姚偉超 薛莉 劉玉梅 石萬達(dá) 謝安木
[摘要] 目的 探討干擾長鏈非編碼RNA(LncRNA)NEAT1表達(dá)對1-甲基-4苯基-吡啶離子(MPP+)誘導(dǎo)的人神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤細(xì)胞SH-SY5Y中腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子(BDNF)及其受體原肌球蛋白相關(guān)激酶B型受體(TrkB)表達(dá)的影響。
方法 通過MPP+誘導(dǎo)SH-SY5Y建立帕金森?。≒D)細(xì)胞模型,慢病毒干擾LncRNA NEAT1調(diào)節(jié)BDNF及其受體TrkB的表達(dá)。實驗共分為6組,包括Control組、MPP+組、LncRNA NEAT1-NC組、LncRNA NEAT1-NC+MPP+組、shRNA-LncRNA NEAT1組和shRNA-LncRNA NEAT1+MPP+組。采用實時熒光定量PCR(RT-PCR)方法分別檢測各組BDNF和TrkB mRNA相對表達(dá)水平。
結(jié)果 與Control組相比較,MPP+組LncRNA相對表達(dá)水平明顯升高(t=12.25,P<0.001),MPP+組和LncRNA NEAT1-NC+MPP+組BDNF和TrkB mRNA的相對表達(dá)水平明顯降低(F=84.36、86.27,q=15.49~16.63,P<0.001);與MPP+組和LncRNA NEAT1-NC+MPP+組比較,shRNA-LncRNA NEAT1+MPP+組BDNF和TrkB mRNA的相對表達(dá)水平明顯增加(F=35.15、12.75,q=5.58~10.49,P<0.01)。
結(jié)論 干擾LncRNA NEAT1表達(dá)可以抑制MPP+誘導(dǎo)的SH-SY5Y PD細(xì)胞模型中BDNF及其受體TrkB的降低,有效遏制MPP+對的SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞的毒性作用,起到一定的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 帕金森病;RNA,長鏈非編碼;1-甲基-4-苯基吡啶;腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子;受體,trkB
[中圖分類號] R742.5;R741.02
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A
[文章編號] 2096-5532(2021)06-0807-04
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2021.57.147
[開放科學(xué)(資源服務(wù))標(biāo)識碼(OSID)]
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20210707.0949.001.html;2021-07-07 11:53:07
EFFECT OF LONG NON-CODING RNA NEAT1 ON THE EXPRESSION OF BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR AND TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR B IN SH-SY5Y CELLS INDUCED BY 1-METHYL-4-PHENYLPYRIDINIUM
YAO Weichao, XUE Li, LIU Yumei, SHI Wanda, XIE Anmu
\(Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China)
[ABSTRACT]Objective To investigate the effect of interference with the expression of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) NEAT1 on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells induced by 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+).
Methods SH-SY5Y cells were induced by MPP+ to establish a cell model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), and LncRNA NEAT1 was interfered with lentivirus to regulate the expression of BDNF and its receptor TrkB. The cells were divided into control group, MPP+ group, LncRNA NEAT1-NC group, LncRNA NEAT1-NC+MPP+ group, shRNA-LncRNA NEAT1 group, and shRNA-LncRNA NEAT1+MPP+ group. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure the relative mRNA expression levels of BDNF and its receptor TrkB.
Results
Compared with the control group, the MPP+ group had a significant increase in the relative expression of LncRNA (t=12.25,P<0.001), and the MPP+ group and the LncRNA NEAT1-NC+MPP+ group had significant reductions in the relative mRNA expression levels of BDNF and TrkB (F=84.36,86.27;q=15.49-16.63;P<0.001). Compared with the MPP+ group and the LncRNA NEAT1-NC+MPP+ group, the shRNA-LncRNA NEAT1+MPP+ group had significant increases in the relative expression levels of BDNF and its receptor TrkB (F=35.15,12.75;q=5.58-10.49;P<0.01).
Conclusion Interference with the expression of LncRNA NEAT1 can inhibit the reductions in BDNF and its receptor TrkB in an MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y PD cell model and effectively suppress the toxic effect of MPP+ on SH-SY5Y, thus exerting a certain neuroprotective effect. SH-SY5Y, and play a certain neuroprotective effect.
