金龍飛 李睿 曹紅星 顏彥
摘 ?要:油棕(Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)原產(chǎn)非洲,是重要的熱帶木本油料作物,產(chǎn)油效率極高。目前油棕廣泛種植在東南亞、非洲、中南美洲和我國(guó)的海南、云南、廣東、廣西等?。▍^(qū)),油棕果實(shí)壓榨的棕櫚油是重要的食用油和工業(yè)原料。脂肪酸在植物質(zhì)體中合成,然后轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)到內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)上進(jìn)行加工和修飾。為了研究油棕脂肪酸的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)機(jī)制,以‘熱油4號(hào)’油棕為研究對(duì)象,采用生物信息學(xué)和熒光定量PCR挖掘控制油棕脂肪酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的關(guān)鍵基因。脂肪酸外運(yùn)蛋白1(fatty acid export 1, FAX1)是植物脂肪酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白,介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂肪酸從質(zhì)體向外運(yùn)輸,在脂質(zhì)合成中起著重要的調(diào)控作用。本研究從油棕中克隆了3個(gè)EgFAX1基因(EgFAX1-1,EgFAX1-2,EgFAX1-3),對(duì)其氨基酸長(zhǎng)度、分子量、等電點(diǎn)、蛋白不穩(wěn)定指數(shù)、脂肪族系數(shù)、總平均親水性、染色體定位、基因結(jié)構(gòu)、保守功能域、進(jìn)化關(guān)系和表達(dá)特征進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果表明:3個(gè)EgFAX1基因編碼的肽鏈氨基酸長(zhǎng)度分別為189、231和232,分子量分別為20.43、24.85、24.92 kDa,等電點(diǎn)為分別9.82、9.82和9.93,蛋白不穩(wěn)定指數(shù)分別為48.01、49.71和50.09,脂肪族系數(shù)分別為81.06、84.07和83.28,總平均親水性分別為為0.071、0.121和0.106,分別含有2、5、7個(gè)外顯子,都含有FAX1的特征結(jié)構(gòu)Tmemb_14蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)域。將油棕與擬南芥、水稻、大豆、油菜、番茄、綠藻、紅藻、盤藻、團(tuán)藻、長(zhǎng)囊水云、細(xì)小微胞藻和小球藻的FAX1氨基酸序列做進(jìn)化分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)EgFAX1與大豆和番茄的親緣關(guān)系較近。采用熒光定量PCR分析3個(gè)EgFAX1基因EgFAX1在油棕根、莖、葉、花和果中的表達(dá)特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)EgFAX1在花和果實(shí)中的表達(dá)量較高;同時(shí)分析3個(gè)EgFAX1基因油棕花后15周、17周、21周和23周果實(shí)中的表達(dá)特征,發(fā)現(xiàn)3個(gè)EgFAX1基因均在油棕果實(shí)發(fā)育過(guò)程中先升高,到達(dá)峰值后逐漸降低,其中EgFAX1-1在花后17周的果實(shí)達(dá)到峰值,EgFAX1-2和EgFAX1-3在花后21周的果實(shí)中達(dá)到峰值。本研究為進(jìn)一步探索EgFAX1調(diào)控油棕脂肪酸運(yùn)輸?shù)臋C(jī)制奠定基礎(chǔ)。
關(guān)鍵詞:脂肪酸;FAX1;油棕;生物信息學(xué);基因表達(dá)
中圖分類號(hào):Q949.748.5 ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A
Identification and Expression Analysis of Fatty Acid Export Gene FAX1 in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis)
JIN Longfei1, LI Rui1*, CAO Hongxing1, YAN Yan2
1. Coconut Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science / Hainan Key Laboratory of Tropical Oil Crops Biology, Wenchang, Hainan 571339, China; 2. Institute of tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Resources of Tropical Crops, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Haikou, Hainan 571101, China
