOPD, effectively inhibit airway inflammation and improve lung function in patients with AECOPD.
[Key words] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Shufeng Jiedu Capsule Airway inflammation Oxidative stress
First-authors address: Center Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.03.003
慢性阻塞性肺疾?。–OPD)是一種以持續(xù)氣流受限為特征的疾病,其氣流受限多呈進行性發(fā)展,該疾病的發(fā)生與氣道和肺組織對有害氣體或有害顆粒的異常慢性炎癥反應(yīng)有關(guān)[1]。COPD病程長、患病率和死亡率逐年升高,因肺功能進行性減退,嚴(yán)重影響患者的勞動力和生活質(zhì)量。COPD的病因可能是多種環(huán)境因素與機體自身因素長期相互作用的結(jié)果。其中COPD的急性加重(AECOPD)是導(dǎo)致COPD患者肺功能下降和死亡主要原因。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),氣道炎癥反應(yīng)和氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)參與了AECOPD的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程。疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊在抗氧化、抗炎作用等方面被證明是通過控制NF-κB的激活或影響組蛋白修飾[2],進而在肺上皮細胞炎癥基因表達方面發(fā)揮作用的[3-4]。本研究分為對照組、常規(guī)治療組及疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組(COPD常規(guī)治療+疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊治療),觀察疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊對AECOPD患者氧化應(yīng)激水平及氣道炎癥的影響,并對相關(guān)機制進行探討?,F(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2018年5-8月本院收治的AECOPD患者90例。(1)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①患者均符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會呼吸病學(xué)制定的《慢性阻塞性肺疾病診療指南》診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②肺功能Ⅲ級的COPD患者。(2)排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①合并胸腔積液、肺栓塞、肺結(jié)核、心力衰竭、心律失常者;②對本研究所涉藥物既往有過敏史者。隨機分為常規(guī)治療組(COPD常規(guī)治療)及疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組(COPD常規(guī)治療+疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊治療);每組45例。納入同期30例來本院體檢的健康體檢者為對照組;研究對象均知情同意且簽署知情同意書,該研究已經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理學(xué)委員會批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 方法 常規(guī)治療組與疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組均給予COPD常規(guī)治療,包括保持低流量吸氧、保持呼吸道通暢、積極抗感染、解痙平喘、祛痰等綜合治療。疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組在上述治療基礎(chǔ)上給予疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊(生產(chǎn)廠家:安徽濟人藥業(yè)有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字Z20090047,規(guī)格:0.52 g/粒),口服,4粒/次,3次/d,連續(xù)用藥7 d。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)及判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (1)比較三組血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、過氧化氫酶(CAT)、過氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(GSH)活性,檢測均采用ELISA法;(2)比較三組血清一氧化氮(NO)含量和總一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)活性,檢測均使用化學(xué)定量法;(3)比較三組呼出氣一氧化氮(FeNO)變化情況;(4)比較疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組和常規(guī)治療組治療前后肺功能情況,包括FEV1占預(yù)計值百分比及FEV1/FVC。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 19.0軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計分析,計量資料用(x±s)表示,組間采用單因素方差分析,兩兩比較采用SNK-q檢驗;計數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組一般資料比較 三組性別、年齡、吸煙史比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
2.2 三組MDA含量、CAT、SOD以及GSH活性比較 三組MDA含量、CAT、SOD以及GSH活性比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組的MDA含量明顯高于對照組(t=9.278,P=0.001);疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組的CAT、SOD以及GSH活性均明顯低于對照組(t=10.055、14.196、22.535,P=0.001、0.001、0.001);常規(guī)治療組MDA含量顯著高于疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組(t=25.641,P=0.001);常規(guī)治療組的CAT、SOD以及GSH活性均明顯低于疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組(t=29.012、25.188、20.102,P=0.001、0.001、0.001)。見表2。
2.3 三組NO含量和eNOS活性比較 三組NO含量和eNOS活性比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組NO含量和eNOS活性均顯著高于對照組(t=12.284、18.291,P=0.001、0.001);常規(guī)治療組NO含量和eNOS活性顯著高于疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組(t=42.595、30.566,P=0.001、0.001)。見表3。
