林樸卿 洪長江 吳珊 胡中志
[摘要] 目的 探討冠心?。–HD)患者血清成纖維細胞生長因子21(FGF21)、核轉(zhuǎn)錄過氧化物酶增殖體激活受體γ(PPARγ)水平變化及臨床意義。 方法 選擇2018年3月~2019年3月廣州中醫(yī)藥大學祈福醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)住院接受治療的由冠脈造影確診為CHD患者129例作為觀察組,選取同期來我院健康體檢的體檢者80名作為對照組。根據(jù)冠脈病變程度將觀察組分為輕度組(n = 45)、中度組(n = 55)和重度組(n = 29);根據(jù)冠脈病變分支數(shù)量將觀察組分為單支病變組(n = 48)、雙支病變組(n = 44)和多支病變組(n = 37)。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗法檢測各組血清FGF21和PPARγ水平,并分析FGF21和PPARγ水平與Gensini評分及病變支數(shù)的關系。結果 觀察組血清FGF21和PPARγ水平均顯著高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P < 0.05)。CHD不同程度冠脈病變患者中,中度組的FGF21和PPARγ水平均高于輕度組,而重度組高于中度組和輕度組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P < 0.05)。CHD不同程度冠脈病變支數(shù)患者中,雙支病變組的FGF21和PPARγ水平均高于單只病變組,而多支病變組均高于雙支病變組和單只病變組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P < 0.05)。Spearman相關性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),CHD患者中FGF21和PPARγ水平與病變支數(shù)和Gensini評分呈正相關(r > 0,P < 0.05),F(xiàn)GF21水平與PPARγ水平呈正相關(r > 0,P < 0.05)。 結論 CHD患者血清FGF21和PPARγ水平上升,且FGF21和PPARγ水平與冠脈病變狹窄程度及病變累積密切相關。
[關鍵詞] 冠心病;血清成纖維細胞生長因子21;核轉(zhuǎn)錄過氧化物酶增殖體激活受體γ;Gensini評分
[中圖分類號] R541.4? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)06(b)-0067-04
Changes and clinical significance of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 and nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ levels in patients with coronary heart disease
LIN Puqing? ?HONG Changjiang? ?WU Shan? ?HU Zhongzhi
Department of Cardiology, Clifford Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou? ?511495, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods A total of 129 patients with CHD confirmed by coronary angiography during hospitalization in Clifford Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (hereinafter referred to as “our hospital”) from March 2018 to March 2019 were selected as the observation group, and 80 person who came to our hospital for physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The observation group was divided into mild group (n = 45), moderate group (n = 55) and severe group (n = 29) according to the degree of coronary artery disease. The observation group was divided into single-vessel lesion group (n = 48), double-vessel lesion group (n = 44) and multi-vessel lesion group (n = 37) according to the number of coronary artery lesion branches. Serum FGF21 and PPARγ levels in each group were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the relationship between FGF21 and PPARγ levels and Gensini score and lesion count was analyzed. Results Serum FGF21 and PPARγ levels of patients in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Among the CHD patients with different degrees of coronary artery disease, the FGF21 and PPARγ levels in the moderate group were higher than those in the mild group, while those in the severe group were higher than those in the moderate group and the mild group, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Among the CHD patients with varying degrees of coronary artery lesions, the FGF21 and PPARγ levels in the double-vessel lesion group were higher than those in the single-vessel lesion group, while those in the multiple-vessel lesion group were higher than those in the double-vessel lesion group and the single-vessel lesion group, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis found that FGF21 and PPARγ levels in CHD patients were positively correlated with lesion count and Gensini score (r > 0,P < 0.05), and FGF21 levels were positively correlated with PPARγ levels (r > 0,P < 0.05). Conclusion The levels of FGF21 and PPARγ are increased in CHD patients, and the levels of FGF21 and PPARγ are closely related to the stenosis degree and accumulation of coronary artery lesions.
