王利玉
【摘要】 目的:分析不同配比依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液在宮腔鏡手術(shù)中的麻醉效果。方法:選取2019年1月-2020年1月本院收治的186例行宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者為研究對象。依據(jù)麻醉時所用依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液配比的不同分為低配比組、中配比組和高配比組,各62例。首先靜脈輸注50 μg枸櫞酸芬太尼注射液,3 min未發(fā)現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng),輸注依托咪酯注射液與丙泊酚注射液混合液。低配比組所用依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液配比為10 mg∶100 mg,中配比組所用依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液配比為20 mg∶100 mg,高配比組所用依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液配比為40 mg∶100 mg。比較三組患者的麻醉效果、血流動力學(xué)變化情況、不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果:高配比組依托咪酯用量明顯高于低配比組和中配比組,且中配比組明顯高于低配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);高配比組丙泊酚用量明顯低于低配比組和中配比組,且中配比組明顯低于低配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。高配比組和中配比組的術(shù)中誘導(dǎo)時間均明顯短于低配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);高配比組和中配比組的術(shù)中誘導(dǎo)時間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。低配比組和中配比組的術(shù)后復(fù)蘇時間、定向力恢復(fù)時間均明顯短于高配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);低配比組和中配比組的術(shù)后復(fù)蘇時間、定向力恢復(fù)時間比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。術(shù)中15 min和術(shù)后10 min,低配比組和中配比組HR、SpO、MAP比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);高配比組HR、SpO、MAP均明顯低于低配比組和中配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。高配比組的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為19.35%,明顯高于低配比組的3.23%和中配比組的4.84%,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05); 低配比組和中配比組的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:在宮腔鏡手術(shù)中應(yīng)用依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液配比為20 mg∶100 mg進(jìn)行麻醉效果顯著,患者血流動力學(xué)穩(wěn)定,且安全性較高,值得廣泛推廣。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 依托咪酯 丙泊酚 宮腔鏡手術(shù) 麻醉效果 血流動力學(xué)
Analysis of Anesthetic Effect of Different Ratio of Etomidate and Propofol Mixture in Hysteroscopic Surgery/WANG Liyu. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(23): 00-009
[Abstract] Objective: To analyze the anesthetic effect of different ratio of Etomidate and Propofol mixture in hysteroscopic surgery. Method: A total of 186 patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery in our hospital from January 2019 to January 2020 were selected as the research objects. According to the different ratio of Etomidate and Propofol mixture used in anesthesia, the patients were divided into low-ratio group, medium-ratio group and high-ratio group, 62 cases in each group. First, intravenous infusion 50 μg Fentanyl Citrate Injection, no adverse reaction was found within 3 min, and the mixture of Etomidate Injection and Propofol Injection was infused. The mixture ratio of Etomidate and Propofol in low-ratio group was 10 mg∶100 mg, the mixture ratio of Etomidate and Propofol was 20 mg∶100 mg in the medium-ratio group, the mixture ratio of Etomidate and Propofol in high-ratio group was
40 mg∶100 mg. The anesthetic effect, hemodynamic changes and the occurrence of adverse reactions were compared among the three groups. Result: The dosage of Etomidate in the high-ratio group was significantly higher than those in the low-ratio group and the medium-ratio group, and the medium-ratio group was significantly higher than that in the low-ratio group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The dosage of Propofol in the high-ratio group was significantly lower than those in the low-ratio group and the medium-ratio group, and the medium-ratio group was significantly lower than that in the low-ratio group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The intraoperative induction time of the high-ratio group and medium-ratio group were significantly shorter than that of the low-ratio group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Comparison of intraoperative induction time between the high-ratio group and the medium-ratio group, there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The postoperative recovery time and directional force recovery time of the low-ratio group and the medium-ratio group were significantly shorter than that of the high-ratio group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Comparison of postoperative recovery time and directional force recovery time between low-ratio group and medium-ratio group, there were no significant differences (P>0.05). 15 min intraoperatively and 10 min postoperatively, comparison of HR, SpO2 and MAP between low-ratio group and medium-ratio group, there were no statistical significance (P>0.05). HR, SpO2 and MAP in the high-ratio group were significantly lower than those in the low-ratio group and medium-ratio group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions in the high-ratio group was 19.35%, which was significantly higher than 3.23% in the low-ratio group and 4.84% in the medium-ratio group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Comparison of the incidence of adverse reactions between the low-ratio group and the medium-ratio group, there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Conclusion: In hysteroscopic surgery, the mixture ratio of Etomidate and Propofol is 20 mg∶100 mg for anesthesia, which has significant effect, stable hemodynamics and high safety, and is worthy of widespread promotion.
