張勇
[摘要] 目的 探討長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA(lncRNA) ROR1-AS1對(duì)骨肉瘤(OS)侵襲能力的影響。 方法 RT-PCR檢測(cè)成骨細(xì)胞和OS細(xì)胞株中l(wèi)ncRNA ROR1-AS1和ROR1的表達(dá);行細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染,觀察細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)情況,再過(guò)表達(dá)ROR1,Transwell和劃痕實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)細(xì)胞侵襲能力;Western-blot檢測(cè)上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化相關(guān)分子標(biāo)志物E-caderin、N-caderin、abcam的表達(dá)。 結(jié)果 與成骨細(xì)胞比較,OS細(xì)胞中l(wèi)ncRNA ROR1-AS1和ROR1高表達(dá)(P < 0.01);抑制lncRNA ROR1-AS1后,OS細(xì)胞中ROR1的mRNA表達(dá)下調(diào)(P < 0.05);Transwell和劃痕實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示細(xì)胞侵襲能力減弱,過(guò)表達(dá)ROR1后侵襲能力恢復(fù)(P < 0.05);抑制lncRNA ROR1-AS1后上皮表型標(biāo)志物E-caderin表達(dá)降低,間質(zhì)表型標(biāo)志物N-caderin表達(dá)增高;過(guò)表達(dá)ROR1后呈現(xiàn)相反結(jié)果。 結(jié)論 LncRNA ROR1-AS1促進(jìn)OS細(xì)胞侵襲依賴ROR1。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 骨肉瘤;長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA ROR1-AS1;ROR1;侵襲;上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化
[中圖分類號(hào)] R738.1? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)08(a)-0025-04
[Abstract] To investigate the effect of lncRNA ROR1-AS1 on the invasion ability of osteosarcoma (OS). Methods RT-PCR detected the expression of lncRNA ROR1-AS1 and ROR1 in osteoblasts and OS cell lines; cell growth was observed after cell transfection, ROR1 was overexpressed, and cell invasion ability was detected by Transwell and scratch test. The expression of epithelial to mesenchymal transformation -related molecular markers (E-caderin, N-caderin, abcam) was detected by Western-blot. Results LncRNA ROR1-AS1 and ROR1 were highly expressed in OS cells compared with osteoblasts (P < 0.01). After lncRNA ROR1-AS1 was inhibited, mRNA expression of ROR1 in OS cells was down-regulated (P < 0.05). After OS cells knocked down lncRNA ROR1-AS1, Transwell and scratch experiments confirmed that the invasion ability of cells was weakened, while the invasion ability was restored after overexpression of ROR1 (P < 0.05). After lncRNA ROR1-AS1 inhibition, the expression of epithelial phenotypic marker E-caderin was decreased, while that of mesenchymal phenotypic marker N-caderin was increased. Overexpression of ROR1 presents the opposite effect. Conclusion LncRNA ROR1-AS1 promotes OS cell invasion dependent on ROR1.
[Key words] Osteosarcoma; lncRNA ROR1-AS1; ROR1; Invasive; Epithelial to mesenchymal transformation