[Key words] Coronary heart disease; Serum fibroblast growth factor 21; Nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ; Gensini score
冠心?。–HD)是冠狀動脈血管發(fā)生動脈粥樣硬化病變而引起血管腔狹窄或阻塞,造成心肌缺血、缺氧或壞死而導致的心臟病[1]。近年來為臨床上常見的心臟疾病,且是占據(jù)當前死亡率最高的疾病之一;流行病學調(diào)查顯示,活動量少、血糖血脂偏高、糖尿病、肥胖人群死于心血管疾病的概率更高[2-3]。隨著人們生活水平的提高和經(jīng)濟壓力的增加,CHD的患病率和死亡率不斷上升,世界衛(wèi)生組織預計2020年冠心病將成為首位危害人類健康的疾病[4]。這不僅嚴重影響了國民的身體健康及生活質(zhì)量,也增加醫(yī)療的經(jīng)濟負擔,因此,做好對CHD的預防極其重要。成纖維細胞因子21(FGF21)是一種代謝調(diào)節(jié)因子,肝臟、骨骼肌、胸腺、胰腺和心臟等器官均能分泌[5]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),F(xiàn)GF21具有內(nèi)分泌因子的功能,可以維持體內(nèi)代謝平衡、對內(nèi)皮細胞凋亡和心肌缺血具有保護作用[6]。而核轉(zhuǎn)錄因子過氧化物酶增殖體激活受體γ(PPARγ)是一類由配體調(diào)節(jié)的核激素受體,參與了體內(nèi)細胞凋亡、細胞增殖、動脈粥樣硬化和體內(nèi)炎性反應等多種生理過程[7]。本研究探討了冠心病患者血清FGF21、PPARγ水平變化及臨床意義,現(xiàn)報道如下:
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2018年3月~2019年3月在廣州中醫(yī)藥大學祈福醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)住院并經(jīng)心內(nèi)科冠狀動脈造影術(CAG)確診為CHD患者129例作為觀察組。納入標準:①典型臨床表現(xiàn)、心肌酶學、心電圖以及冠狀動脈造影檢查等綜合確診為冠心病,符合中華醫(yī)學會心血管病學分會制訂的《中國心血管病預防指南》[8]中對CHD的診斷標準;②患者年齡≥18歲;③首次發(fā)病且發(fā)病距入院時間為72 h。排出標準:①肝、腎功能出現(xiàn)障礙的患者;②孕產(chǎn)婦和哺乳期的女性患者;③風濕性心臟病以及類風濕性關節(jié)炎等自身免疫性疾病患者;③急、慢性炎性反應性疾病者;④嚴重心力衰竭、呼吸衰竭患者;⑤彌漫性血管內(nèi)凝血等凝血和出血性疾病患者;⑥左主干嚴重病變的患者;⑦急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者;⑧惡性腫瘤患者;⑨近期內(nèi)服用過抗凝藥物及影響凝血和纖溶的藥物,也服用過抗血小板藥物的患者。其中男72例,女57例;年齡38~64歲,平均(54.85±5.12)歲。選取同期來我院健康體檢并體檢正常的體檢者80名作為對照組,其中男41名,女39名;年齡37~63歲,平均(55.08±5.18)歲,兩組一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。根據(jù)冠脈病變程度將觀察組分為輕度組(n = 45)、中度組(n = 55)和重度組(n = 29);根據(jù)冠脈病變分支數(shù)量將觀察組分為單支病變組(n = 48)、雙支病變組(n = 44)和多支病變組(n = 37)。所有研究過程均符合我院醫(yī)學倫理委員會的相關規(guī)定,患者知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
1.2 方法
所有受試者于清晨空腹狀態(tài)下,抽取靜脈血5 mL,2000 r/min離心10 min,離心半徑為12 cm,分離出血清,置于-80℃超低溫冰箱凍存。酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(ELISA)法檢測血清FGF21和PPARγ水平,實驗步驟參照檢測試劑盒(ebiscience公司,生產(chǎn)批號:20180123)操作。
冠脈病變程度評價采用Gensini評分標準[9]。冠脈造影評估冠脈8個主要節(jié)段的狹窄程度,無狹窄為0分,狹窄程度<50%為1分、50%~<75%為2分、75%~ <100%為3分、100%為4分,計算各節(jié)段評分之和,評分<8分為輕度、8~14分為中度、>14分為重度。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 25.0統(tǒng)計學軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進行分析,計量資料采用均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,兩組間差異比較采用獨立樣本t檢驗,多組間比較采用F檢驗,進一步兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗,兩因素之間的相關性分析采用Spearman法。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 兩組血清FGF21和PPARγ水平比較