[KEY WORDS]Parkinson disease; RNA, long noncoding; 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; brain-derived neurotrophic factor; receptor, trkB
帕金森病(PD)是一種以運動遲緩和靜止性震顫等為主要特征的神經(jīng)退行性疾病[1]。中腦黑質(zhì)致密部多巴胺能神經(jīng)元變性、壞死、缺失以及路易小體形成是其主要的病理改變[2]。PD具體的發(fā)病機制不清,可能與多種因素相關(guān)。在年齡老化及α-突觸核蛋白沉積等PD相關(guān)的發(fā)病機制研究中證明,腦源性神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子(BDNF)及其受體原肌球蛋白相關(guān)激酶B型受體(TrkB)的表達(dá)降低[3-4]。另有研究表明,BDNF-TrkB信號通路在PD的神經(jīng)保護(hù)中發(fā)揮重要的作用,可能對PD具有治療潛力[5-6]。長鏈非編碼RNA(LncRNA)是一類長度大于200 nt的非編碼RNA,可以通過多種不同機制調(diào)控基因的表達(dá)[7]。已有研究顯示,LncRNA NEAT1與PD的炎癥、自噬和凋亡等發(fā)病機制均有密切的聯(lián)系[8]。然而,迄今為止有關(guān)LncRNA NEAT1在PD神經(jīng)保護(hù)方面的研究很少。故本實驗采用1-甲基-4苯基-吡啶離子(MPP+)來誘導(dǎo)人神經(jīng)母細(xì)胞瘤細(xì)胞SH-SY5Y構(gòu)建PD細(xì)胞模型,進(jìn)一步干擾LncRNA NEAT1的表達(dá)水平,通過對BDNF和TrkB表達(dá)水平的檢測,來探討LncRNA NEAT1在SH-SY5Y PD細(xì)胞模型中神經(jīng)保護(hù)方面的潛在作用。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實驗材料
胎牛血清由Gibco公司提供;MPP+、二甲基亞砜(DMSO)購自美國Sigma-Aldrich公司;DEME培養(yǎng)基購自美國Hyclone公司;SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞由中國科學(xué)院上海細(xì)胞庫提供;慢病毒購自上海漢恒生物科技有限公司;青霉素/鏈霉素溶液購自索萊寶公司;RNAiso Plus、PCR逆轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒和PCR擴增試劑盒均購自TaKaRa公司。
1.2 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)
用適量DMEM培養(yǎng)液(含有體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.10胎牛血清、100 mg/L鏈霉素和100 kU/L青霉素)將SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞傳代后轉(zhuǎn)移至25 cm2的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)瓶中,放置在37 ℃、含體積分?jǐn)?shù)0.05 CO 2的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)。
1.3 分組及干預(yù)
將接種于6孔板中的SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞分為Control組(A組)、MPP+組(B組)、LncRNA NEAT1-NC(C組)、LncRNA NEAT1-NC+MPP+組(D組)、shRNA-LncRNA NEAT1(E組)和shRNA-LncRNA NEAT1+MPP+組(F組)。待6孔板中的細(xì)胞匯合率介于30%~50%時,按照慢病毒說明書配制病毒轉(zhuǎn)染液進(jìn)行細(xì)胞病毒轉(zhuǎn)染。吸去6孔板中舊的培養(yǎng)液,A、B組分別加入2 mL新鮮基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)液,C、D組分別加入空載病毒感染復(fù)數(shù)(MOI)為40的基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)液2 mL,E、F組則分別加入目的病毒MOI為40的基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)液2 mL。培養(yǎng)24 h后,吸除舊培養(yǎng)液,更換新鮮的完全培養(yǎng)液,繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)。待感染率達(dá)到80%左右時,進(jìn)行下一步處理。吸除舊培養(yǎng)液,A、C、E組均加入2 mL新鮮基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)液,B、D、F組均加入含有1 mol/L MPP+的新鮮基礎(chǔ)培養(yǎng)液2 mL,37 ℃下繼續(xù)培養(yǎng),24 h后收樣。
1.4 實時熒光定量PCR(PT-PCR)檢測BDNF和TrkB mRNA表達(dá)