骨肉瘤(osteosarcoma,OS)發(fā)病年齡輕,致死率高[1-2],易轉(zhuǎn)移[3]。手術(shù)和化療雖有一定效果,但死亡率和轉(zhuǎn)移率仍然居高不下[4-5]。因此,闡明OS的侵襲機(jī)制,尋找生物標(biāo)志物,至關(guān)重要。非編碼RNA在腫瘤的發(fā)展中占據(jù)重要地位[6]。長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNAs(long noncoding RNAs,lncRNAs)包含200個(gè)以上核苷酸,從表觀遺傳學(xué)、轉(zhuǎn)錄和轉(zhuǎn)錄后調(diào)控等層面參與生物體的調(diào)控過(guò)程[7-9],并通過(guò)多種機(jī)制影響基因和蛋白的表達(dá)[10-12]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)lncRNA ROR1-AS1在OS中過(guò)表達(dá),并探討其在OS細(xì)胞侵襲中的作用機(jī)制。
1 材料與方法
1.1 材料
人成骨細(xì)胞NHOst和人OS細(xì)胞株HOS、Saos-2、U20S和MG63(購(gòu)自ATCC)。胎牛血清(TBD,中國(guó))、DMEM培養(yǎng)基(Gibico,美國(guó)),無(wú)菌培養(yǎng)箱(Thermo,美國(guó));lncRNA ROR1-AS1的si-RNA慢病毒、對(duì)照病毒、ROR1過(guò)表達(dá)質(zhì)粒,定量引物(Genechem,中國(guó));PCR引物[生工生物工程(上海)股份有限公司,中國(guó)],SYRB Green染料(Invitrogen,美國(guó),S7563)及逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒(TakaRa,日本,RR037A)。Transwell小室(Corning,美國(guó)),稀釋基質(zhì)膠(BD,美國(guó)),Lipofectamine 2000 (Invitrogen,美國(guó),11668027),PCR儀(ROCHE,瑞士);抗體ROR1,E-caderin,N-caderin,抗體(abcam,美國(guó),ab135669、ab76 055、ab18203,1∶400)。
1.2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)
含10%胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基(含青鏈霉素)培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞,克隆至70%~80%更換培養(yǎng)基;培養(yǎng)箱條件:37℃、50 mL/L CO2。
1.3 RT-PCR
檢測(cè)各細(xì)胞株中l(wèi)ncRNA ROR1-AS1的表達(dá)。TRIzol法提總RNA,并檢測(cè)純度及濃度。依據(jù)TaKaRa公司說(shuō)明書進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄和PCR反應(yīng)。反應(yīng)體系20 μL: 2×SYBR Premix Ex Taq 10 μL;上、下游引物各0.4 μL;cDNA 5 μL;雙蒸水4.2 μL。設(shè)定程序?yàn)閮刹椒≧T-PCR:預(yù)變性 95℃,1 min;之后每一步變性95℃,5 s;退火延伸 60℃,20 s;共進(jìn)行40個(gè)循環(huán)。每次在延伸階段讀取吸光值。lncRNA ROR1-AS1的上游引物序列為5′-CTGACGAAACACTGGAACTC-3′,下游引物序列為5′-GTCTGATTTGGTAGCTTGGATG-3′;ROR1的上游引物序列為5′-CAGATGAGTATGAAGAAGATGG-3′,下游引物序列為5′-ATGGCGAAC-TGAGAACAC-3′;U6作為內(nèi)參進(jìn)行相對(duì)定量,U6的上游引物序列為5′-TTATGGGTCCTAGCCTGAC-3′,下游引物序列為5′-CACTATTGCGGGCTGC-3′。采用2-△△Ct法計(jì)算兩者的相對(duì)表達(dá)量,重復(fù)3次。
1.4 細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)染
依據(jù)基因轉(zhuǎn)染操作手冊(cè),采用Lipofectamine 2000將過(guò)表達(dá)和沉默載體(si-lncRNA ROR1-AS1#1,si-lncRNA ROR1-AS1#2)轉(zhuǎn)染進(jìn)入細(xì)胞。經(jīng)48 h轉(zhuǎn)染后,觀察細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)情況,收集細(xì)胞用于進(jìn)一步研究。
1.5 Transwell
37℃無(wú)菌條件下,50 μg 細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)(ECM)膠加入8 μm孔徑的Transwell小室,放置6 h進(jìn)行包被;ECM膠充分凝固后,于上室加入不含抗生素及血清的培養(yǎng)基,接種細(xì)胞2×105個(gè)/孔,下室加入含10%血清無(wú)抗生素的培養(yǎng)基;24 h后取出小室,無(wú)菌棉簽擦拭去除上室內(nèi)的細(xì)胞,1%結(jié)晶紫染液對(duì)小室多孔膜下表面的細(xì)胞染色,拍照,計(jì)數(shù)。染色的細(xì)胞穿膜越多,代表侵襲能力越強(qiáng)。
1.6 劃痕試驗(yàn)