Abstract: Oil palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.), originated in Africa, is an important tropical woody oil crop with high oil production efficiency. It is widely planted in Southeast Asia, Africa, Central and South America and Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong, Guangxi of China. Palm oil squeezed from oil palm fruits is an important edible oil and industrial raw material. Fatty acids are synthesized in plant plastids and then transported into the endoplasmic reticulum for processing and modification. In order to study the transport mechanism of fatty acids in oil palm, the key genes controlling transportion of fatty acids were extracted by bioinformatics and fluorescence quantitative PCR using ‘Reyou 4’ oil palm. Fatty acid export 1 (FAX1) is a plant fatty acid transporter, which mediates the fatty acids export in plastids, and plays an important role in the regulation of lipid biosynthesis. In this study, three EgFAX1 genes (EgFAX1-1, EgFAX1-2, EgFAX1-3) were cloned from oil palm, and the amino acid length, protein instability index, aliphatic coefficient, the total mean hydrophilicity, chromosomal localization, gene structure, conserved functional domain, evolutionary relationship and expression characteristics were analyzed. The amino acid length of the peptide of EgFAX1 was 189, 231 and 232. The molecular weight was 20.43, 24.85 and 24.92 kDa. The isoelectric point was 9.82, 9.82 and 9.93. The protein instability index was 48.01, 49.71 and 50.09. The aliphatic coefficient was 81.06, 84.07 and 83.28. The total mean hydrophilicity was 0.071, 0.121 and 0.106, respectively. Sequence and amino acid domain characterization analysis showed that EgFAX1 contained 2, 5 and 7 exons, and contained Tmemb_14 protein domain. Phylogenetic analysis of FAX1 in oil palm, Arabidopsis, rice, soybean, rapeseed, tomato, green algae, red algae, Gonium pectorale, Volvox carteri, Ectocarpus siliculosus, Micromonas pusilla and Chlorella variabilis showed that oil palm was closely related to soybean and tomato. The gene expression characteristics analysis in root, shoot, leaf, flower and fruit showed that EgFAX1 was highly expressed in flowers and fruits. The gene expression characteristics analysis in different fruit development stage including 15 weeks, 17 weeks, 21 weeks and 23 weeks after