屈籍 劉京鋒 李博
[摘要] 目的 探討豨薟通栓丸聯(lián)合依達(dá)拉奉治療缺血性腦卒中的臨床效果。 方法 選取2017年3月—2018年12月在北京市和平里醫(yī)院就診的98例缺血性腦卒中患者為研究對(duì)象,根據(jù)隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法將其分為對(duì)照組(49例)和研究組(49例),對(duì)照組予以依達(dá)拉奉治療,研究組予以豨薟通栓丸聯(lián)合依達(dá)拉奉治療。比較兩組臨床療效、炎癥因子指標(biāo)[白介素-6(IL-6)、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)]、量表評(píng)分[改良Barthel指數(shù)(BI)、美國國立衛(wèi)生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)]及腦血流指標(biāo)(血漿黏度、血細(xì)胞比容、纖維蛋白原),記錄兩組治療期間不良反應(yīng)情況。 結(jié)果 研究組的臨床總有效率高于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05)。兩組治療后IL-6、TNF-α、hs-CRP水平均低于治療前,且研究組低于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05)。兩組治療后血漿黏度、血細(xì)胞比容、纖維蛋白原水平均低于治療前,且研究組低于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05)。兩組治療后BI評(píng)分高于治療前,NIHSS評(píng)分低于治療前(P < 0.05),且研究組BI評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,NIHSS評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組(P < 0.05)。兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。 結(jié)論 豨薟通栓丸聯(lián)合依達(dá)拉奉治療缺血性腦卒中的效果確切,可有效改善炎癥因子、腦血流指標(biāo),且用藥安全性較好,具有一定的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 豨薟通栓丸;依達(dá)拉奉;缺血性腦卒中
[中圖分類號(hào)] R277.7? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)08(a)-0115-04
[Abstract] Objective To explore clinical effect of Xixian Tongshuan Pills combined with Edaravone in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Methods Ninety-eight patients with ischemic stroke admitted to Beijing Hepingli Hospital from March 2017 to December 2018 were selected as research objects, they were divided into control group (49 cases) and study group (49 cases) according to the random number table. Control group was treated with Edaravone, and study group was treated with Xixian Tongshuan Pills and Edaravone. Clinical efficacy, inflammatory factor indexes [interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)], scale scores [improved Barthel index (BI), National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS)] and cerebral blood flow indexes (plasma viscosity, hematocrit, fibrinogen) were compared between two groups. The adverse reactions of two groups during the treatment were recorded. Results Total clinical effective rate of study group was higher than that of control group (P < 0.05). The levels of IL-6, TNF-α and hs-CRP in two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and those in study group were lower than those in control group (P < 0.05). The plasma viscosity, hematocrit and fibrinogen of two groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment, and those in study group were lower than those in control group (P < 0.05). BI score of two groups after treatment was higher than that before treatment, and NIHSS score of two groups was lower than that before treatment (P < 0.05), and BI score of study group was higher than that of control group, and NIHSS score of study group was lower than that of control group (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion The effect of Xixian Tongshuan Pills combined with Edaravone in the treatment of ischemic stroke is definite. It can effectively improve inflammatory factors and cerebral blood flow indexes, and has good safety, which has certain clinical application value.