采用TRIzol法提取細(xì)胞的總RNA,每孔加入1 mL的TRIzol進(jìn)行總RNA純化提取。取1 μg純化的總RNA,使用反轉(zhuǎn)錄試劑盒進(jìn)行反轉(zhuǎn)錄。取gDNA Clean Reagent 1 μL、5×gDNA Clean Buffer 2 μL,加RNA和RNase free water使總體積達(dá)到10 μL,42 ℃變性2 min。后續(xù)加入Evo M-MLVRTase Enzyme Mix 1 μL、RT Master Mix 1 μL、5×RTase Reaction Buffer Mix 4 μL、RNase free water 4 μL,37 ℃反應(yīng)15 min,85 ℃反應(yīng)15 s,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄完成得到cDNA。采用兩步法PCR反應(yīng)程序檢測BDNF和TrkB mRNA的相對表達(dá)。RT-PCR擴增引物及其序列見表1。采用2-△△CT法計算目的基因相對表達(dá)量。實驗重復(fù)5次,取平均值。
1.5 統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析
使用Graphpad Prism 5.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。所得實驗數(shù)據(jù)以±s表示,多組比較采用單因素方差分析,繼以Turkey法進(jìn)行組間兩兩比較。P<0.05表示差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 MPP+處理對SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞LncRNA表達(dá)的影響
Control組和MPP+組LncRNA NEAT1的相對表達(dá)量分別為1.04±0.10和2.10±0.16,兩組比較差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=12.25,P<0.001)。表明MPP+處理可以上調(diào)SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞中LncRNA NEAT1的表達(dá),提示PD中LncRNA NEAT1的表達(dá)增加。
2.2 干擾LncRNA NEAT1對MPP+誘導(dǎo)的SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞BDNF和TrkB mRNA表達(dá)影響
與Control組細(xì)胞相比,MPP+組和LncRNA NEAT1-NC+MPP+組BDNF和TrkB mRNA的相對表達(dá)水平明顯降低(F=84.36、86.27,q=15.49~16.63,P<0.001);與MPP+組和LncRNA NEAT1-NC+MPP+組細(xì)胞比較,shRNA-LncRNA NEAT1+MPP+組BDNF和TrkB mRNA的相對表達(dá)水平明顯增加(F=35.15、12.75,q=5.58~10.49,P<0.01)。表明MPP+處理可以下調(diào)SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞中BDNF和TrkB mRNA的表達(dá);干擾LncRNA NEAT1的表達(dá),可以在一定程度上遏制MPP+對SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞的毒性作用,起到一定的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用。見表2。
3 討論
PD是一類發(fā)展緩慢、進(jìn)行性的神經(jīng)退行性疾病。目前全世界大約有600多萬人患有PD[9]。PD的治療涉及藥物學(xué)方法和非藥物學(xué)方法。隨著科學(xué)研究的不斷進(jìn)步發(fā)展,神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子在神經(jīng)保護(hù)和神經(jīng)再生方面的作用日益突出。
BDNF最初是由BARDE等[10]在豬腦中提取純化的,并且被證明可以促進(jìn)感覺神經(jīng)元的生長。BDNF在成人中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(包括皮質(zhì)區(qū)域、海馬區(qū)、視皮質(zhì)以及黑質(zhì)等多個部位)分布廣泛,尤其是在多巴胺能神經(jīng)元中含量豐富。BDNF主要在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)合成,是體內(nèi)含量最多的神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子,它通過與TrkB結(jié)合發(fā)揮作用[11]。在星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞中,BDNF可以通過激活Nrf2保護(hù)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元免受鐵蛋白損傷[3]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,MPP+誘導(dǎo)的SH-SY5Y PD細(xì)胞模型中BDNF的表達(dá)水平降低。有研究表明,在PD動物模型中,BDNF可以提高多巴胺能神經(jīng)元的存活率,改善多巴胺能神經(jīng)傳遞和運動性能[6]。TrkB是大腦中分布最廣泛的神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)受體之一,高度富含于新皮質(zhì)、海馬、紋狀體和腦干[12]。在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中,TrkB常與BDNF結(jié)合,在突觸傳遞和突觸重塑等多個方面發(fā)揮作用[13-14]。BDNF-TrkB還可以通過激活PI3K/AKT/CREB和Ras/MAPK/Erk信號軸調(diào)節(jié)神經(jīng)元的分化和生長[15]。