姚培好
【摘要】 目的:研究全淚道置管下淚道灌洗術(shù)對淚道阻塞性疾病患者眼表癥狀及復發(fā)率的影響。方法:選取本院2017年5月-2019年5月收治的淚道阻塞性疾病患者50例62眼,根據(jù)治療方法不同將其分為對照組24例31眼和觀察組26例31眼。對照組給予傳統(tǒng)淚道置管術(shù)治療,觀察組給予全淚道置管下淚道灌洗術(shù)治療。對比兩組術(shù)后臨床療效、眼表癥狀評分、眼表疾病指數(shù)量表(OSDI)評分及各參數(shù)評分、術(shù)中出血量、住院時間及復發(fā)率、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。結(jié)果:術(shù)后,對照組臨床總有效率80.65%,明顯低于觀察組96.77%(P<0.05);術(shù)后,兩組患者眼部癥狀總分均低于術(shù)前,且觀察組明顯低于對照組(P<0.05);術(shù)后,兩組患者OSDI總評分及眼部不適發(fā)生頻率評分、對日?;顒佑绊懺u分、不良環(huán)境的眼部不適發(fā)生頻率評分均明顯低于術(shù)前,且觀察組均低于對照組(P<0.05);觀察組術(shù)中出血量少于對照組,住院時間短于對照組(P<0.05);觀察組的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率與復發(fā)率均低于對照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:全淚道置管下淚道灌洗術(shù)治療淚道阻塞性疾病,可有效提高患者的治療效果,改善眼部癥狀,降低并發(fā)癥及再次手術(shù)的風險,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 淚道置管術(shù) 淚道灌洗術(shù) 淚道阻塞性疾病
[Abstract] Objective: To study the effect of lacrimal duct lavage under whole lacrimal duct catheterization on ocular surface symptoms and recurrence rate in patients with lacrimal duct obstruction. Method: From May 2017 to May 2019, 50 patients 62 eyes with lacrimal duct obstruction were selected, according to different treatment methods, they were randomly divided into control group (24 cases, 31 eyes) and observation group (26 cases, 31 eyes). The control group was treated with traditional lacrimal duct catheterization, the observation group was treated with whole lacrimal duct catheterization and lavage. The clinical effect, ocular surface symptom score, ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, parameters score, intraoperative hemorrhage, length of stay, recurrence rate and complication rate were compared between the two groups. Result: After surgery, the total clinical response rate of the control group was 80.65%, which was significantly lower than 96.77% of the observation group (P<0.05). After surgery, the total score of ocular symptoms in both groups was lower than that before surgery, and the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). After surgery, the OSDI total score, the influence score on daily activities, eye discomfort frequency score, and eye discomfort frequency score of adverse environment in both groups were significantly lower than those before surgery, and the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The amount of intraoperative blood loss in the observation group was less than that in the control group, and the length of hospital stay was shorter than that in the control group (P<0.05). The complication rate and recurrence rate of the observation group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The treatment of lacrimal duct obstruction by total lacrimal duct lavage can effectively improve the therapeutic effect of patients with lacrimal duct obstruction, improve ocular symptoms, reduce the risk of complications and reoperation, and is worthy of clinical application.
[Keys words] Lacrimal duct catheterization Lacrimal duct lavage Lacrimal duct obstructive disease
First-authors address: The Second Peoples Hospital of Gaozhou City, Gaozhou 525200, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.20.004