[Key words] Etomidate Propofol Hysteroscopic surgery Anesthetic effect Hemodynamics
First-author’s address: The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University Yuedong Hospital, Meizhou 514000, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.23.002
隨著微創(chuàng)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展,宮腔鏡手術(shù)因能夠清晰地觀察到宮腔內(nèi)的各種改變,被廣泛應(yīng)用于治療和診斷婦科疾病[1-2]。然而宮腔鏡手術(shù)在進(jìn)行操作時,難免會對宮腔內(nèi)部組織造成創(chuàng)傷性的損害,常用麻醉進(jìn)行干預(yù)。目前臨床上常用依托咪酯、丙泊酚作為宮腔鏡手術(shù)的麻醉藥物,有研究報道,依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液的麻醉效果明顯優(yōu)于單用依托咪酯、丙泊酚[3-4]。然而,針對依托咪酯與丙泊酚不同比例混合后麻醉效果的研究較少。且有研究報道,不同配比依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液所起到的麻醉效果,安全性不同[5]。鑒于此,本文為了分析不同配比依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液在宮腔鏡手術(shù)中的麻醉效果,選取2019年1月-2020年1月本院收治的186例行宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者進(jìn)行研究?,F(xiàn)報道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2019年1月-2020年1月本院收治的186例行宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者為研究對象。(1)納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①符合行宮腔鏡手術(shù)指征;②符合應(yīng)用依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液麻醉;③美國麻醉醫(yī)師協(xié)會(ASA)分級為Ⅰ~Ⅲ級。(2)排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①對本次研究所用藥物有嚴(yán)重過敏史;②伴有心腦血管疾病、肝腎功能不全;③精神、意識障礙。依據(jù)麻醉時所用依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液配比的不同分為低配比組、中配比組和高配比組,各62例。患者知情本次研究,并簽署知情同意書,本研究獲得本院倫理委員會的認(rèn)證。
1.2 方法 三組患者均取仰臥位,建立靜脈通道,利用德國PULSION公司生產(chǎn)的PICCO監(jiān)測儀實時監(jiān)控血壓、血氧飽和度(SpO2)、心率(HR)等,并給予低流量氧氣。首先靜脈輸注50 μg枸櫞酸芬太尼注射液[生產(chǎn)廠家:江蘇恩華藥業(yè)股份有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H20113508,規(guī)格:
2 mL︰0.1 mg(以芬太尼計)],3 min未發(fā)現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng),輸注依托咪酯注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:江蘇恒瑞醫(yī)藥股份有限公司,批準(zhǔn)文號:國藥準(zhǔn)字H32022379,規(guī)格:10 mL︰20 mg)與丙泊酚注射液(生產(chǎn)廠家:AstraZeneca UK Limited,批準(zhǔn)文號:注冊證號H20080440,規(guī)格:50 mL︰0.5 g)混合液。低配比組所用依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液配比為10 mg︰100 mg,中配比組所用依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液配比為20 mg︰100 mg,高配比組所用依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液配比為40 mg︰100 mg。待麻醉起效后進(jìn)行宮腔鏡手術(shù)。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo) (1)比較三組麻醉相關(guān)情況,包括依托咪酯、丙泊酚用量,術(shù)中誘導(dǎo)時間、術(shù)后復(fù)蘇時間、定向力恢復(fù)時間。(2)比較三組血流動力學(xué)指標(biāo),利用深圳邁瑞醫(yī)療生產(chǎn)的Mindray IPM5型心電監(jiān)護(hù)儀監(jiān)測三組患者術(shù)前、術(shù)中15 min、術(shù)后10 min的HR、SpO、平均動脈壓(MAP)。(3)比較三組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況,統(tǒng)計三組患者手術(shù)過程中出現(xiàn)的不良反應(yīng),包括惡心嘔吐、低血壓、缺氧、肌顫、誘導(dǎo)注射痛。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 22.0軟件對所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計分析,計量資料用(x±s)表示,兩組數(shù)據(jù)比較采用t檢驗,多組數(shù)據(jù)比較采用方差分析;計數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用χ檢驗。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組一般資料比較 三組患者的平均年齡、平均體重、ASA分級比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性,見表1。
