楊曉燕
摘要:片上網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)突破傳統(tǒng)的通信模式,將計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)融入片上系統(tǒng),各個(gè)模塊的數(shù)據(jù)以交換網(wǎng)絡(luò)的形式進(jìn)行傳遞,利用計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù),有效提高了數(shù)據(jù)的傳輸性能。在片上網(wǎng)絡(luò)的設(shè)計(jì)中,片上網(wǎng)絡(luò)映射技術(shù)是非常關(guān)鍵的一步。從NoC設(shè)計(jì)角度來說,映射與路徑分配是相當(dāng)重要的兩個(gè)部分,是NoC系統(tǒng)功能和通訊延時(shí)最為關(guān)鍵的影響因素。為了以更少的能耗完成更多的任務(wù),完成將更多更復(fù)雜的應(yīng)用任務(wù)映射在片上網(wǎng)絡(luò)有限的處理單元上,對(duì)片上網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)的映射問題和路徑分配問題進(jìn)行模型分析與算法對(duì)比,指出路徑優(yōu)化對(duì)提高片上網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)數(shù)據(jù)流通效率的積極作用,結(jié)合實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)找出有效的映射算法和更高效的路徑選擇。
關(guān)鍵詞:片上網(wǎng)絡(luò);映射;路徑分配;最優(yōu)路徑
中圖分類號(hào)? TP393? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
文章編號(hào):1009-3044(2021)20-0045-03
Research on Mapping and Path Assignment of Network on Chip
YANG Xiao-yan
(College of Information Engineering, Huainan Union University, Huainan 232001,China)
Abstract: Network on chip breaks through the traditional communication mode and integrates computer network technology into the system on chip. The data of each module is transmitted in the form of exchange network. The data transmission performance is effectively improved by using computer network technology. In the design of network on chip, network on chip mapping technology is a very important step. From the point of view of NOC design, mapping and path assignment are two important parts, which are the most important factors affecting the function and communication delay of NOC system. In order to complete more tasks with less energy consumption and map more and more complex application tasks on the limited processing unit of network on chip, the model analysis and algorithm comparison of mapping problem and path allocation problem of network on chip system are carried out. The positive role of path optimization in improving the data flow efficiency of network on chip system is pointed out. The effective mapping is found by combining experimental data Algorithm and more efficient path selection.
Key words: network on chip;mapping; path assignment; optimal path
隨著晶體管技術(shù)的發(fā)展,半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)工藝運(yùn)用到計(jì)算機(jī)硬件系統(tǒng)上,集成電路工藝得到了很大改進(jìn),用戶對(duì)電子產(chǎn)品的需求也在進(jìn)一步提高。目前,晶體管在單位芯片上的集成數(shù)量越來越多,計(jì)算機(jī)芯片的集成度越來越高,相關(guān)應(yīng)用的處理也更加復(fù)雜。計(jì)算機(jī)處理器的片上系統(tǒng)(Multiprocessors System on Chip, MPSoC)的出現(xiàn)目的是為了將數(shù)目巨大的晶體管在一個(gè)體積微小的芯片上進(jìn)行高效的管理。片上網(wǎng)絡(luò) (Network-on-Chip, NoC)應(yīng)半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)發(fā)展而生,越來越被人們所接受和關(guān)注,已然成為計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)的主要發(fā)展方向之一。半導(dǎo)體技術(shù)的發(fā)展帶動(dòng)了微處理器性能的提高,使得單個(gè)芯片上集成的單元數(shù)越來越多,帶動(dòng)了多核的出現(xiàn)和發(fā)展。片上網(wǎng)絡(luò)各個(gè)部件的通信設(shè)計(jì),關(guān)系到芯片內(nèi)部性能的發(fā)揮。傳統(tǒng)的多核一般采用總線多路設(shè)計(jì)來解決通信問題,但是有一些缺陷,比如通信總線上容易出現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)擁塞,擴(kuò)展性不好,還有時(shí)鐘同步問題需要解決。NoC總體來說是設(shè)計(jì)出一種包含有多個(gè)模塊的片上網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)。各個(gè)模塊之間是互聯(lián)的,模塊之間互相協(xié)作完成相應(yīng)任務(wù)。片上網(wǎng)絡(luò)打開了基于蟲孔交換的基本交換機(jī)制,采用全局異步,局部同步的通信方式,動(dòng)態(tài)模型與靜態(tài)模型的通信機(jī)制,提供了解決計(jì)算機(jī)芯片數(shù)據(jù)交換中出現(xiàn)的各種問題,如:互聯(lián)延遲、存儲(chǔ)帶寬、功耗極限等。NoC設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了大規(guī)模的電路在單芯片上的集成,與此同時(shí),仍有速度、功耗、面積等多方面因素影響著NoC的性能實(shí)現(xiàn)。所以,對(duì)于NoC設(shè)計(jì)而言,映射和路徑分配是需要考慮的兩個(gè)重要問題。芯片上集成的晶體管數(shù)目龐大,對(duì)于這種級(jí)數(shù)級(jí)的大規(guī)模精確求解要在有限的時(shí)間內(nèi)和有限的空間中完成幾乎是不可能的,因此,當(dāng)前國內(nèi)外的映射與路徑優(yōu)化問題常常采用數(shù)學(xué)模型算法來實(shí)現(xiàn)。