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A型肉毒毒素與曲安奈德治療瘢痕疙瘩的療效和安全性比較

2020-06-01 10:10羊乃康孫琦
中國美容醫(yī)學(xué) 2020年5期
關(guān)鍵詞:曲安奈德疼痛

羊乃康 孫琦

[摘要]目的:探究A型肉毒毒素與曲安奈德治療瘢痕疙瘩的療效和安全性。方法:收集筆者醫(yī)院2017年1月-2019年6月收治的80例瘢痕疙瘩患者的臨床資料,依據(jù)治療方法分為觀察組(40例)和對照組(40例)。觀察組采用A型肉毒毒素局部注射治療,對照組采用曲安奈德局部注射治療。比較兩組總有效率、疼痛視覺模擬評分(Visual analogue scale,VAS)、皮損厚度及不良反應(yīng)情況。結(jié)果:觀察組有效率為95.00%顯著高于對照組的72.50%,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。治療后1個月、2個月和4個月觀察組相同時間點(diǎn)的VAS評分、皮損厚度均顯著低于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為10.00%,對照組為27.50%,組間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);治療4個月后,觀察組無復(fù)發(fā),對照組復(fù)發(fā)6例,復(fù)發(fā)率為15.00%,組間比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P=0.010)。結(jié)論:A型肉毒毒素治療瘢痕疙瘩的療效比曲安奈德更好,能有效降低瘢痕厚度、減輕患者疼痛,復(fù)發(fā)率低,且不良反應(yīng)輕微,值得推廣。

[關(guān)鍵詞]A型肉毒毒素;曲安奈德;瘢痕疙瘩;局部注射治療;疼痛

[中圖分類號]R619+.6 ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A ? ?[文章編號]1008-6455(2020)05-0066-04

Abstract: Objective ?To explore the efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A and triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of keloid. Methods ?The clinical data of 80 patients with keloids admitted to our hospital from January 2017 to June 2019 were collected and divided into the observation group (40 cases) and the control group (40 cases) according to the treatment. The observation group was treated by local injection of botulinum toxin type A, while the control group was treated by local injection of triamcinolone acetonide.The total effective rate, pain visual analogue scale (VAS), skin lesion thickness and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results ?The effective rate of the observation group was 95.00%, significantly higher than that of the control group (72.50%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The VAS score and the thickness of skin lesions in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at 1, 2 and 4 months after treatment (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions was 10.00% in the observation group and 27.50% in the control group, there was no significant difference between groups (P>0.05). After 4 months of treatment, there was no recurrence in the observation group and 6 cases(15.00%) in the control group, and the recurrence rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P=0.010). Conclusion ?Botulinum toxin type A is better than triamcinolone acetonide in the treatment of keloid. It can effectively reduce the thickness of keloid and relieve the pain of patients with low recurrence rate and mild adverse reactions, which is worthy of promotion.

Key words: botulinum toxin type A; triamcinolone acetonide; keloid; local injection; pain

瘢痕疙瘩的發(fā)生是由于組織修復(fù)機(jī)制失調(diào)導(dǎo)致皮膚損傷后膠原過度沉積最后超出損傷邊緣,并且呈浸潤性生長的真皮纖維化疾病,其特點(diǎn)是具有強(qiáng)大的增生能力,大多會伴隨患者一生,不但影響外觀,還伴隨瘙癢和疼痛[1]。曲安奈德是目前臨床上治療瘢痕疙瘩常用且最為有效的皮質(zhì)類固醇類藥物之一,但應(yīng)用后復(fù)發(fā)幾率較大,臨床效果不一[2]。A型肉毒毒素是在美容外科廣泛應(yīng)用的一種高度神經(jīng)毒性藥物[3]。最近研究發(fā)現(xiàn),A型肉毒毒素可以促進(jìn)傷口修復(fù),具有萎縮、軟化瘢痕,抑制瘢痕疙瘩成纖維細(xì)胞增殖的作用[4]。但目前關(guān)于A型肉毒毒素治療瘢痕疙瘩的相關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn)和報(bào)道較少,因此本研究對二者進(jìn)行對比研究探討在瘢痕治療中的作用。

治療后1、2、4個月觀察組相同時間點(diǎn)的皮損厚度均顯著低于對照組,瘢痕厚度和瘢痕面積也均顯著低于對照組??紤]原因是A型肉毒毒素抑制乙酰膽堿釋放,起到麻痹瘢痕皮膚局部橫紋肌的作用,有利于皮膚穩(wěn)定性,從而進(jìn)一步減少瘢痕處表皮牽拉張力,對瘢痕周圍炎癥有效抑制[17]。A型肉毒毒素治療瘢痕疙瘩的機(jī)制主要包括誘導(dǎo)成纖維細(xì)胞和內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞凋亡、抑制細(xì)胞增殖、抗血管新生,從而抑制瘢痕增生,降低瘢痕厚度和瘢痕面積;此外,A型肉毒毒素可以明顯提高瘢痕疙瘩成纖維細(xì)胞的敏感性,增加其凋亡率[18]。本研究結(jié)果還發(fā)現(xiàn)觀察組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為10.00%,對照組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為27.50%,觀察組具有更高的安全性。于水等[19]在A型肉毒毒素在皮膚科的應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀研究中指出,其可以作為有效且安全的瘢痕疙瘩防治方法。既往研究[20]中應(yīng)用肉毒毒素治療瘢痕疙瘩安全性都較好。本研究治療4個月后,觀察組無一例復(fù)發(fā),對照組復(fù)發(fā)6例,對照組復(fù)發(fā)率為15.00%。表示A型肉毒毒素治療瘢痕疙瘩具有顯著優(yōu)越性。但考慮到樣本量和隨訪時間,其實(shí)際療效和不良反應(yīng)還有待進(jìn)一步明確。

綜上所述,A型肉毒毒素治療瘢痕疙瘩的療效明顯優(yōu)于曲安奈德,能有效降低瘢痕厚度、對減輕痛癢癥狀效果尤為明顯,復(fù)發(fā)率低,且安全性較好,但其機(jī)制還需要進(jìn)一步研究。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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[收稿日期]2019-10-09

本文引用格式:羊乃康,孫琦.A型肉毒毒素與曲安奈德治療瘢痕疙瘩的療效和安全性比較[J].中國美容醫(yī)學(xué),2020,29(5):66-69.

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