anthesis (WAA) showed that the expression level of three EgFAX1 increased during fruit development and then decreased gradually after reaching the peak value. The expression level of EgFAX1-1 peaked at 17 WAA and the expression level of EgFAX1-2 and EgFAX1-3 peaked at 21 WAA. The results would provide useful information for further investigation mechanism of EgFAX1 regulating fatty acid transportation in oil palm.
Keywords: fatty acid; FAX1; oil palm; bioinformatics; gene expression
DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.01.004
脂肪酸是植物重要的貯能物質(zhì),也是生物膜的重要組分以及一些信號(hào)分子的前體,在植物生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育過(guò)程中發(fā)揮著重要的功能;同時(shí)脂肪酸是植物表面蠟質(zhì)和角質(zhì)合成的前體,參與調(diào)控植物表皮滲透、水分散失和抵御病蟲害等生理過(guò)程[1]。植物細(xì)胞中的脂肪酸首先在質(zhì)體中合成,運(yùn)輸?shù)絻?nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)中進(jìn)行加工和修飾,再運(yùn)輸?shù)劫|(zhì)體中合成脂質(zhì)[2]。脂肪酸的運(yùn)輸在植物脂質(zhì)合成過(guò)程中起著重要的作用[3-4],參與脂肪酸運(yùn)輸?shù)牡鞍字饕兄舅嵬膺\(yùn)蛋白(fatty acid export 1,F(xiàn)AX1)[5]、長(zhǎng)鏈脂肪酸輔酶A合成酶(long chain long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase LACS)[6]、腺苷三磷酸結(jié)合盒轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白(ATP-binding cassette transporter,ABC transporters)[7]、半乳糖基二甘油酯(trigalactosy-ldiacylglycerol,TGD)蛋白[8]等。
在質(zhì)體中合成的脂肪酸約60%將被運(yùn)出質(zhì)體用于磷脂和三酰甘油的合成[1, 9]。FAXl能夠調(diào)控脂肪酸在葉綠體和內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)間的運(yùn)輸。擬南芥的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),AtFAX1編碼一種Tmemb-14家族轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白,定位在葉綠體的內(nèi)膜上,該基因突變后內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)的脂質(zhì)含量降低,葉綠體中脂質(zhì)含量增加;超量表達(dá)該基因后內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)和葉綠體脂質(zhì)含量的變化則呈現(xiàn)相反的趨勢(shì)[5, 10]。在綠藻中也鑒定了AtFAX1的同源基因CrFAX1和CrFAX2,超量表達(dá)這2個(gè)基因顯著提高細(xì)胞中的脂質(zhì)積累量[11];在紅藻中也研究發(fā)現(xiàn)超量表達(dá)CmFAX1顯著提高細(xì)胞內(nèi)三酰甘油的含量[12]。這些結(jié)果均表明,促進(jìn)脂肪酸的跨膜運(yùn)輸可能是提高植物細(xì)胞產(chǎn)油效率的一種有效策略。油棕是產(chǎn)油效率最高的熱帶木本油量作物,每公頃產(chǎn)油量高達(dá)4.17 t,其果實(shí)壓榨的棕櫚油廣泛應(yīng)用于食品加工、化工和生物能源上[13-14]。果肉是油棕脂肪酸主要的貯藏器官,但其脂肪酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的機(jī)制還不明晰,陳紅[15]在油棕果肉中克隆了EgLACS1和EgLACS9,發(fā)現(xiàn)這2個(gè)基因均具有吸收外源脂肪酸的功能,而關(guān)于油棕脂肪酸外運(yùn)的研究尚未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。本研究從油棕中克隆了3個(gè)AtFAX1的同源基因EgFAX1-1、EgFAX1-2和EgFAX1-3,對(duì)其理化性質(zhì)、基因結(jié)構(gòu)、染色體定位、序列特征和進(jìn)化關(guān)系進(jìn)行分析,同時(shí)采用熒光定量PCR對(duì)其在油棕果實(shí)發(fā)育中的表達(dá)特征進(jìn)行分析,為后續(xù)研究EgFAX1的生物學(xué)功能和油棕遺傳改良奠定基礎(chǔ)。