大量證據(jù)表明,BDNF和TrkB在黑質(zhì)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元中高度表達(dá)和激活[16]。在一項加強體育鍛煉預(yù)防PD抑郁癥狀的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),BDNF和TrkB的表達(dá)水平上升,體育鍛煉主要通過誘導(dǎo)轉(zhuǎn)錄因子和與神經(jīng)元增殖、存活及炎癥反應(yīng)相關(guān)的基因表達(dá)來抑制神經(jīng)變性,進(jìn)而影響B(tài)DNF及TrkB表達(dá),發(fā)揮神經(jīng)保護(hù)和神經(jīng)再生的作用[17]。另外有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在6-羥基多巴胺(6-OHDA)誘導(dǎo)的PD大鼠模型中,紋狀體內(nèi)植入基因改造的成纖維細(xì)胞,其產(chǎn)生的BDNF可以保護(hù)多巴胺能神經(jīng)元[18]。上述研究說明BDNF/TrkB信號傳導(dǎo)在PD的神經(jīng)保護(hù)方面有重要作用,有治療和預(yù)防PD的潛力。
近年來多項研究結(jié)果表明,LncRNA在中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中大量表達(dá),并且在中樞神經(jīng)的發(fā)生發(fā)展中起重要作用[19]。KRAUS等[20]通過對PD病人的lncRNA表達(dá)譜研究發(fā)現(xiàn),lncRNA-p21、MALAT1、SNHG1、NEAT1和H19的表達(dá)存在顯著差異。一項干擾LncRNA NEAT1促進(jìn)貝沙羅汀治療創(chuàng)傷性腦損傷小鼠的研究表明,低表達(dá)LncRNA NEAT1能在一定程度上抵抗神經(jīng)損傷作用[21]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,MPP+誘導(dǎo)SH-SY5Y的PD細(xì)胞模型中LncRNA NEAT1的表達(dá)水平升高。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),LncRNA LINC00641協(xié)同miR-497-5p可通過上調(diào)BDNF來改善麻醉誘導(dǎo)的神經(jīng)損傷[22]。另外,一項探討維生素B1和B12對腦癱神經(jīng)元損傷的保護(hù)作用的研究表明,LncRNA MALAT1可以在一定程度上調(diào)節(jié)BDNF的表達(dá)水平,從而抑制腦癱大鼠神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞凋亡和減輕神經(jīng)損傷[23]。據(jù)此推測,干擾LncRNA NEAT1的表達(dá),可能會增強BDNF及其受體TrkB的表達(dá),抑制多巴胺能神經(jīng)元的損傷,發(fā)揮一定的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用。本實驗采用1-甲基-4-苯基-1,2,3,6-四氫吡啶(MPTP)的毒性代謝產(chǎn)物MPP+誘導(dǎo)SH-SY5Y建立PD細(xì)胞模型[24]。結(jié)果顯示,MPP+作用于SH-SY5Y細(xì)胞時,LncRNANEAT1表達(dá)水平明顯升高。進(jìn)一步干擾LncRNA NEAT1表達(dá)的RT-PCR檢測結(jié)果顯示,BDNF和TrkB mRNA的相對表達(dá)水平升高,提示干擾SH-SY5Y的PD細(xì)胞模型LncRNA NEAT1的表達(dá)可以抑制BDNF和TrkB的降低,在一定程度上抑制神經(jīng)細(xì)胞受損,起到了神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用。
綜上所述,本研究初步證明了干擾LncRNA NEAT1的表達(dá)能夠抑制MPP+誘導(dǎo)的SH-SY5Y PD細(xì)胞模型的神經(jīng)損傷,增加神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)因子BDNF及其受體TrkB的表達(dá)水平,發(fā)揮一定的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用。本研究關(guān)于LncRNA在PD神經(jīng)保護(hù)方面的新探索,為PD的預(yù)防和治療提供了新的思路。
[參考文獻(xiàn)]
[1]HAYES M T. Parkinson’s disease and Parkinsonism[J]. The American Journal of Medicine, 2019,132(7):802-807.
[2]KALIA L V, LANG A E. Parkinson’s disease[J]. The Lancet, 2015,386(9996):896-912.
[3]ISHII T, WARABI E, MANN G E. Circadian control of BDNF-mediated Nrf2 activation in astrocytes protects dopa-
minergic neurons from ferroptosis[J]. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 2019,133:169-178.
[4]KANG S S, ZHANG Z T, LIU X, et al. TrkB neurotrophic activities are blocked by α-synuclein, triggering dopaminergic cell death in Parkinson’s disease[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2017,114(40):10773-10778.
