李升明 黃基正 彭源榮 李慶忠 譚劍鵬 劉先娣 馮漢勝 陳廣煥 龔榮達
【摘要】 目的:探究結(jié)腸鏡聯(lián)合腹腔鏡治療結(jié)直腸癌的效果。方法:選取2017年6月-2019年3月本院收治的結(jié)直腸癌患者76例為研究對象,按隨機數(shù)字表法分為觀察組及對照組,各38例。對照組給予傳統(tǒng)開腹結(jié)直腸癌根治術(shù),觀察組給予結(jié)腸鏡聯(lián)合腹腔鏡治療術(shù)。比較兩組患者圍手術(shù)期指標(biāo)(手術(shù)時間、術(shù)后下床活動時間、住院時間);比較術(shù)前及術(shù)后3 d時兩組患者炎癥因子[C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、腫瘤壞死因子(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)]水平;比較術(shù)后3個月時兩組患者生活質(zhì)量[結(jié)直腸癌治療功能評價量表(FACT-C)]、疾病預(yù)后情況;比較術(shù)后3個月內(nèi)兩組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:觀察組手術(shù)時間、術(shù)后下床活動時間、住院時間均顯著短于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后3 d,兩組患者炎癥因子水平均較治療前上升,觀察組CRP、TNF-α、IL-6均顯著低于同一時間的對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后3個月,兩組患者FACT-C評分均較術(shù)前顯著提升,觀察組均顯著高于同一時間對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);術(shù)后3個月,兩組均無死亡病例,兩組患者局部復(fù)發(fā)率、遠處轉(zhuǎn)移率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)后3個月內(nèi),兩組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:腸鏡聯(lián)合腹腔鏡手術(shù)時間短,有利于結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后恢復(fù),同時可顯著抑制患者的炎癥因子水平,提升其肛門功能,從而改善其生活質(zhì)量。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 結(jié)腸鏡 腹腔鏡 結(jié)直腸癌
[Abstract] Objective: To explore the effect of colonoscopy combined with laparoscopy in the treatment of colorectal cancer. Method: A total of 76 patients with colorectal cancer from June 2017 to March 2019 were selected as the study objects, they were divided into observation group and control group, 38 cases in each group, according to the random number table. The control group was treated with traditional open radical operation for colorectal cancer, and the observation group was treated with colonoscopy and laparoscopy. Comparison of perioperative indicators (operation time, postoperative activity time and hospital stay time) between the two groups; inflammatory factor [C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were compared between the two groups before and 3 d after surgery; quality of life [colorectal cancer treatment function evaluation scale (FACT-C)] and prognosis of the two groups were compared 3 months after surgery; complications were compared between the two groups within 3 months after operation. Result: The operative time, postoperative activity time and hospital stay time in the observation group were significantly shorter than those in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). 3 d after the operation, inflammatory factors in both groups increased compared with that before the treatment, CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group at the same time, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). 3 months after surgery, FACT-C scores of both groups were significantly improved compared with those before surgery, and those of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group at the same time, with statistically significant differences (P<0.05). 3 months after the operation, there was no death case between the two groups, and there were no statistically significant differences in local recurrence rate and distant metastasis rate between the two groups (P>0.05). 3 months after the operation, there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The short duration of colonoscopy combined with laparoscopic surgery is conducive to postoperative recovery of colorectal cancer patients, and can significantly inhibit the level of inflammatory factors in patients, improve their anal function, so as to improve their quality of life.
