申延豐 齊茗馨 梁軍 張桂香
【關(guān)鍵詞】 癲癇患兒 興奮性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì) 抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì) 嚴(yán)重程度
[Abstract] Objective: To investigate the expression change of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters of children with epilepsy and correlation with severity. Method: A total of 90 children with epilepsy from January 2018 to December 2019 were chosen as the observation group, 90 healthy children at the same time were chosen as the control group. Then the serum excitatory neurotransmitters (5-HT, Glu and Ach) and inhibitory neurotransmitters (GABA, Gly and Ala) of two groups were compared, and the detection results of the observation group with different STESS scores and duration of attack were compared, then the correlation between those detection indexes and TESS scores, duration of attack were analyzed with Spearman rank correlation analysis. Result: The serum excitatory neurotransmitters of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group, the serum inhibitory neurotransmitters were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the serum excitatory neurotransmitters of the observation group with higher TESS scores and longer duration of attack were significantly higher than those of patients with lower TESS scores and shorter duration of attack, the serum inhibitory neurotransmitters were significantly lower than those of patients with lower TESS scores and shorter duration of attack, there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Spearman rank correlation analysis showed the serum excitatory neurotransmitters were positively correlated with TESS scores and duration of attack (P<0.05), the serum inhibitory neurotransmitters were negatively correlated with TESS scores and duration of attack (P<0.05). Conclusion: The expression of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters of children with epilepsy are significantly abnormal, and they are close correlated with severity, so their detection value are higher.
[Key words] Children with epilepsy Excitatory neurotransmitters Inhibitory neurotransmitters Severity
First-author’s address: Dalian Children’s Hospital, Dalian 116012, China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.21.042
癲癇在臨床具有較高的發(fā)生率,而癲癇患兒相關(guān)的研究是重點(diǎn)。與癲癇相關(guān)的眾多研究中,關(guān)于神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)等神經(jīng)狀態(tài)密切相關(guān)的指標(biāo)的研究是熱點(diǎn)[1-2],而興奮性及抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)作為其中較為重要的兩類,其在癲癇患者中的表達(dá)變化研究可見,但是研究結(jié)果差異較為顯著,甚至出現(xiàn)相悖的情況[3-4],同時(shí)針對(duì)癲癇患兒的研究不足,且與其嚴(yán)重程度的關(guān)系探究更為匱乏。因此,本研究就癲癇患兒興奮性及抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的表達(dá)變化及與嚴(yán)重程度的關(guān)系進(jìn)行探究,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料 選取2018年1月-2019年12月本院收治的90例癲癇患兒為觀察組,同時(shí)期的90例健康兒童為對(duì)照組。本研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理學(xué)委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡在14歲以下;對(duì)照組為體檢健康兒童,觀察組為確診癲癇患兒。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并其他神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病;合并慢性基礎(chǔ)疾病;合并代謝性疾病;合并創(chuàng)傷及感染;臨床資料不完整。該研究已經(jīng)倫理學(xué)委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),患兒家屬均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