1 ?材料與方法
1.1 ?材料
實(shí)驗(yàn)材料采自中國(guó)熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院椰子研究所基地(19°33′ N,110°47′ E)。采集8年生的‘熱油4號(hào)’油棕(Elaeis guineensis)的根、莖尖、葉、花(開(kāi)花期的雄花和雌花)和花后15周、17周、21周和23周的果肉。樣品采集后液氮速凍,儲(chǔ)存在–80 ℃冰箱中以備RNA提取。
主要試劑:植物總RNA提取試劑盒(北京天根)、HiScript II 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis試劑盒(北京全式金)、Taq PCR預(yù)混液(上海生工)、PMD18-T載體(大連寶生物)、DH5α感受態(tài)細(xì)胞(北京全式金)、SYBR? Select Master Mix(賽默飛世爾科技)。主要儀器設(shè)備:移液器(Eppendorf,德國(guó))、NanoDrop分光光度計(jì)(Thermo,美國(guó))、高速冷凍離心機(jī)(Thermo,美國(guó))、Labcycler PCR儀(SensoQuest,德國(guó))、水平電泳槽(DYCP-32B,北京六一儀器廠)、電泳儀(DYY-6C,北京六一儀器廠),QuantStudio 6 Flex熒光定量PCR儀(ABI,美國(guó))。
1.2 ?方法
1.2.1 ?基因挖掘及生物信息學(xué)分析 ?從擬南芥基因組數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)(https://www.arabidopsis.org/)中下載擬南芥AtFAX1(At3g57280)的氨基酸序列。在油棕基因組數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中采用BLASTP進(jìn)行比對(duì)分析獲得與AtFAX1高度同源的候選基因,利用Batch Web CD-search Tool進(jìn)行保守結(jié)構(gòu)域分析[16]。候選基因的全長(zhǎng)及熒光定量PCR的引物設(shè)計(jì)均采用NCBI的Primer-Blast在線工具(https://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/tools/primer-blast/)進(jìn)行,以油棕果肉cDNA為模板,利用全長(zhǎng)克隆引物進(jìn)行PCR擴(kuò)增,反應(yīng)體系參照Taq PCR預(yù)混液的操作說(shuō)明進(jìn)行。PCR產(chǎn)物純化后,連接PMD18-T載體,熱激法轉(zhuǎn)化DH5α感受態(tài)細(xì)胞,進(jìn)行測(cè)序。油棕FAX1基因的蛋白質(zhì)分子量、等電點(diǎn)、蛋白不穩(wěn)定指數(shù)、脂肪族指數(shù)和總平均親水性等理化性質(zhì)采用在線工具ExPASy(http://www.expasy.org)分析。染色體定位和基因結(jié)構(gòu)均采用Tbtool[17]進(jìn)行分析。采用ClustalW軟件[18]對(duì)油棕、擬南芥、綠藻和紅藻的AtFAX1蛋白質(zhì)序列進(jìn)行多重比對(duì),采用MEGA 6.0軟件的Neighbor-joining法構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)發(fā)生樹(shù)[19],分析進(jìn)化關(guān)系,校驗(yàn)值bootstrap設(shè)置為1000。
1.2.2 ?RNA提取及基因表達(dá)分析 ?油棕不同組織樣品總RNA采用植物總RNA提取試劑盒進(jìn)行提取,cDNA采用HiScript II 1st Strand cDNA Synthesis試劑盒進(jìn)行合成,實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR采用SYBR? Select Master Mix進(jìn)行分析,以β-actin作為內(nèi)參基因,反應(yīng)體系及操作步驟參照試劑盒的操作說(shuō)明進(jìn)行,引物見(jiàn)表1,采用2-ΔΔCT法計(jì)算目標(biāo)基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量。
1.3 ?數(shù)據(jù)處理
采用SPSS 13.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,用Ducan’s檢測(cè)法進(jìn)行基因表達(dá)的差異顯著性分析。
2 ?結(jié)果與分析
2.1 ?EgFAX1的克隆及基本信息分析
