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5′-NT及其與ALT聯(lián)合檢測在鑒別ALP升高的惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移中的價值

2020-07-27 16:28崔嬋娟高佳李佳于夢瑤張浩崔巍
中國醫(yī)藥導報 2020年17期
關(guān)鍵詞:磷酸酶特異性肝癌

崔嬋娟 高佳 李佳 于夢瑤 張浩 崔巍

[摘要] 目的 研究血清5′核苷酸酶(5′-NT)及其與丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(ALT)聯(lián)合檢測在鑒別血清堿性磷酸酶(ALP)升高的惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移中的價值。 方法 選取2018年12月~2019年8月中國醫(yī)學科學院北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學院腫瘤醫(yī)院就診惡性腫瘤患者176例。其中血清ALP水平升高但無骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者88例為ALP升高肝癌組;血清ALP水平升高但其余肝功能指標均正常的骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者88例為ALP升高惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移組;同期選取健康志愿者50名為正常對照組。測定三組血清5′-NT及ALT水平。 結(jié)果 ALP升高肝癌組5′-NT陽性率高于ALP升高惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移組(P < 0.01),ALP升高肝癌組血清5′-NT水平高于ALP升高惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移組及正常對照組(P < 0.01)。血清5′-NT或ALT水平升高為ALP升高惡性腫瘤患者骨轉(zhuǎn)移的保護因素。5′-NT判斷ALP升高為惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移的曲線下面積(AUC)為0.966,當臨界值<5.6 U/L,靈敏度為90.91%,特異性為89.77%;5′-NT聯(lián)合ALT檢測時AUC為0.980,特異度可提高至96.49%。 結(jié)論 5′-NT及ALT聯(lián)合檢測在鑒別ALP升高的惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移中具有一定的臨床價值。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 5′核苷酸酶;堿性磷酸酶;腫瘤;骨轉(zhuǎn)移

[中圖分類號] R730.4? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)06(b)-0109-04

The value of serum 5′-nucleotidase and its combination with alanine aminotransferase in identifying bone metastases in cancer patients with elevated ALP

CUI Chanjuan? ?GAO Jia? ?LI Jia? ?YU Mengyao? ?ZHANG Hao? ?CUI Wei▲

Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Cancer Center? National Clinical Research Center for Cancer? Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing? ?100021, China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the value of serum 5′-nucleotidase (5′-NT) and its combination with alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in identifying bone metastases in cancer patients with elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Methods A total of 176 cancer patients who enrolled from Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from December 2018 to August 2019 were selected. Among them, 88 cases with elevated ALP but without bone metastasis were named the liver cancer with elevated ALP group; other 88 cases with bone metastasis and elevated ALP but normal liver function were named the cancer with bone metastasis and elevated ALP group; 50 healthy volunteers were named the normal control group at the same time. The levels of serum 5′-NT and ALT were detected in three groups. Results The positive rate of 5′-NT in the liver cancer with elevated ALP group was higher than that in the cancer with bone metastasis and elevated ALP group (P < 0.01). The serum levels of 5′-NT in liver cancer with elevated ALP group were higher than those in the cancer with bone metastasis and elevated ALP group and the normal control group (P < 0.01). The increased serum 5′-NT or ALT levels were protective factors for bone metastases in cancer patients with elevated ALP. The area under the curve (AUC) of 5′-NT to judge the elevation of ALP to malignant tumor bone metastasis was 0.966, and the sensitivity was 90.91% and the specificity was 89.77% when the critical value was < 5.6 U/L. The AUC of 5′-NT combined with ALT was 0.980, and the specificity was increased to 96.49%. Conclusion The combined detection of 5′-NT and ALT has a certain clinical value in differentiating bone metastases of malignant tumors with elevated ALP.

[Key words] 5′-nucleotidase; Alkaline phosphates; Cancer; Bone metastases

惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移居全身轉(zhuǎn)移性腫瘤第三位[1]。骨轉(zhuǎn)移臨床診斷常采用影像學檢查,但有輻射傷害,且費用高。近年來,人們越來越關(guān)注實驗室指標的作用。血清堿性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase,ALP)活性升高主要來源于肝臟和骨骼[2]。如何簡便、快速鑒別惡性腫瘤患者血清中ALP升高的來源是目前臨床上亟待解決的問題。有研究報道[3],與ALP比較,血清中骨型堿性磷酸酶(serum bone specific alkaline phosphates,sBAP)能更好地反映骨代謝,但sBAP在鑒別腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移的敏感度僅為40%~80%,特異性僅為75%~90%[4-5]。5′核苷酸酶(5′-NT)是一種磷酸酶,血清中該酶活性升高僅來源于肝膽組織,而骨骼系統(tǒng)疾病一般不升高[2]。因此本研究探討5′-NT及其與丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶(alanine aminotransferase,ALT)聯(lián)合在鑒別診斷ALP升高的惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移中的價值。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選取2018年12月~2019年8月中國醫(yī)學科學院北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學院腫瘤醫(yī)院(以下簡稱“我院”)就診惡性腫瘤患者176例。其中血清ALP水平升高但無骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者88例為ALP升高肝癌組,男61例,女27例;年齡21~81歲,平均(57±11)歲;血清ALP水平升高但其余肝功能指標均正常的骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者88例為ALP升高惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移組,男51例,女37例;年齡29~87歲,平均(58±11)歲。此外,選取我院體檢中心就診的健康志愿者50名為正常對照組,男29例,女21例,年齡34~78歲,平均(54±10)歲。三組一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)我院醫(yī)學倫理委員會批準,受試者均為自愿,均簽署知情同意書。

