李茜
摘 要:全國(guó)卷高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)篇理解、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用及單詞拼寫(xiě)的英語(yǔ)綜合應(yīng)用能力。從有提示詞和無(wú)提示詞兩大方面總結(jié)了七大考點(diǎn)及對(duì)應(yīng)的11個(gè)答題技巧。
關(guān)鍵詞:語(yǔ)法填空;考點(diǎn);解題策略
全國(guó)卷高考英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空考查學(xué)生語(yǔ)篇理解、分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)法運(yùn)用及單詞拼寫(xiě)的英語(yǔ)綜合應(yīng)用能力。筆者通過(guò)對(duì)近六年英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷的研讀及學(xué)生實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練,就語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空歸納總結(jié)出一些考點(diǎn)及對(duì)應(yīng)的解題技巧,供大家在教學(xué)或備考中參考。
一、有提示詞試題的解題技巧
考點(diǎn)一:動(dòng)詞——謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
例: Our hosts shared many of their experiences and
(recommend) wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. (2019年全國(guó)Ш卷) Key: recommended.
Skill 1:若句中沒(méi)有謂語(yǔ)v.,或者雖已有謂語(yǔ)v.,但需填的v.與之是并列關(guān)系時(shí),所給動(dòng)詞就是謂語(yǔ)v.;若是謂語(yǔ)v.,考慮時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致。
考點(diǎn)二:動(dòng)詞——非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
例: We dont have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call______(say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.(2019全國(guó)Ⅱ卷) Key:saying.
Skill 2:若句中已有謂語(yǔ)v.,又不是并列謂語(yǔ)v.時(shí),所給v.就是非謂語(yǔ)v.。若是非謂語(yǔ)v.則確定用-ing形式、-ed形式,還是用to do. 確定非謂語(yǔ)的形式一定要考慮它與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。
Attention:有時(shí)給出的v.既不是謂語(yǔ)v.也不是非謂語(yǔ)v.,而是要求詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。
考點(diǎn)三:詞類、形、義轉(zhuǎn)換題
例1:When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting___________(compete) to watch, together with the story behind it. (2019年全國(guó)Ш卷)Key:competition.
Skill 3:所填單詞作S.或O.或者在article, prep., adj., 形容詞性物主pron.或名詞所有格后,考慮填n.,注意單復(fù)數(shù)形式。
例2:They also shared with us many __________(tradition) stories about Hawaii that were hugely popular with tourists.(2019年全國(guó)Ш卷) Key:traditional.
Skill 4:作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ),通常用adj.。
例3:It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been_______(poor) studied. (2019年全國(guó)I卷) Key:poorly.
Skill 5:修飾v., adj., adv.或全句,考慮填adv.
例4:..., leading to the illusion(錯(cuò)覺(jué)) that populations are _______(high) than they actually are. (2019年全國(guó)I卷) Key:higher.
Skill 6:所給的是adj.或adv., 不改變?cè)~義或詞性,考慮比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)。
例5:When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find_____(they) alive.(2018年全國(guó)Ш卷) Key:them
Skill 7:所給的是pron.,注意人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)換。
二、無(wú)提示詞試題的解題技巧
考點(diǎn)一:冠詞
例:When we got a call saying she was short-listed, we thought it was____joke. (2019 全國(guó)Ⅱ卷) Key: a.
Skill 8:n.或adj.+n.前面若沒(méi)有限定詞(article,形容詞性物主pron.,不定pron.), 很可能填article.
考點(diǎn)二:介詞
例:We were first greeted with the barking by a pack _____dogs, seven to be exact.(2019年全國(guó)Ш卷) Key: of.
Skill 9:空格后是n., pron.或v-ing,且它們?cè)诰渲胁蛔髦髡Z(yǔ)、表語(yǔ),也不作v.的賓語(yǔ)時(shí),很可能是填prep. (不單獨(dú)作句子成分,常用于n.或v.搭配)
考點(diǎn)三:并列連詞
例:Irene said, “I dont see any reason to give up work...I work not because I have to,______because I want to.” (2019 全國(guó)Ⅱ卷) Key: but.
Skill 10:若兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)平行的詞、短語(yǔ)或分句之間沒(méi)有conj.,可能填并列conj.
考點(diǎn)四:(從句)引導(dǎo)詞
例:Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,______she opened with her late husband Les. (2019全國(guó)Ⅱ卷) Key: which.
Skill 11:若兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)之間沒(méi)有并列conj.,也沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào),要填從句的引導(dǎo)詞。
總之,答語(yǔ)篇型語(yǔ)法填空題型時(shí),注意四步走原則:瀏覽全文, 理解大意;分析句子,確定詞性;根據(jù)語(yǔ)義, 確定詞形;檢查搭配, 前后連貫。
注:本文系甘肅省“十三五”教育科學(xué)規(guī)劃立項(xiàng)課題《碎片式學(xué)習(xí)在甘南藏區(qū)高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)中的研究與應(yīng)用》(課題立項(xiàng)號(hào)為GS[2018]GHB4069)的研究成果之一。
編輯 高 瓊