2.4 三組FeNO變化情況比較 治療前,常規(guī)治療組和疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組FeNO水平均高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=8.269、7.079,P=0.001、0.001);治療后,常規(guī)治療組和疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組FeNO水平均明顯于低治療前,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=5.343、6.752,P=0.001、0.001)。見表4。
2.5 兩組治療前后肺功能比較 治療前,兩組FEV1占預(yù)計值百分比、FEV1/FVC水平比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療后,兩組FEV1占預(yù)計值百分比、FEV1/FVC水平均高于治療前,且疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組均高于常規(guī)治療組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表5。
3 討論
COPD在發(fā)病機制方面主要包括炎癥機制、氧化應(yīng)激機制、蛋白酶-抗蛋白酶失衡等機制。其中,氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)及氣道炎癥是AECOPD發(fā)生發(fā)展的重要機制,也是當(dāng)今研究的熱點內(nèi)容。氧化應(yīng)激是體內(nèi)氧化與抗氧化機制平衡被打破,氧化作用大于抗氧化作用,其結(jié)果是中性粒細胞炎性浸潤,導(dǎo)致蛋白酶分泌增加,從而產(chǎn)生一系列的氧化中間產(chǎn)物。氧化應(yīng)激是煙草煙霧導(dǎo)致呼吸道損傷的重要因素之一,其作用機制為通過過量活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的累積誘導(dǎo)細胞發(fā)生氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),進而導(dǎo)致細胞損傷和凋亡[5-7]。脂質(zhì)氧化的最終產(chǎn)物是MDA,其表達水平越高,體內(nèi)氧自由基的產(chǎn)生和釋放水平也越高,細胞受自由基攻擊的程度也就越劇烈。肺組織本身為了保護細胞防御氧化損傷,含有豐富的抗氧化系統(tǒng)。SOD作為細胞內(nèi)主要的自由基清除劑和抗氧化酶,可有效對抗氧自由基對機體的損害,SOD水平越高,內(nèi)源性氧自由基清除系統(tǒng)功能就越強[8-10]。CAT作為一種酶類清除劑,存在于細胞的過氧化物體內(nèi),是過氧化物酶體的標(biāo)志酶。CAT可將H2O2分解為分子氧和水,通過這樣的方式清除掉體內(nèi)的H2O2,從而使細胞免于遭受H2O2的毒害,是生物防御體系的關(guān)鍵酶之一。GSH可催化H2O2分解,是機體內(nèi)的一種重要的抗氧化酶,其水平越高,那么機體清除氧自由基的能力就越強[11]。
疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊原名“祛毒散”,主要由甘草、連翹、敗醬草、虎杖、隔山消、馬鞭草六味藥物組成,用于治療扁桃體炎、傷風(fēng)、腮腺炎、白喉等病。現(xiàn)代藥理學(xué)研究表明疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊具有控制炎癥、抗病毒及抗細菌等功能作用,還具有免疫調(diào)節(jié)功能,具備治療COPD的理論基礎(chǔ)[12-13]。文獻[14-16]
發(fā)現(xiàn)疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊降低對肺、心臟和肝臟的損傷是通過抑制腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)等細胞因子的表達來實現(xiàn)的,對INF-γ具有雙向表達作用。呂偉偉等[17]發(fā)現(xiàn)通過抑制MAPK/NF-κB Signaling通路,下調(diào)NF-κB mRNA的表達,最終抑制LPS誘導(dǎo)的炎癥反應(yīng),減輕LPS誘導(dǎo)的肺損傷反應(yīng)。從本試驗中可以看到,AECOPD患者MDA含量明顯提高,而SOD、CAT和GSH活性明顯受到抑制,經(jīng)過疏風(fēng)解毒治療
1周,發(fā)現(xiàn)其可顯著逆轉(zhuǎn)COPD引起的氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)。另外,過氧亞硝酸鹽可介導(dǎo)肺組織損傷,而超氧化物和NO反應(yīng)可生成過氧亞硝酸鹽,在受損的血管內(nèi)eNOS的含量往往是增加的,作為調(diào)控血管功能的關(guān)鍵因子,可產(chǎn)生收縮血管的超氧化物以及NO,因此被視為氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的標(biāo)志物之一[18]。從本試驗結(jié)果中可以看出,疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組NO含量和eNOS活性均顯著高于對照組(P<0.05);常規(guī)治療組NO含量和eNOS活性均顯著高于疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組(P<0.05)。說明疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊能顯著抑制NO含量以及eNOS活性,急性加重期患者是可以獲益的。
現(xiàn)階段,肺功能檢查仍是診斷COPD的金標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在吸入支氣管擴張劑后,第1秒用力呼氣容積/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)<0.70表示存在持續(xù)氣流受限。呼出氣NO是檢測氣道炎癥主要手段之一[19]。FeNO檢測是一項具有快速、精確、無創(chuàng)、簡便、安全且能有效量化氣道炎癥的檢測手段,最早是Gustafsson等[20]通過化學(xué)發(fā)光法發(fā)現(xiàn)的,目前已廣泛用于支氣管哮喘和AECOPD期的輔助診斷。本研究顯示疏風(fēng)解毒治療組較常規(guī)治療組能有效改善COPD患者的肺功能(P<0.05);治療后,兩組FeNO均較治療前明顯降低,且疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊組低于常規(guī)治療組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。證實了疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊能有效抑制患者氣道炎癥。
本研究證實疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊可顯著改善AECOPD引起的氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng),能有效抑制患者氣道炎癥和改善AECOPD患者的肺功能情況。通過逐步完善的藥理學(xué)及分子學(xué)研究,為疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊臨床應(yīng)用提供了可靠依據(jù),也為中醫(yī)辨證將疏風(fēng)解毒膠囊用于呼吸系統(tǒng)等疾病提供了理論支持。
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(收稿日期:2019-06-28) (本文編輯:姬思雨)
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2020年3期