王軍
【摘要】目的:探討經(jīng)鼻高流量氧療對(duì)慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者的臨床療效及預(yù)后的影響。方法:選取慢阻肺患者40例,隨機(jī)分為治療組和觀察組,在常規(guī)藥物治療、護(hù)理等措施相同的基礎(chǔ)上,前者予以經(jīng)鼻高流量氧療,后者予以傳統(tǒng)氧療,分別檢測(cè)入院時(shí)和經(jīng)治療24h后的動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治?、平均?dòng)脈壓等指標(biāo),計(jì)算CURB-65和慢性阻塞性肺疾病和支氣管哮喘生理評(píng)分,記錄住院時(shí)間和28d再住院率,統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析比較相關(guān)指標(biāo)。結(jié)果:兩組患者在性別、年齡和治療前的PH、PaO2、PaCO2比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),治療后,PH、PaO2兩組患者比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),治療組患者三項(xiàng)指標(biāo)組內(nèi)比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組患者住院時(shí)間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),28天再住院率比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。BAP-65、CURB-65評(píng)分組內(nèi)比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),組間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:利用經(jīng)鼻高流量氧療可明顯改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者氧合狀態(tài),減少患者體內(nèi)二氧化碳的蓄積,緩解呼吸性酸中毒,適用于伴二氧化碳蓄積的慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者,且療效和遠(yuǎn)期預(yù)后優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)氧療。
【關(guān)鍵詞】慢性阻塞性肺疾?。患毙约又仄?;經(jīng)鼻高流量氧療;血?dú)夥治?/p>
Clinical observation and evaluation of nasal high flow oxygen therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
WANG Jun
Anqing Medical College of higher vocational school, Anqing, Anhui 246052, China
【Abstract】Objective:To investigate the effect of nasal high flow oxygen therapy on the clinical efficacy and prognosis of patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods: 40 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were randomly divided into treatment group and Observation Group. On the basis of routine drug treatment and nursing, the former was given high flow oxygen therapy through nose, the latter was given traditional oxygen therapy, arterial blood gas analysis and mean arterial pressure were measured at admission and 24 hours after treatment. Curb-65 and COPD and asthma physiological scores were calculated, the length of stay and 28-day readmission rate were recorded and analyzed statistically. Results: there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of sex, age and PH、PaO2、PaCO2 before treatment(P>0.05). After treatment, there was significant difference in PH(P<0.05),PaCO2 between the two groups(P<0.05), there was no significant difference in the length of stay between the two groups(P>0.05), the 28-day readmission rate was significantly different(P<0.05). The scores of Bap-65 and CURB-65 were significantly different within groups(P<0.05), but not between groups(P>0.05). Conclusion: nasal high-flow oxygen therapy can improve oxygenation, reduce carbon dioxide accumulation and relieve respiratory acidosis in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, it is suitable for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with carbon dioxide accumulation, and its curative effect and long-term prognosis are better than those of traditional oxygen therapy.
【Key Words】Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; Acute exacerbation; Transnasal high flow oxygen therapy; Blood gas analysis
慢性阻塞性肺疾病進(jìn)入急性加重期(Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease,AECOPD)后,反復(fù)發(fā)作的咳嗽、喘悶、感染等表現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重影響了患者的生活質(zhì)量并危及其生命安全。氧療通過(guò)增加吸入的氧氣濃度以提高吸入氣體的氧分壓,糾正低氧血癥進(jìn)而改善此類(lèi)患者的臨床癥狀,是目前常用的AECOPD治療方法,但傳統(tǒng)氧療方式提供的吸入氣體干燥、濃度偏低、患者耐受差,在糾正缺氧、高碳酸血癥的臨床效果不盡如人意[1]。目前,在急性低氧性呼吸衰竭、呼吸衰竭未行氣管插管、心功能不全等臨床病例中廣泛使用了經(jīng)鼻高流量氧療(High Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen therapy,HFNC)[2]。本研究旨在探討在常規(guī)治療、護(hù)理等措施的基礎(chǔ)上,利用HFNC技術(shù)對(duì)AECOPD患者進(jìn)行治療,觀察其與傳統(tǒng)氧療的臨床療效及預(yù)后差異,具體報(bào)告如下。