細(xì)胞接種于6孔板,垂直于孔板采用100 μL槍頭制作細(xì)胞劃痕,確保各個(gè)劃痕寬度基本一致。去除培養(yǎng)液,PBS沖洗孔板,去除細(xì)胞碎片。加入不含血清培養(yǎng)基,拍照記錄。培養(yǎng)板置入培養(yǎng)箱24 h后,再分別拍照記錄,計(jì)算劃痕距離百分比。
1.7 Western-blot
提取細(xì)胞總蛋白,制備8%聚丙烯酰胺凝膠,每孔20 μg上樣;80 V積層膠,120 V分離膠進(jìn)行電泳,100 V轉(zhuǎn)膜90 min,5% BSA封閉PVDF膜1 h,加一抗,4℃振蕩過(guò)夜。TBST洗滌后滴加二抗,37℃孵育1 h,顯影成像。特異性條帶凈灰度值由Image J軟件獲取。
1.8 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,進(jìn)一步兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料采用百分率表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 lncRNA ROR1-AS1和ROR1在人正常成骨細(xì)胞和人OS細(xì)胞株中的表達(dá)情況
2.2 抑制lncRNA ROR1-AS1表達(dá)后lncRNA ROR1-AS1和ROR1表達(dá)變化
HOS和MG63中轉(zhuǎn)染lncRNA ROR1-AS1的siRNA后,lncRNA ROR1-AS1表達(dá)量明顯降低(P < 0.05或P < 0.01);同時(shí),ROR1的表達(dá)量也隨之下降(P? < 0.05或P < 0.01)。si-lncRNA ROR1-AS1#1具有更好的沉默效能,用于后續(xù)實(shí)驗(yàn)。見(jiàn)圖2。
2.3 lncRNA ROR1-AS1、ROR1對(duì)OS細(xì)胞侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移能力的影響
2.4 lncRNA ROR1-AS1經(jīng)由ROR1介導(dǎo)OS細(xì)胞上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化
檢測(cè)lncRNA ROR1-AS1對(duì)上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化(EMT)的影響,抑制lncRNA ROR1-AS1表達(dá),間質(zhì)表型標(biāo)志物N-cadherin表達(dá)下降,而上皮表型標(biāo)志物E-cadherin表達(dá)上調(diào);過(guò)表達(dá)ROR1后,N-cadherin表達(dá)上升,而E-cadherin表達(dá)下降。見(jiàn)圖5。說(shuō)明lncRNA ROR1-AS1經(jīng)由ROR1參與OS的EMT。
3 討論
腫瘤侵襲是造成患者死亡的主要原因[13]。而EMT是腫瘤侵襲中的重要環(huán)節(jié),上皮細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物表達(dá)下降,間質(zhì)細(xì)胞標(biāo)志物表達(dá)升高,便于腫瘤細(xì)胞從原發(fā)灶脫離,出現(xiàn)侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移[14]。ROR1的功能在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、循環(huán)系統(tǒng)和呼吸系統(tǒng)的中首先發(fā)現(xiàn)[15]。ROR1在OS等腫瘤中過(guò)表達(dá),同腫瘤病理過(guò)程相關(guān)[16]。ROR1可以促進(jìn)EMT和誘導(dǎo)增殖、遷移[17]。Dai等[18]指出ROR1通過(guò)非經(jīng)典wnt信號(hào)通路參與OS的侵襲。
LncRNA ROR1-AS1位于人基因組1p31.3,是ROR1基因轉(zhuǎn)錄的反義lncRNA。Hu等[19]首次對(duì)其功能進(jìn)行報(bào)道:可與EZH2/PRC2結(jié)合參與基因轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控[19]。lncRNA可通過(guò)順式作用調(diào)節(jié)臨近的基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄[20],所以我們推測(cè)lncRNA ROR1-AS1可通過(guò)調(diào)控ROR1參與OS的侵襲。
本研究顯示,lncRNA ROR1-AS1在OS中過(guò)表達(dá),抑制lncRNA ROR1-AS1表達(dá),ROR1表達(dá)量隨之下降,OS細(xì)胞的侵襲能力下降,EMT的上皮表型標(biāo)志物表達(dá)增高,而間質(zhì)表型標(biāo)志物表達(dá)降低;在此基礎(chǔ)上過(guò)表達(dá)ROR1,OS細(xì)胞的侵襲能力恢復(fù),EMT上皮表型標(biāo)志物表達(dá)下降,間質(zhì)表型標(biāo)志物表達(dá)升高;提示lncRNA ROR1-AS1對(duì)OS細(xì)胞的侵襲作用的調(diào)控是依賴ROR1的。但其具體分子結(jié)合位點(diǎn)及轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)控機(jī)制,仍需在后續(xù)研究中進(jìn)一步探討。
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(收稿日期:2020-02-12)