[5]DING Y X, XIA Y, JIAO X Y, et al. The TrkB-positive dopaminergic neurons are less sensitive to MPTP insult in the substantia nigra of adult C57/BL mice[J]. Neurochemical Research, 2011,36(10):1759-1766.
[6]PALASZ E, WYSOCKA A, GASIOROWSKA A, et al. BDNF as a promising therapeutic agent in Parkinson’s disease[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2020,21(3):E1170.
[7]RIVA P, RATTI A, VENTURIN M. The long non-coding RNAs in neurodegenerative diseases: novel mechanisms of pathogenesis[J]. Current Alzheimer Research, 2016,13(11):1219-1231.
[8]YAN W, CHEN Z Y, CHEN J Q, et al. LncRNA NEAT1 promotes autophagy in MPTP-induced Parkinson’s disease through stabilizing PINK1 protein[J]. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, 2018,496(4):1019-1024.
[9]ARMSTRONG M J, OKUN M S. Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: a review[J]. JAMA, 2020,323(6):548-560.
[10]BARDE Y A, EDGAR D, THOENEN H. Purification of a new neurotrophic factor from mammalian brain[J]. The EMBO Journal, 1982,1(5):549-553.
[11]NAGAHARA A H, TUSZYNSKI M H. Potential therapeutic uses of BDNF in neurological and psychiatric disorders[J]. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2011,10(3):209-219.
[12]HAGG T. Neurotrophins prevent death and differentially affect tyrosine hydroxylase of adult rat nigrostriatal neurons in vivo[J]. Experimental Neurology, 1998,149(1):183-192.
[13]BRAMHAM C R, MESSAOUDI E. BDNF function in adult synaptic plasticity: the synaptic consolidation hypothesis[J]. Progress in Neurobiology, 2005,76(2):99-125.
[14]OHIRA K, HAYASHI M. A new aspect of the TrkB signaling pathway in neural plasticity[J]. Current Neuropharmaco-
logy, 2009,7(4):276-285.
[15]HONG Z Y, YU S S, WANG Z J, et al. SCM-198 ameliorates cognitive deficits, promotes neuronal survival and enhances CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling without affecting Aβ burden in AβPP/PS1 mice[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2015,16(8):18544-18563.
[16]HUANG E J, REICHARDT L F. Trk receptors: roles in neuronal signal transduction[J]. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 2003,72:609-642.
[17]TUON T, VALVASSORI S S, DAL PONT G C, et al. Phy-
sical training prevents depressive symptoms and a decrease in brain-derived neurotrophic factor in Parkinson’s disease[J]. Brain Research Bulletin, 2014,108:106-112.
[18]LEVIVIER M, PRZEDBORSKI S, BENCSICS C, et al. Intrastriatal implantation of fibroblasts genetically engineered to produce brain-derived neurotrophic factor prevents degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in a rat model of Parkinson’s di-
sease[J]. The Journal of Neuroscience: the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 1995,15(12):7810-7820.
[19]NG S Y, LIN L, SOH B S, et al. Long noncoding RNAs in development and disease of the central nervous system[J]. Trends in Genetics: TIG, 2013,29(8):461-468.
[20]KRAUS T F J, HAIDER M, SPANNER J, et al. Altered long noncoding RNA expression precedes the course of Parkinson’s disease-a preliminary report[J]. Molecular Neurobiology, 2017,54(4):2869-2877.
[21]ZHONG J J, JIANG L, HUANG Z J, et al. The long non-coding RNA Neat1 is an important mediator of the therapeutic effect of bexarotene on traumatic brain injury in mice[J]. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 2017,65:183-194.
[22]CHEN Q X, YAN J J, XIE W J, et al. LncRNA LINC00641 sponges miR-497-5p to ameliorate neural injury induced by anesthesia via up-regulating BDNF[J]. Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience, 2020,13:95.
[23]LI E Y, ZHAO P J, JIAN J, et al. Vitamin B1 and B12 mitigates neuron apoptosis in cerebral palsy by augmenting BDNF expression through MALAT1/miR-1 axis[J]. Cell Cycle (Georgetown, Tex), 2019,18(21):2849-2859.
[24]賈翼,鄧晗,馬澤剛. JWH133對MPP+誘導(dǎo)的原代星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞COX-2和iNOS表達(dá)的影響[J]. 青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(醫(yī)學(xué)版), 2020,56(2):156-160.
(本文編輯 馬偉平)