1.2 方法

1.2.1 儀器和試劑? Cobas e702全自動生化分析儀器(ROCHE);ALT和ALP試劑均由上海羅氏診斷產(chǎn)品有限公司提供;5′-NT(批號:2019010901)由威尚生物技術(shù)(合肥)有限公司提供。

1.2.2 樣本采集? 采用帶有惰性分離膠真空采管(BD Vactutainer)抽取受試者清晨空腹外周靜脈血4 mL,3846×g離心10 min,4 h內(nèi)完成檢測或-80℃凍存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>

1.2.3 檢測方法? Cobas e702全自動生化分析儀檢測5′-NT、ALT和ALP水平。5′-NT檢測方法:5′-次黃嘌呤核苷酸在5′-NT、嘌呤核苷磷酸化酶及氧化酶等作用下,生成尿酸和過氧化氫(H2O2),H2O2與4-氨基安替比林在過氧化物酶作用下生成醌亞胺,通過測定醌亞胺吸光度變化計算5′-NT活性。ALT檢測方法:L-丙氨酸和2-酮戊二酸在ALT催化下生成丙酮酸,丙酮酸與煙酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NADH)在乳酸脫氫酶催化下生成L-乳酸以及NAD+,通過測定NADH吸光度變化計算ALT活性。ALP檢測方法:磷酸對硝基苯酯經(jīng)ALP酶解為磷酸和對硝基苯酚,通過測定對硝基苯酚吸光度變化計算ALP活性。

1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法

采用SPSS 16.0統(tǒng)計學軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,Kolmogorov-Smirnov test進行正態(tài)分布檢驗,不符合正態(tài)分布的計量資料用中位數(shù)(M)和四分位間距(P25,P75)表示;三組5′-NT水平比較用Kruskal-Wallis秩和檢驗,組間兩兩比較用Mann-Whitney U檢驗;相關(guān)性分析用Pearson相關(guān)分析;logistic回歸用于ALP升高惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移因素分析。采用受試者工作特征曲線(ROC)分析血清5′-NT及ALT判斷ALP升高惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移的效能。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 三組血清5′-NT水平比較

ALP升高肝癌組血清5′-NT水平為15.10(9.75~24.00)U/L,ALP升高惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移組為2.10(1.78~2.50)U/L,正常對照組為2.60(2.10~3.50)U/L。ALP升高肝癌組血清5′-NT水平高于ALP升高惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移組及正常對照組,差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01);ALP升高肝癌組血清5′-NT陽性率(73.86%)高于ALP升高惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移組(3.41%),差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.01)。見圖1。

2.2 血清5′-NT與ALP相關(guān)性分析

血清5′-NT與ALP呈正相關(guān)(r = 0.910,P < 0.05)。見圖2。

2.3 血清5′-NT和ALT判斷ALP升高惡性腫瘤患者骨轉(zhuǎn)移的效能

2.3.1 發(fā)生骨轉(zhuǎn)移惡性腫瘤類型比例? 骨轉(zhuǎn)移腫瘤類型包括肺癌39例(44.32%)、結(jié)直腸癌4例(4.55%)、前列腺癌17例(19.32%)、乳腺癌21例(23.86%)、腎癌2例(2.27%)、宮頸癌1例(1.14%)、骨腫瘤2例(2.27%)、胃癌2例(2.27%)。

2.3.2 ALP升高惡性腫瘤患者骨轉(zhuǎn)移的因素分析? 血清5′-NT及ALT水平增高為ALP升高惡性腫瘤患者骨轉(zhuǎn)移的保護因素。見表1。

2.3.3 血清5′-NT和ALT判斷ALP升高惡性腫瘤患者骨轉(zhuǎn)移的效能? 5′-NT判斷ALP升高為惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移的曲線下面積(AUC)為0.966,當臨界值<5.6 U/L時,靈敏度為90.91%,特異性為89.77%;ALT判斷ALP升高為惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移的AUC為0.854,當臨界值<28 U/L時,靈敏度為87.50%,特異性為71.60%;5′-NT聯(lián)合ALT檢測時AUC為0.980。見圖3,表2。

3 討論

據(jù)統(tǒng)計,65%~85%惡性腫瘤患者存在不同程度的骨轉(zhuǎn)移[6-8],已診斷的骨轉(zhuǎn)移遠低于實際發(fā)病率[8]。骨轉(zhuǎn)移嚴重威脅患者生命。由于骨活檢和影像學檢查存在一些缺點,因此,人們越來越關(guān)注實驗室指標的作用。血清ALP主要用于輔助診斷肝膽和骨骼系統(tǒng)疾病。臨床上很多惡性腫瘤易發(fā)生骨轉(zhuǎn)移(如前列腺癌、乳腺癌),尤其是晚期患者[9-11]。如何簡便、快速鑒別惡性腫瘤患者血清ALP升高的來源是目前臨床亟待解決的問題。