2.5 兩組患者不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較
治療期間,對(duì)照組出現(xiàn)頭暈惡心1例,消化不良2例,皮疹1例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為8.16%(4/49);研究組出現(xiàn)頭暈惡心2例,肝功能異常1例,皮疹2例,消化不良1例,不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為12.24%(6/49)。兩組比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2 = 0.445,P = 0.505)。
3 討論
缺血性腦卒中是臨床的多發(fā)病、常見病,現(xiàn)其發(fā)病率已居各類疾病之首,給人類健康帶來巨大的安全隱患。隨著人們生活水平的改善、生活習(xí)慣的改變以及人口結(jié)構(gòu)趨于老齡化,該病帶來的負(fù)擔(dān)日益加重[9]。現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)認(rèn)為[10],缺血性腦卒中的發(fā)病機(jī)制復(fù)雜,主要與多種危險(xiǎn)因素導(dǎo)致的腦動(dòng)脈硬化及腦血栓形成有關(guān)。降壓、調(diào)脂、溶栓是治療缺血性腦卒中的三大基本準(zhǔn)則,其中以溶栓治療效果最為顯著,但溶栓治療具有較嚴(yán)格的時(shí)間窗,患者常因諸多原因錯(cuò)過溶栓治療時(shí)間窗而選用抗凝治療[11]。依達(dá)拉奉是一種強(qiáng)效的自由基清除劑,可減少細(xì)胞毒性反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生,抑制脂質(zhì)過氧化,延緩腦水腫與腦梗死進(jìn)展,發(fā)揮腦保護(hù)作用[12]。近年來,中西醫(yī)結(jié)合治療取得了較大的進(jìn)展,祖國傳統(tǒng)醫(yī)學(xué)認(rèn)為本病病位在腦,與肝、脾、腎等臟器密切相關(guān),基本病機(jī)為血行不暢、絡(luò)塞血痕,故中醫(yī)治療主張以豁痰開竅、活血化瘀為宜。豨薟通栓丸是在古方豨薟丸基礎(chǔ)上,加入水蛭、秦艽、麝香、膽南星、天麻、半夏、川芎蜜制而成,具有祛風(fēng)止痛、活血通絡(luò)的作用[13]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,研究組治療后的臨床總有效率、NIHSS評(píng)分、BI評(píng)分改善均優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,提示豨薟通栓丸聯(lián)合依達(dá)拉奉治療缺血性腦卒中,療效確切,可進(jìn)一步提高治療效果。分析其原因,依達(dá)拉奉主要成分為3-甲基-1-苯基-2-吡唑咻-5-酮,可通過捕獲羥自由基,防止血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞、腦細(xì)胞、神經(jīng)細(xì)胞的氧化損傷,抑制遲發(fā)性神經(jīng)元死亡,發(fā)揮抗缺血作用[14]。豨薟通栓丸的主要成分之一豨薟草,具有祛風(fēng)濕、利關(guān)節(jié)、解毒的功效;膽南星息風(fēng)定驚、清熱化痰;半夏、天麻、麝香、水蛭、川芎均性平溫,具有活血通絡(luò)、祛風(fēng)止痛的作用。諸藥合用,共奏豁痰開竅、活血化瘀之效[15]。既往研究結(jié)果顯示[16-17],缺血性腦卒中發(fā)病后可形成局部腦損傷和腦水腫,使炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤,并釋放炎癥介質(zhì),進(jìn)而加重患者腦缺氧情況。hs-CRP是一種急性時(shí)相反應(yīng)蛋白,同時(shí)對(duì)其他非特異性炎癥因子的表達(dá)具有積極的作用;IL-6是缺血性腦卒中的獨(dú)立損害因子,與病情嚴(yán)重程度呈正相關(guān);TNF-α可通過內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞激活作用,促進(jìn)血栓形成,加重局部組織缺血。血漿黏度、血細(xì)胞比容、纖維蛋白原均是反映血液流動(dòng)性的常見指標(biāo)。本研究中兩組患者炎癥因子、腦血流指標(biāo)均有所改善,且豨薟通栓丸聯(lián)合依達(dá)拉奉治療者改善效果更佳?,F(xiàn)代藥理研究證實(shí)[18-19],麝香具有擴(kuò)張心腦血管、增加血流量、提高機(jī)體對(duì)缺氧的耐受能力、抗炎等作用;川芎中的川芎嗦可抑制血小板聚集,增加腦、體循環(huán)血流量,同時(shí)還具有抗炎、抗感染等作用。既往動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí)[20],豨薟草能顯著改善血瘀模型大鼠的血液流變性,能延長正常小鼠凝血時(shí)間,抑制大鼠血栓形成的作用。兩組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較無明顯差異,提示豨薟通栓丸聯(lián)合依達(dá)拉奉治療用藥安全性較好。
綜上所述,豨薟通栓丸聯(lián)合依達(dá)拉奉治療缺血性腦卒中的效果確切,可有效改善炎癥因子、腦血流指標(biāo),且用藥安全性較好,具有一定的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
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(收稿日期:2020-02-21)