觀察組血清中FGF21和PPARγ水平均顯著高于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P < 0.05)。見表1。
2.2 不同程度冠脈病變患者血清FGF21和PPARγ水平差異
CHD不同程度冠脈病變患者中,中度組的FGF21和PPARγ水平均高于輕度組,而重度組高于中度組和輕度組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.3 不同冠脈病變支數(shù)患者血清FGF21和PPARγ水平差異
CHD不同程度冠脈病變支數(shù)患者中,雙支病變組的FGF21和PPARγ水平均高于單只病變組,而多支病變組均高于雙支病變組和單只病變組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(均P < 0.05)。見表3。
2.4 CHD患者FGF21和PPARγ水平與病變支數(shù)及Gensini評分的相關性分析
應用Spearman相關性分析發(fā)現(xiàn),CHD患者中FGF21和PPARγ水平與病變支數(shù)呈正相關(r = 0.668, P = 0.010;r = 0.578,P = 0.021),F(xiàn)GF21和PPARγ水平與Gensini評分呈正相關(r = 0.605,P = 0.018;r = 0.615,P = 0.016),F(xiàn)GF21水平與PPARγ水平呈正相關(r = 0.525,P = 0.001)。
3 討論
近年來,隨著人們的生活水平得到很大的提高和改善,CHD在中老年人群發(fā)病的概率逐漸增加,出現(xiàn)一系列不同的臨床表現(xiàn),嚴重危害著人類的健康[10-11]。動脈粥樣硬化的具體發(fā)生機制卻十分復雜,主要是由于炎性因子引起相關免疫非特異性反應,各種炎性相關因子和脂肪因子、纖維組織共同作用逐漸發(fā)展成為動脈粥樣硬化斑塊[12-13]。
成纖維細胞生長因子(FGF)家族包括22個成員,F(xiàn)GF21作為FGF家族成員之一,是由肝臟等多種器官合成的肽類激素,其可通過旁分泌或自分泌的作用,不僅在調(diào)節(jié)糖脂代謝中發(fā)揮重要的調(diào)節(jié)功能[14],還具有抑制心肌炎癥、抗動脈粥樣硬化等作用[15]。本研究中,觀察組FGF21水平顯著高于對照組。其機制可能是冠心病患者心肌細胞處于缺血缺氧狀態(tài),細胞內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)應激后活性氧產(chǎn)生增多,導致轉(zhuǎn)錄因子4(ATF4)激活,ATF4結合到FGF21基因啟動子區(qū)特定的反應元件,導致細胞FGF21表達水平升高[16]。本研究中FGF21與冠脈病變程度及病變支數(shù)呈正相關,其原因是冠心病患者血清中高水平的FGF21對脂代謝的異常調(diào)控作用有關,研究顯示冠心病患者血清FGF21水平與三酰甘油、空腹血糖、載脂蛋白B100、胰島素和胰島素抵抗指數(shù)(HOMA-IR)呈正相關,而與HDL-C和載脂蛋白A1負相關,而動脈內(nèi)膜三酰甘油等脂質(zhì)沉積導致冠脈病變程度加重[17]。
PPARγ基因位于3號染色體,其編碼的PPARγ蛋白屬于模式識別受體家族,主要表達于巨噬細胞、脂肪細胞及血管內(nèi)皮細胞等表面,能夠被過氧化物酶、対氧磷酶等激活,PPARγ參與機體糖脂代謝及胰島素敏感性等多種生物學過程[18]。有研究報道,PPARγ基因His477His多態(tài)性是冠心病易感性的重要危險因素,因此推測PPARγ基因表達可能在冠心病的發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮重要的作用[7]。本研究中,觀察組PPARγ水平顯著高于對照組。有研究報道冠心病時載脂蛋白E基因表達水平升高,其能夠與PPARγ相互作用,并促進PPARγ基因的表達[19]。本研究中PPARγ、冠狀動脈病變支數(shù)和Gensini評分呈正相關。其原因是冠心病時PPARγ被激活,通過NF-κB通路代謝途徑,促進細胞因子炎癥的表達,造成血管免疫損傷,導致動脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生,促進心血管疾病的發(fā)展[20]。本研究中,冠心病患者血清FGF21的水平與PPARγ的水平呈正相關,其機制尚不明確,有研究顯示FGF21的表達能夠直接促進PPARγ的表達,而在敲除FGF21基因后,PPARγ蛋白的類泛素化水平增加,導致PPARγ表達水平降低[21],但冠心病中二者之間具體的作用機制有待進一步深入研究。
綜上所述,CHD患者血清FGF21和PPARγ水平上升,且FGF21和PPARγ水平與冠脈病變狹窄程度及病變累積密切相關,可能作為未來臨床預測和評估冠狀動脈病變程度的血清學指標。
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(收稿日期:2019-11-26? 本文編輯:顧家毓)