1.2 方法 采集兩組外周靜脈血4 mL,采用醫(yī)用離心機(jī)進(jìn)行離心,離心半徑為15 cm,離心速度為3 000 r/min與離心5 min,取離心后的血清進(jìn)行檢測(cè),檢測(cè)指標(biāo)包括兩大方面,分別為興奮性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)(5-HT、Glu及Ach)及抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)(GABA、Gly及Ala),采用全自動(dòng)氨基酸分析儀及酶聯(lián)免疫法試劑盒進(jìn)行定量檢測(cè),上述指標(biāo)的檢測(cè)均由兩名經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富者進(jìn)行操作檢測(cè),嚴(yán)格按照相關(guān)操作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)及說明進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。然后統(tǒng)計(jì)及比較兩組血清興奮性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)及抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)水平,同時(shí)比較觀察組中不同STESS評(píng)分及發(fā)作持續(xù)時(shí)間患兒的檢測(cè)結(jié)果,并采用Spearman秩相關(guān)分析上述檢測(cè)指標(biāo)與STESS評(píng)分及發(fā)作持續(xù)時(shí)間的關(guān)系。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 23.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),重復(fù)測(cè)量的計(jì)量資料進(jìn)行方差分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用字2檢驗(yàn)。指標(biāo)間的關(guān)系采用Spearman秩相關(guān)分析。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組一般資料比較 對(duì)照組中,男51例,女39例;年齡2.8~13.5歲,平均(9.6±2.0)歲。觀察組中,男52例,女38例;年齡2.6~13.7歲,平均(9.5±2.3)歲;STESS評(píng)分:0~2分50例,3~4分25例,5~6分15例;發(fā)作持續(xù)時(shí)間:<30 min者35例,30~60 min者35例,>60 min者20例。兩組性別與年齡比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
2.2 兩組血清興奮性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)比較 觀察組血清興奮性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)均顯著高于對(duì)照組,且觀察組中STESS評(píng)分較高及發(fā)作持續(xù)時(shí)間較長患兒血清興奮性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)均顯著高于STESS評(píng)分較低及發(fā)作持續(xù)時(shí)間較短患兒,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表1、2。
3 討論
癲癇患兒的臨床防控與診治研究是本病的研究重點(diǎn)與熱點(diǎn)。本類患兒的病因復(fù)雜,且反復(fù)發(fā)作,對(duì)患兒的機(jī)體損傷突出,甚至可導(dǎo)致神經(jīng)損傷的發(fā)生,同時(shí)癲癇患兒的心理情緒及社會(huì)功能易于受到疾病狀態(tài)的影響[5-6],因此癲癇患兒的生存狀態(tài)相對(duì)較差,患兒和/或家長對(duì)疾病的診治與防控需求較高。臨床中較多關(guān)于癲癇發(fā)生發(fā)展的相關(guān)研究顯示,神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)是在癲癇患兒中波動(dòng)較大的一類指標(biāo)[7-9],而興奮性及抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)作為其中的兩大類指標(biāo),其在癲癇患兒機(jī)體中的表達(dá)波動(dòng)研究雖可見[10-12],但是研究差異極為顯著。有研究認(rèn)為,癲癇患者的興奮性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)呈現(xiàn)顯著升高的狀態(tài),而抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)則顯著降低,但也有研究結(jié)果與之相悖[13-15],鑒于此類差異的存在,對(duì)癲癇患兒進(jìn)行神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的表達(dá)變化研究需求也更高。另外,臨床中關(guān)于癲癇嚴(yán)重程度與神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的關(guān)系表達(dá)研究極為匱乏,因此本方面的研究需求進(jìn)一步提升。
本研究就癲癇患兒興奮性及抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的表達(dá)變化及與嚴(yán)重程度的關(guān)系進(jìn)行探究,結(jié)果顯示,癲癇患兒的血清興奮性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)顯著高于健康兒童,血清抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)顯著低于健康兒童且不同STESS評(píng)分及發(fā)作持續(xù)時(shí)間者的差異顯著,經(jīng)Spearman秩相關(guān)分析顯示,血清興奮性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)與STESS評(píng)分及發(fā)作持續(xù)時(shí)間呈正相關(guān),血清抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)與STESS評(píng)分及發(fā)作持續(xù)時(shí)間呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05)。分析原因,興奮性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)尤其是氨基酸類神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的興奮毒性對(duì)于神經(jīng)細(xì)胞造成一定程度的損傷[16-17],而抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的低表達(dá)則導(dǎo)致癇性活動(dòng)抑制作用得到控制,神經(jīng)元保護(hù)作用降低,而越為嚴(yán)重的患者其上述狀態(tài)越為異常,因此與疾病的嚴(yán)重程度有一定的關(guān)系[18-20]。
綜上所述,癲癇患兒興奮性及抑制性神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)的表達(dá)顯著異常,且與嚴(yán)重程度有密切的關(guān)系,因此檢測(cè)價(jià)值較高。
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(收稿日期:2020-10-30) (本文編輯:程旭然)
中國醫(yī)學(xué)創(chuàng)新2021年21期