血清5′-NT活性升高僅來源于肝膽組織[2,12-13]。本研究結(jié)果顯示, ALP升高肝癌組5′-NT陽性率高于ALP升高惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移組,且血清5′-NT水平顯著高于ALP升高惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移組和正常對照組(P < 0.01)。該結(jié)果與Raghavendra等[14]研究結(jié)果相似。提示血清5′-NT可更好鑒別血清ALP升高的惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者。5′-NT與ALP活性升高均可見于膽道梗阻、膽汁淤積等情況[1,15],因此,本研究亦顯示這兩種酶呈顯著相關(guān)性?;貧w分析顯示血清5′-NT及ALT水平增高為ALP升高惡性腫瘤患者骨轉(zhuǎn)移保護因素。5′-NT及ALT均是與肝膽系統(tǒng)疾病相關(guān)的指標[16-19],但與ALT比較,血清5′-NT判斷ALP升高惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移的靈敏度和特異性更高。有研究顯示[20],骨顯像判斷惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者的靈敏度可達95.4%,特異性為87.5%。本研究中血清5′-NT判斷惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者的靈敏度和特異性與骨顯像結(jié)果相似[18]。5′-NT與ALT聯(lián)合檢測時,其診斷效能可進一步提高。

本研究局限性:本研究僅進行橫向比較。對于ALP升高的肝癌骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者以及因放化療等導致肝損傷的腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移患者仍需影像學來進一步鑒別。

綜上所述,血清5′-NT與ALT聯(lián)合檢測在鑒別血清ALP升高惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移中具有一定的臨床價值,并且無輻射,無創(chuàng)傷,便于對病情動態(tài)監(jiān)測。

[參考文獻]

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[6]? Castoldi E,Cappella A,Gibelli D,et al. The Difficult Task of Diagnosing Prostate Cancer Metastases on Dry Bone [J]. J Forensic Sci,2018,63(3):672-682.

[7]? Pinski J,Dorff TB. Prostate cancer metastases to bone:pathophysiology,pain management,and the promise of targeted therapy [J]. Eur J Cancer,2005,41(6):932-940.

[8]? Costa L,Demers LM,Gouveia-Oliveira A,et al. Prospective evaluation of the peptide-bound collagen type I cross-links N-telopeptide and C-telopeptide in predicting bone metastases status [J]. J Clin Oncol,2002,20(3):850-856.

[9]? Yang M,Liu C,Yu X. Skeletal-related adverse events during bone metastasis of breast cancer:current status [J]. Discov Med,2019,27(149):211-220.

[10]? Wang S,Li GX,Tan CC,et al. FOXF2 reprograms breast cancer cells into bone metastasis seeds [J]. Nat Commun,2019,10(1):2707.

[11]? Quayle L,Ottewell PD,Holen I. Bone Metastasis:Molecular Mechanisms Implicated in Tumour Cell Dormancy in Breast and Prostate Cancer [J]. Curr Cancer Drug Targets,2015,15(6):469-480.

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[13]? Hyder MA,Hasan M,Mohieldein A. Comparative Study of 5′-Nucleotidase Test in Various Liver Diseases [J]. J Clin Diagn Res,2016,10(2):BC01-BC03.

[14]? Raghavendra DS,Rao SB. Studies on some serum enzyme levels in various liver diseases [J]. Indian J Clin Biochem,2000,15(1):48-51.

[15]? Fernandez NJ,Kidney BA. Alkaline phosphatase:beyond the liver [J]. Vet Clin Pathol,2007,36(3):223-233.

[16]? 伍建蓉,鄭玲,楊紅,等.血清骨型堿性磷酸酶對于惡性腫瘤骨轉(zhuǎn)移的診斷價值[J]. 臨床腫瘤學雜志,2010,15(11):1007-1010.

[17]? Woreta TA,Alqahtani SA. Evaluation of abnormal liver tests [J]. Med Clin North Am,2014,98(1):1-16.

[18]? Subhani TF,Nasar MA,Gupta RP,et al. Oxidative stress,antioxidant status and 5′-nucleotidase activity in chronic hepatitis c and alcoholic patients [J]. J Biomed Pharm Res,2015,4(1):38-45.

[19]? Shim JJ,Kim JW,Oh CH,et al. Serum alanine aminotransferase level and liver-related mortality in patients with chronic hepatitis B:A large national cohort study [J]. Liver Int,2018,38(10):1751-1759.

[20]? Sookoian S,Pirola CJ. Liver enzymes,metabolomics and genome-wide association studies:from systems biology to the personalized medicine [J]. World J Gastroenterol,2015,21(3):711-725.

(收稿日期:2019-11-06? 本文編輯:劉明玉)

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