張榮起

“高郵王父子，棲霞郝夫婦”這樁佳話，盛傳于郝懿行在經(jīng)學(xué)和訓(xùn)詁學(xué)領(lǐng)域名聲大振的晚清。“高郵王父子”指的是經(jīng)學(xué)世家王念孫、王引之父子，“棲霞郝夫婦”指的便是郝懿行和王照?qǐng)A夫婦。

王照?qǐng)A，字瑞玉，號(hào)婉佺。1763年（乾隆二十八年）出生于福山縣河北村一個(gè)書香門第。王照?qǐng)A之母林氏是棲霞四大望族之一林家的大家閨秀，知書明理，品性溫良。照?qǐng)A6歲喪父，全靠母親一手教授《孝經(jīng)》《內(nèi)則》《毛詩(shī)》等書。隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)，她不僅悟性高，而且觸類旁通，博覽群書，出口成章，嶄露頭角。

1788年（乾隆五十三年），王照?qǐng)A與長(zhǎng)他6歲的棲霞才子郝懿行結(jié)為伉儷。才女遇才子，其言也不俗。新婚之夜，聽悄悄話的人，聽到的卻是新婚夫婦的吟詩(shī)對(duì)句、相互唱和。據(jù)傳是王照?qǐng)A說：“千里良緣彩線牽，三冬谷旦結(jié)團(tuán)圓。挑燈最喜親風(fēng)雅，先說周南第一篇?！焙萝残行念I(lǐng)神會(huì)，便以《催樁》為題，緊扣周南《關(guān)睢》主題，吟出表達(dá)戀情的一首詩(shī)，這樣一來一往，其趣盎然。從此，他們夫婦佳話連篇，美傳不斷。

新婚不久，郝懿行將所輯先祖郝晉《丸笑齋集》請(qǐng)王照?qǐng)A校訂。王照?qǐng)A當(dāng)仁不讓，訂正了其中的8個(gè)字，隨后作記曰：“聊無鸞隨鳳鳴之意，觀者其誚余耶?！焙萝残凶鰧W(xué)問一向認(rèn)真癡迷，這對(duì)王照?qǐng)A影響頗深，夫婦之間亦師亦友，相得益彰。

王照?qǐng)A一面打理丈夫的生活，配合他的著述；一面不斷讀書，搞自己的研究。1788年秋，郝懿行在濟(jì)南應(yīng)試中舉后，作詩(shī)向她報(bào)喜，她立即和詩(shī)以贈(zèng)，曰：“小試文場(chǎng)久擅名，矮廬一人倍經(jīng)營(yíng)。案頭揮筆風(fēng)添勢(shì)，夜半構(gòu)思月助明?；ńY(jié)錦成人易懶，云飛露白馬登程。如君折得蟾中桂，自爾高山聽鹿鳴。”

丈夫收到妻子的一番鼓勵(lì)和鞭策，戒驕戒躁，更有了考中進(jìn)士的信心。王照?qǐng)A在母親去世后，寫下了“君親須孝也須忠，女子顯揚(yáng)男子同。氣吐九霄光日月，裙釵端的是英雄”。并經(jīng)常以“平生要做校書女，不負(fù)烏衣巷里人”自誡。

王照?qǐng)A尊母遺命，為東漢女史學(xué)家班昭《烈女傳注》作補(bǔ)注。歷經(jīng)20余年，她不僅獨(dú)立完成了《烈女傳補(bǔ)注》，還完成了《列仙傳校正》《葩經(jīng)小記》《夢(mèng)書》《曬書堂閨中文存》等作品，并幾經(jīng)周折與丈夫共同研究考證《詩(shī)經(jīng)》，合寫出《詩(shī)問》一書。

1799年（嘉慶四年）郝懿行考中進(jìn)士，司職京城，王照?qǐng)A隨夫至任所，與當(dāng)時(shí)的學(xué)者、名流來往，她的談吐和見解，受到眾人的佩服與敬重。她曾為當(dāng)朝尚書阮元母子題聯(lián)曰：“齊名積古從公定，室有藏書是母留?！甭?lián)意啟迪了阮元的盡孝之心，遂改居室“續(xù)古齋”為“積古齋”。

有一段時(shí)間，郝懿行因病暫停了對(duì)《爾雅義疏》的著述，照?qǐng)A在照顧護(hù)理丈夫之余，操筆整理，清抄成冊(cè)，促成了《爾雅義疏》一書的最終殺青。郝懿行坦稱在他的著作中，“采照?qǐng)A說者”甚多，實(shí)踐了她“裙釵端的是英雄”的誓言。

郝懿行謝世后，王照?qǐng)A回歸故里，閉門不出，埋頭整理丈夫的遺書，至89歲壽終。假如沒有王照?qǐng)A20余年的嘔心瀝血，不輟操勞，就不會(huì)有后來由他們的孫子郝聯(lián)薇陸續(xù)付梓的郝、王夫婦全部著作的彰顯于世了。

The stories of “the father and son of the Wangs in Gaoyou and the husband and wife of the Haos in Qixia” were widely spread in the late Qing Dynasty when Hao Yixing had a great reputation in the fields of Confucian classics and critical interpretation of ancient texts. “The father and son of the Wangs in Gaoyou” referred to Wang Niansun and his son Wang Yinzhi， from a well-known family for study of Confucian classics， and “the husband and wife of the Haos in Qixia” referred to the couple of Hao Yixing and Wang Zhaoyuan.

Wang Zhaoyuan， styled Ruiyu， was also known by her literary name of Wanquan. She was born in 1763 （the 28th year of the reign of Emperor Qianlong） in a scholarly family in Hebei Village， Fushan County. Her mother， Mrs. Wang， was a well-educated gentle woman from the Lin Family， one of the four eminent families in Qixia. When Zhaoyuan was six years old， her father died. It was her mother who taught her such books as The Classic of Filial Piety， Family Propriety， and The Mao Commentary . As she grew older， she showed her talent in quick understanding and learning by analogy. She read extensively and soon became a prominent figure.