2.2 三組麻醉相關(guān)情況比較 高配比組依托咪酯用量明顯高于低配比組和中配比組,且中配比組明顯高于低配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);高配比組丙泊酚用量明顯低于低配比組和中配比組,且中配比組明顯低于低配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。高配比組和中配比組的術(shù)中誘導(dǎo)時間均明顯短于低配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);高配比組和中配比組的術(shù)中誘導(dǎo)時間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。低配比組和中配比組的術(shù)后復(fù)蘇時間、定向力恢復(fù)時間均明顯短于高配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);低配比組和中配比組的術(shù)后復(fù)蘇時間、定向力恢復(fù)時間比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。見表2。
2.3 三組血流動力學(xué)指標(biāo)比較 三組術(shù)前HR、SpO、MAP比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);術(shù)中15 min和術(shù)后10 min,低配比組和中配比組HR、SpO、MAP比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);高配比組HR、SpO、MAP均明顯低于低配比組和中配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表3。
2.4 三組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生情況比較 高配比組的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為19.35%,明顯高于低配比組的3.23%和中配比組的4.84%,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ=8.052、6.143,P=0.005、0.013);低配比組和中配比組的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(χ=0.208,P=0.648)。見表4。
3 討論
宮腔鏡手術(shù)為侵入式手術(shù),在操作時患者會產(chǎn)生疼痛和恐懼等,嚴(yán)重者會出現(xiàn)迷走神經(jīng)功能亢奮,嚴(yán)重影響治療效果[6-8]。臨床上常用麻醉藥物進(jìn)行干預(yù),目標(biāo)為縮短麻醉誘導(dǎo)時間和術(shù)后蘇醒時間,延長術(shù)中鎮(zhèn)痛時間,降低不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率[9-11]。依托咪酯為快速催眠性靜脈全身麻醉藥,具有起效快、作用時間長、蘇醒快的特點;丙泊酚為烷基酚類的短效靜脈麻醉藥,具有起效快、作用時間短的特點,兩者均廣泛應(yīng)用于宮腔鏡手術(shù)[12-13]。但近年來臨床研究報道,依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液的麻醉效果優(yōu)于依托咪酯、丙泊酚單一應(yīng)用效果,且不同的混合液配比效果不同[14-15]。
鑒于此,本文為進(jìn)一步分析不同配比依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液在宮腔鏡手術(shù)中的麻醉效果,選取186例行宮腔鏡手術(shù)患者進(jìn)行研究。本研究結(jié)果顯示,高配比組依托咪酯用量明顯高于低配比組和中配比組,且中配比組明顯高于低配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);高配比組丙泊酚用量明顯低于低配比組和中配比組,且中配比組明顯低于低配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。高配比組和中配比組的術(shù)中誘導(dǎo)時間均明顯短于低配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);高配比組和中配比組的術(shù)中誘導(dǎo)時間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。低配比組和中配比組的術(shù)后復(fù)蘇時間、定向力恢復(fù)時間均明顯短于高配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05);低配比組和中配比組的術(shù)后復(fù)蘇時間、定向力恢復(fù)時間比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。分析其原因,依托咪酯能夠作用于神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),進(jìn)而激活神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)受體,提高其興奮性,抑制突觸的傳遞和神經(jīng)沖動的傳導(dǎo),起到鎮(zhèn)靜、鎮(zhèn)痛和催眠的作用。低劑量依托咪酯作用較弱,效果較差,而高劑量依托咪酯會直接作用于神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)受體,起到鎮(zhèn)靜、鎮(zhèn)痛和催眠的作用[16-18]。
另外,術(shù)中15 min和術(shù)后10 min,低配比組和中配比組HR、SpO、MAP比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05);高配比組HR、SpO、MAP均明顯低于低配比組和中配比組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。說明低配比組和中配比組患者的血流動力學(xué)較穩(wěn)定。本研究結(jié)果顯示,高配比組的不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率為19.35%,明顯高于低配比組的3.23%和中配比組的4.84%,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。分析其原因,高劑量的依托咪酯可引起短期呼吸暫停,降低腦內(nèi)壓、腦血流和眼內(nèi)壓[19-20]。
綜上所述,在宮腔鏡手術(shù)中應(yīng)用依托咪酯與丙泊酚混合液配比為20 mg︰100 mg進(jìn)行麻醉效果顯著,患者血流動力學(xué)穩(wěn)定,且安全性較高,值得廣泛推廣。
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(收稿日期:2020-10-09) (本文編輯:姬思雨)
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2021年23期