2.5 兩組患者疾病預(yù)后情況比較 術(shù)后3個月,兩組均無死亡病例,兩組患者局部復(fù)發(fā)率、遠處轉(zhuǎn)移率比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表4。
2.6 兩組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較 術(shù)后3個月內(nèi),兩組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表5。
3 討論
結(jié)直腸癌是我國較為多發(fā)的惡性腫瘤之一,其致死率位于所有惡性腫瘤的第五位;由于其癌癥部位不易被發(fā)現(xiàn),許多患者不甚在意,導(dǎo)致病情延誤惡化,最終導(dǎo)致死亡[7-8]。手術(shù)切除為唯一可治愈結(jié)直腸癌的治療手段,但傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)創(chuàng)傷較大,腹腔鏡手術(shù)定位效果差,均不能取得理想效果,因此,探究結(jié)腸鏡手術(shù)改良方案成為臨床熱議研究。
隨著時代發(fā)展,結(jié)直腸癌發(fā)病率逐年增加,年輕人及老年人患病數(shù)量均呈顯著上升趨勢;由于老年化進程加快,老年人患病比例增加,結(jié)直腸癌手術(shù)需考慮老年人對手術(shù)的適應(yīng)狀況[9-10]。傳統(tǒng)結(jié)直腸癌根治術(shù)對腫瘤清除效果顯著,能夠有效清除病灶,復(fù)發(fā)率低,是被廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床的經(jīng)典術(shù)式。但由于需要開腹手術(shù),而部分老年患者在術(shù)前合并嚴重心、肺、腎等疾病,免疫力下降,耐受性較差;若實行傳統(tǒng)結(jié)直腸癌根治術(shù),手術(shù)創(chuàng)口及術(shù)中麻醉可進一步降低其免疫力,對患者機體造成二次傷害;對年輕患者而言,傳統(tǒng)開腹根治術(shù)可造成較大創(chuàng)口,留下瘢痕,不利于術(shù)后恢復(fù),感染可能性較高[11-13]。因此,微創(chuàng)手術(shù)近年來快速興起,逐漸替代傳統(tǒng)開腹手術(shù)。
腹腔鏡手術(shù)是近年來興起的微創(chuàng)手術(shù),被廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床,取得較好療效。與傳統(tǒng)開腹根治術(shù)相比,其創(chuàng)口小,疼痛度低,對周圍器官干擾較小,術(shù)后恢復(fù)較快;且由于其創(chuàng)口較小,對術(shù)后美觀度也有一定提升[14-16]。但腹腔鏡也具有一定缺陷,使用腹腔鏡操作則失去親手操作的精細觸覺,定位較難;其觀察范圍較小,對于結(jié)直腸癌這類疾病觀測不全面,可能會遺漏病灶[17-18]。因此,將腹腔鏡與結(jié)腸鏡結(jié)合進行手術(shù)十分必要,既可避免較大創(chuàng)傷,又可提升定位精確度。
本研究使用結(jié)腸鏡結(jié)合腹腔鏡手術(shù)治療結(jié)直腸癌患者,觀察組手術(shù)時間、術(shù)后下床活動時間、住院時間均顯著短于對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),這說明結(jié)腸鏡結(jié)合腹腔鏡手術(shù)更有利于患者術(shù)后恢復(fù);術(shù)后3 d,兩組患者炎癥因子水平均較治療前上升,觀察組CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平均顯著低于同一時間對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),表明兩組患者術(shù)后均有輕微炎癥反應(yīng),觀察組炎癥反應(yīng)輕于對照組,提示該術(shù)對患者術(shù)后機體炎癥反應(yīng)有一定抑制作用;有研究顯示,腹腔鏡手術(shù)可避免腹腔臟器與外界空氣直接接觸,且術(shù)中出血量少,切口長度較短,極大程度上保護腹部臟器壁膜的完整性,從而降低感染可能性,炎癥因子隨之降低[19-20]。術(shù)后3個月,兩組患者FACT-C評分均較術(shù)前顯著提升,觀察組均顯著高于同一時間對照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05),這表明該術(shù)可顯著改善患者生活質(zhì)量,究其原因與該術(shù)創(chuàng)傷小、術(shù)后恢復(fù)快有關(guān)。兩種手術(shù)對于疾病預(yù)后基本無顯著差異,究其原因為兩種手術(shù)均將腫瘤病灶切除干凈,對疾病復(fù)發(fā)有一定阻礙作用。術(shù)后3個月內(nèi),兩組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),表明兩種手術(shù)方式對并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率均無較大影響。
綜上所述,結(jié)腸鏡聯(lián)合腹腔鏡手術(shù)時間短,有利于結(jié)直腸癌患者術(shù)后恢復(fù),還可顯著抑制患者的炎癥因子水平,從而改善其生活質(zhì)量,值得在臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
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(收稿日期:2020-01-18) (本文編輯:張爽)