1.1 一般資料
選取2021年9月—2022年10月學(xué)校附院呼吸內(nèi)科收治的AECOPD患者40例,隨機(jī)分為治療組和對(duì)照組,各20例。對(duì)照組,男11例,女9例,年齡57~78歲,平均年齡(67.25±8.12歲);治療組,男6例,女14例,年齡57~78歲,平均年齡(62.56±10.62)歲;兩組病例在性別、年齡比較上差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合《慢性阻塞性肺疾病診治指南(2013年修訂版)》中相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),意識(shí)清醒,年齡在80歲以下,治療前PH>7.25,PaO2<60mmHg或伴PaCO2>50mmHg,患者及其家屬自愿參與本研究。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):pH≤7.25,PaO2<40mmHg,PaCO2>65mmHg,需要進(jìn)行重癥監(jiān)護(hù)、機(jī)械通氣,合并有其他肺部疾病或嚴(yán)重心、肝、腎功能不全,近期有重大外傷或手術(shù)史,現(xiàn)在或曾經(jīng)患有精神疾病或正在服用精神類(lèi)藥物,對(duì)治療方法不耐受或中途退出者等。所有患者均簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2 治療方法
對(duì)照組接受傳統(tǒng)氧療,氧流量設(shè)為1~2L/min,治療組接受HFNC治療,氧濃度設(shè)為30%~50%,流量設(shè)為20~40L/min,溫度設(shè)為37℃。均持續(xù)治療24h以上。當(dāng)PH≤7.25或PaO2<40mmHg或PaCO2>65mmHg,且2h無(wú)法糾正、意識(shí)障礙、呼吸困難、痰液增多排出困難、呼吸或心臟驟停的情況時(shí)停止氧療,終止研究,另行治療,本研究中未發(fā)現(xiàn)不良反應(yīng)。兩組除氧療方式差異外,其他常規(guī)治療、護(hù)理等處理措施相同。
1.3 指標(biāo)觀測(cè)及評(píng)分
入院后記錄每位患者的基本資料,治療前、24h后動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治龅戎笜?biāo),記錄患者住院時(shí)間、出院后28d內(nèi)再住院率等。CURB-65(Confusion,Urea,Respiratory rate,Blood pressure,and Age,CURB-65)量表包括意識(shí)障礙、血尿素氮等5項(xiàng)指標(biāo)。慢性阻塞性肺疾病和支氣管哮喘生理評(píng)分((the COPD and Asthma Physiology Score,CAPS)量表包括心率、平均動(dòng)脈壓等8項(xiàng)指標(biāo),分別記分。所有數(shù)據(jù)雙人錄入。
1.4 數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)
以MedCalc 20.218 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行本研究的數(shù)數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行x2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 治療前后兩患者血?dú)夥治龅谋容^
治療前,PH、PaO2、PaCO2兩組患者比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),治療后,PH、PaO2兩組患者比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),PaCO2比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。治療組患者三項(xiàng)指標(biāo)組內(nèi)比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.2 兩組患者臨床預(yù)后及評(píng)分比較
兩組患者住院時(shí)間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),28d再住院率比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。BAP-65、CURB-65評(píng)分組內(nèi)比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),組間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
AECOPD 住院患者的氧療指征國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)中均有明確規(guī)定,一般應(yīng)以改善患者的低氧血癥,保證動(dòng)脈血氧飽和度(SaO2)在88%~92%為目標(biāo)[3]。HFNC供給恒定濃度達(dá)21%~100%的氧氣,可為患者提供加熱加濕空氧混合氣體,避免氣道黏膜損傷[4-5],緩解炎癥反應(yīng)[6-7],增加潮氣量,提高患者肺的換氣效率,與傳統(tǒng)氧療相比,舒適度更高[8]。因此,HFNC被逐漸應(yīng)用于AECOPD的臨床實(shí)踐。但AECOPD患者使用HFNC的適應(yīng)證目前尚不明確[9]。本研究比較了HFNC與傳統(tǒng)氧療對(duì)AECOPD患者的臨床療效,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),治療組明顯改善了AECOPD患者血氧指標(biāo),且優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,表明HFNC治療AECOPD能較好地緩解患者呼吸窘迫導(dǎo)致的缺氧狀態(tài)。治療24h后,對(duì)照組患者血?dú)夥治鲋笜?biāo)與治療前比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,治療組患者的PaCO2明顯低于治療前和對(duì)照組,進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,HFNC可以減少AECOPD患者體內(nèi)二氧化碳的蓄積,改善呼吸性酸中毒。同時(shí),治療組有效降低了患者28d再住院率,CURB-65、CAPS評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,HFNC遠(yuǎn)期療效好于傳統(tǒng)氧療,這與國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究報(bào)道結(jié)論一致。
本研究結(jié)果顯示了使用 HFNC對(duì)改善AECOPD患者臨床癥狀和臨床結(jié)局方面的一些優(yōu)勢(shì),但研究樣本總量有限、觀察周期較短,未考慮患者基礎(chǔ)疾病及藥物因素的影響,因此,研究的初步結(jié)論需要進(jìn)一步臨床研究驗(yàn)證。
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