以AtFAX1的氨基酸序列在油棕基因組進(jìn)行BLASTP比對(duì)獲得3條高度同源的序列,對(duì)獲得的候選氨基酸序列進(jìn)行保守域分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)都含Tmemb_14保守結(jié)構(gòu)(Pfam|PF03647)。以油棕果實(shí)cDNA為模板,進(jìn)行油棕FAX1全長(zhǎng)克隆,獲得3條單一條帶(圖1),長(zhǎng)度在750 bp左右,分別命名為EgFAX1-1、EgFAX1-2和EgFAX1-3。測(cè)序結(jié)果表明EgFAX1-1全長(zhǎng)為656 bp,其中開(kāi)放閱讀框長(zhǎng)度為570 bp,編碼189個(gè)氨基酸;EgFAX1-2全長(zhǎng)為823 bp,其中開(kāi)放閱讀框長(zhǎng)度為696 bp,編碼231個(gè)氨基酸;EgFAX1-3全長(zhǎng)為715 bp,其中開(kāi)放閱讀框長(zhǎng)度為699 bp,編碼232個(gè)氨基酸(表2)。染色體定位發(fā)現(xiàn)EgFAX1-1和EgFAX1-2未能定位在染色體上,EgFAX1-3定位在Chr13上?;蚪Y(jié)構(gòu)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)EgFAX1-1有2個(gè)外顯子,EgFAX1-2有5個(gè)外顯子,EgFAX1-3有7個(gè)外顯子。蛋白不穩(wěn)定指數(shù)分別為48.01、49.71和50.09,均為不穩(wěn)定蛋白;脂肪族系數(shù)分別為81.06、84.07和83.28;總平均親水性為0.071、0.121和0.106,均為正值,呈疏水性。
2.2 ?EgFAX1的序列比對(duì)及進(jìn)化分析
將擬南芥、綠藻、紅藻和油棕的FAX1氨基酸序列進(jìn)行比對(duì)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),4個(gè)物種完全相同的
氨基酸序列占26.7%,都含有4個(gè)疏水α-螺旋組成的Tmemb_14蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)域(圖2),這是FAX1的典型結(jié)構(gòu)域。將油棕FAX1序列與擬南芥、水稻、大豆、油菜、番茄、綠藻、紅藻、盤藻、團(tuán)藻、長(zhǎng)囊水云、細(xì)小微胞藻和小球藻的FAX序列進(jìn)行比對(duì),并采用MEGA 6.0軟件進(jìn)行進(jìn)化關(guān)系分析。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),物種內(nèi)3個(gè)EgFAX1聚在一起,在物種間與大豆的GmFAX1和GmFAX2、番茄的SlFAX1和SlFAX2聚在一個(gè)枝上,同時(shí)與功能明確的AtFAX1、CmAFX1和CrFAX1聚在一起(圖3)。
2.3 ?EgFAX1的表達(dá)特征分析
采用實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR對(duì)3個(gè)EgFAX1基因在油棕根、莖、葉、花、花后15、17、21、23周的果中的表達(dá)特征進(jìn)行分析。EgFAX1-1在果實(shí)和花中的表達(dá)量顯著高于根、莖和葉;在果實(shí)發(fā)育過(guò)程中EgFAX1-1的表達(dá)量隨著果實(shí)的成熟逐漸升高,在花后17周達(dá)到最大值,然后逐漸降低。EgFAX1-2在花中的表達(dá)量最高,在果實(shí)發(fā)育過(guò)程中EgFAX1-2的表達(dá)量隨著果實(shí)的成熟逐漸升高,在花后21周達(dá)到最大值,然后逐漸降低。EgFAX1- 2在果實(shí)和花中的表達(dá)量顯著高于根、莖和葉;在果實(shí)發(fā)育過(guò)程中EgFAX1-3的表達(dá)量隨著果實(shí)的成熟逐漸升高,在花后21周達(dá)到最大值,然后逐漸降低(圖4)。
3 ?討論
植物脂肪酸的合成主要在質(zhì)體中進(jìn)行,以糖酵解產(chǎn)生的丙酮酸為底物進(jìn)行從頭合成,然后運(yùn)輸?shù)絻?nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)進(jìn)行折疊和加工[1]。及時(shí)將合成的脂肪酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)出質(zhì)體是保證脂肪酸高效合成的前提,參與植物脂肪酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的蛋白主要有FAX1、ABC轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白、TGD、LACS[3]。定位在葉綠體內(nèi)膜上的FAX1和定位在葉綠體外膜上LACS能夠調(diào)控脂質(zhì)在葉綠體和內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)間的運(yùn)輸,將合成的脂肪酸外運(yùn)出葉綠體[5-6];定位在內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)膜上的ABC轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白介導(dǎo)脂肪酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)進(jìn)入內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)[6],定位在質(zhì)體膜上的TGD則介導(dǎo)脂肪酸從細(xì)胞質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)進(jìn)入葉綠體[7]。