淚道阻塞性疾病是指由于各種原因所致淚液排除系統(tǒng)疾病引起淚溢或流膿[1]。目前國內(nèi)外在淚道阻塞及淚道狹窄等眼科疾病的治療方法不多,目前臨床上最多見的是全淚道置管及鼻淚道置管的治療方法,術(shù)后都是由上下淚點沖洗方式,進行沖洗,但常出現(xiàn)沖洗不充分,引起患者不適和復發(fā)率高的問題[2-3]。2014年本院首創(chuàng)自行設(shè)計可灌洗型全淚道研發(fā),并成功實行全淚道置管下淚道灌洗術(shù),現(xiàn)在經(jīng)過100多例臨床技術(shù)效果驗證,使以上不足問題得到很好的解決,大大提高了療效。本研究旨在探討全淚道置管下淚道灌洗術(shù)治療淚道阻塞性疾病的效果,現(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2017年5月-2019年5月本院收治的淚道阻塞性疾病患者中50例62眼。納入標準:(1)皆出現(xiàn)淚溢或流膿現(xiàn)象者;(2)以淚囊為中心蔓延至眼瞼,出現(xiàn)紅、腫、脹等情況者;(3)患者無言語障礙,可正常交流者。排除標準:(1)患有先天性眼部疾病者;(2)眼部遭受嚴重創(chuàng)傷或眼部周圍出現(xiàn)皮膚破損者;(3)近期出現(xiàn)過眼部過敏史者;(4)患有急性結(jié)膜炎或淚囊炎者。根據(jù)治療方法不同將其分為對照組(24例31眼)和觀察組(26例31眼)?;颊呒凹覍賹Υ舜窝芯績?nèi)容均知情同意。本院醫(yī)學倫理委員會審核并通過本研究。
1.2 治療方法 給予全部患者術(shù)前抗感染治療,行副鼻竇CT檢查及淚道沖洗,于術(shù)前15 min給予腎上腺素和利多卡因棉簽填塞下鼻道,以擴大下鼻道、收縮下鼻甲、減少術(shù)中出血?;颊呷⊙雠P位,放置無菌鋪巾,常規(guī)消毒眼部周圍皮膚。
1.2.1 對照組 給予傳統(tǒng)全淚道試管置管術(shù),擴張上或下淚小點,黏膜表面麻醉,將帶有硬膜外麻醉淚道硅膠導管的探針經(jīng)淚道置入下鼻道,從淚道溝進入下鼻道,鉤出鼻腔內(nèi)的導絲,隨即拔除探針,牽出導絲,同時將硅膠導管經(jīng)下淚小點、淚小管、淚囊及鼻淚管從鼻腔導出,固定于前額,使用沖洗液沖洗,沖洗液不經(jīng)過淚道置管管腔[4]。
1.2.2 觀察組 在傳統(tǒng)全淚管試管置管術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上行淚道灌洗術(shù),將淚道試管更換為本院自制的可灌洗淚道試管,使用自制的加長加粗的淚道探通針、淚道置管探鉤,具體手術(shù)步驟與對照組相同,沖洗時沖洗液從淚道置管管腔中進入,直接灌入淚囊中,然后分別從上下淚點及下鼻甲出口中沖出。
兩組患者皆由相同的手術(shù)醫(yī)生進行操作,術(shù)后全身應(yīng)用抗生素預(yù)防感染3~5 d。沖洗液皆使用2 mg地塞米松磷酸鈉注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:北京雙鶴藥業(yè)股份有限公司,批準文號:國藥準字H11020538,規(guī)格:1 mL︰2 mg)+4萬單位硫酸慶大霉素注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:武漢愛民制藥有限公司,國藥準字H42020096,規(guī)格1 mL︰4萬單位)+4 mL 0.9%氯化鈉注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:必康制藥江蘇有限公司,批準文號:國藥準字H20123045,規(guī)格:100 mL︰0.9 g)組成的混合液。前3 d由專業(yè)醫(yī)生每日沖洗1次,出院后由專業(yè)的護士在門診每周灌洗1次,3周后改為每個月灌洗1次,3個月后拔除淚道置管,拔管后隨訪3~5個月。
1.3 觀察指標 (1)拔除淚道置管后對比兩組手術(shù)療效。淚道沖洗暢通沒有阻力,淚囊膿腫消失,無溢淚溢膿情況為痊愈;淚道沖洗通暢有少許阻力,淚囊膿腫消退,無溢膿有溢淚情況為好轉(zhuǎn);淚道沖洗受阻,沖洗液返流為無效??傆行?痊愈+好轉(zhuǎn)[5]。(2)對比兩組術(shù)前術(shù)后眼表癥狀評分。按照眼部干澀、眼癢、異物感、角膜絲狀物、燒灼感等癥狀進行評分,分為4個標準,0分為無、1分為輕度、2分為中度、3分為重度,計算總分,分數(shù)越高癥狀越嚴重[6]。(3)比較兩組治療前后眼表疾病指數(shù)量表(OSDI)評分及各參數(shù)評分。OSDI量表共12道問題,相對應(yīng)的每題分數(shù)是0~4分,無須全部作答,最終依照患者回答的題數(shù)和每題的分數(shù)計算,總分=所有得分的總和×25/回答問題的數(shù)目,總分范圍為0~100分。相關(guān)參數(shù)中眼部不適發(fā)生頻率評分為0~20分,眼部不適對日?;顒佑绊懺u分為0~16分,不良環(huán)境的眼部不適發(fā)生頻率評分為0~12分[7-8]。(4)對比兩組患者術(shù)中出血量、住院時間及拔除淚道置管后3~5個月內(nèi)患者復發(fā)情況、并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學處理 采用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計學軟件對數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料用(x±s)表示,比較采用t檢驗;計數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組一般資料比較 對照組男12例15眼,女12例16眼;年齡30~65歲,平均(27.45±2.14)歲;患病時間0.5~8.0年,平均(4.37±1.67)年;其中單純淚總管阻塞患者7例8眼,淚小管阻塞患者8例10眼,鼻淚管阻塞患者9例13眼。觀察組男12例16眼,女14例15眼;年齡32~70歲,平均(28.04±1.43)歲;患病時間1~7年,平均(4.40±1.27)年;其中單純淚總管阻塞患者7例9眼,淚小管阻塞患者9例10眼,鼻淚管阻塞患者10例12眼。兩組患者一般資料比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
2.2 兩組手術(shù)療效對比 術(shù)后,對照組臨床總有效率為80.65%,低于觀察組的96.77%,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(字2=4.026,P=0.045),見表1。
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(收稿日期:2019-12-05) (本文編輯:張爽)