在擬南芥基因組中FAX家族有7個(gè)成員,其中AtFAX1的功能已經(jīng)明確,其他成員的功能還不明晰。AtFAX2和AtFAX3在fax1突變體中顯著上調(diào)表達(dá),可能與AtFAX1具有相似的功能[5]。FAX1在脂肪酸合成的前期調(diào)控質(zhì)體中的脂肪酸向外運(yùn)輸,對(duì)植物脂質(zhì)積累起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。在擬南芥的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)AtFAX1突變后,內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)合成的脂質(zhì)含量顯著降低,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致植物體內(nèi)脂肪酸代謝紊亂、生物量減少、育性降低[5]。本研究從油棕中克隆了3個(gè)編碼FAX1的基因,分別命名為EgFAX1-1、EgFAX1-2和EgFAX1-3(圖1)。序列分析發(fā)現(xiàn)3個(gè)EgFAX1基因都含有典型的4個(gè)疏水α-螺旋組成的Tmemb_14蛋白結(jié)構(gòu)域(圖2),總平均親水性均為正值(表2),呈疏水性,表明克隆的基因均為編碼FAX1外運(yùn)蛋白的基因。進(jìn)化分析發(fā)現(xiàn)3個(gè)EgFAX1與擬南芥、綠藻和紅藻的FAX1聚在一起(圖3),表明其可能具有相似的功能。AtFAX1和CmFAX1在酵母實(shí)驗(yàn)中證明具有脂肪酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的功能[5, 12],進(jìn)而推測(cè)EgFAX1可能也具有脂肪酸轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)的功能。
基因表達(dá)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)3個(gè)EgFAX1在根、莖、葉、花、果中都有表達(dá),但在花和果實(shí)中的表達(dá)量顯著高于根、莖和葉(圖4),表明EgFAX1在油棕的花和果實(shí)發(fā)育中起重要調(diào)控作用。在擬南芥的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)AtFAX1參與花粉的細(xì)胞壁形態(tài)建成,該基因突變后植物缺少用于合成花粉外壁和花粉外被的脂質(zhì),花粉細(xì)胞壁不完整,育性降低[5, 20-21]。3個(gè)EgFAX1在花中高表達(dá),表明FAX1可能通過(guò)控制脂肪酸的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)調(diào)控油棕的花發(fā)育。油棕果肉是重要的貯油器官,成熟油棕果肉脂質(zhì)含量高達(dá)50%;油棕果肉脂質(zhì)含量與成熟度密切相關(guān),果肉脂質(zhì)含量從花后17周開(kāi)始迅速積累,在花后23周達(dá)到峰值[22]。在本研究中EgFAX1-1在花后17周的果肉中表達(dá)量最高,EgFAX1-2和EgFAX1-3在花后21周的果肉中表達(dá)量最高(圖4),F(xiàn)AX1的表達(dá)量的峰值略早于脂質(zhì)積累量的峰值,這可能是因?yàn)檗D(zhuǎn)運(yùn)出質(zhì)體的脂肪酸還要在內(nèi)質(zhì)網(wǎng)中進(jìn)行折疊和加工,最后以油體的形式貯藏在細(xì)胞質(zhì)中[23]。FAX1的表達(dá)量與植物的產(chǎn)油量密切相關(guān),在擬南芥、綠藻和紅藻中的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)超量表達(dá)FAX1能夠顯著提高產(chǎn)油量[10-12]。在本研究中克隆了3個(gè)編碼油棕FAX1外運(yùn)蛋白的基因,而且都在果實(shí)發(fā)育中高表達(dá),該基因在果實(shí)中的高表達(dá)可能是油棕產(chǎn)油效率高的主要原因。綜上,本研究從油棕中克隆了3個(gè)編碼脂肪酸外運(yùn)蛋白基因,表達(dá)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)EgFAX1在花和成熟過(guò)程的果實(shí)中高表達(dá),表明其在油棕花發(fā)和果實(shí)發(fā)育過(guò)程中的脂肪酸積累中起重要調(diào)控作用。EgFAX1的脂肪酸外運(yùn)功能和調(diào)控脂肪酸積累的分子機(jī)制還有待進(jìn)一步的研究。
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