黃馥
故事里的人物一定會有想法和感受,這樣才真實。此外,人物的想法與感受也是故事情節(jié)向前推進的原因與助力。寫出故事人物的想法與感受,不僅可以讓人物更加立體,故事更為生動,也是情節(jié)擴展的重要手段之一,那么如何寫出人物的想法與感受呢?這里有7種方法分享給大家。
一、內心對話
如果人物的內心想法是具體的,可以用直接引語或間接引語將其描述出來,但由于是“想”而不是“說”,注意動詞的使用與表達,一起來看一下一些例子吧。
1. 直接引語
人教版教材必修第三冊Unit 2, Reading for Writing的The Stone in the Road里面有2個句子是用直接引語來描寫人物內心活動:
(1)Once upon a time there was a king who often thought, “Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” 從前,有一位國王經常想:“一個國家的人民只會抱怨并期望其他人解決他們的問題,不會有好的事情會降臨到這個國家?!?/p>
(2)But when she saw the stone, she said to herself, “This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark. Ill move it out of the way.” 但當她看到這塊石頭時,她對自己說:“這塊石頭對天黑后走在街上的人來說都是危險的。我要把它移開?!?/p>
2. 間接引語
也可以用間接引語來描寫人物心理活動:
(1)I asked myself what I would have done in such a situation. 我問自己在這種情況下我會怎么做。
(2)I phoned Mary, thinking I might catch her before she left for work. 我打電話給瑪麗,心里想或許能趕在她去上班前聯(lián)系到她。
二、直接感受
1. 人物的感受描寫可以直接用主系表結構的句式,用上不同的系動詞,例如:
(1)表示“是”動詞:be動詞;seem/appear(好像是……)等
①Things were happening too quickly and he was confused. 事情發(fā)生得太快,他糊涂了。
②She seemed happy. 她似乎很愉快。
③He appeared very confident. 他顯得很自信。
(2)感官動詞:feel(覺得);look(看起來……)等,例如:
①The following day she felt well to go to school. 第二天,她感覺好轉,可以去上學了。
②He does look tired. 他的確顯得很疲倦。
(3)表示“保持”的系動詞:keep;remain等,例如:
①Jack kept calm. 杰克保持冷靜。
②She remained cool, calm and collected. 她保持冷靜、沉著、鎮(zhèn)定。
(4)表示“變得”的系動詞:become;get;go;grow等,例如:
①She was becoming confused. 她開始糊涂了。
②The children quickly got bored with staying indoors. 孩子們在屋子里很快就厭煩了。
③The team won and the fans went mad. 球隊獲勝了,球迷欣喜若狂。
④As time went on he grew more and more impatient. 時間長了,他越來越沒有耐心。
2. 也可以直接用主謂賓結構的句式來描寫情緒感受,用上一些及物動詞或短語,例如:
(1)The dog could sense danger. 那只狗能感覺到危險。
(2)I got a shock when I saw the bill. 我看到賬單時大吃一驚。
(3)She was aware of a sharp regret. 她感到一種劇烈的悔恨。
三、被動產生
除了直接感受,還可以是由于某些原因或外力,產生了某些想法或情緒,因此可以使用“使役”動詞,也就是表示“讓、使”的詞,例如:drive;make;send??梢杂蒙现髦^賓補句式。
1. That noise is driving me crazy. 那噪聲吵得我快發(fā)瘋了。
2. My words made him happy. 我的話讓他高興了。
3. The unexciting chores nearly sent him crazy. 枯燥乏味的無聊事讓他差一點發(fā)瘋了。
四、心腦反應
心臟的反應是感受的傳遞,而大腦的反應則是想法的表達。如何用“heart”和“brain”來描寫人物的想法和感受呢?例如:
1. 心臟反應
(1)人教版教材選擇性必修第一冊Unit 1,Workbook的Expanding Your World的《Three Days to See(Adapted)》有這么一個描寫心情的句子:
At times my heart cries out with longing to see all these things. 有時,我的心會因為渴望看到所有這些東西而吶喊。
(2)Her heart raced uncontrollably. 她控制不住地心跳加速。
(3)I felt excited so my heart beat fast. 我感覺很興奮,因此我的心跳很快。
(4)Her heart was pounding with excitement. 她激動得心臟怦怦直跳。
2. 大腦反應
(1)Many worries may start to crowd her mind. 很多煩惱會開始涌上她的心頭。
(2)When I saw the exam questions my mind just went blank. 我看到考題時,腦子里一下子變得一片空白。
五、事物支配
1. 英語表達中,主語不一定都是人,也可以是物,例如:
(1)The answer broke his heart. 這個答案使他心碎。
(2)An awful thought has just struck me. 剛才我腦子里突然閃過一個可怕的念頭。
(3)Words cannot express my sorrow. 言語無法表達我的哀傷。
(4)A cheer went up from the other passengers. 其他乘客發(fā)出一陣歡呼聲。
2. 也可以用跟情緒有關的名詞作主語,表示人物的感受,例如:
(1)Panic seized her. 她突然驚慌失措。
(2)Excitement was shining in her eyes. 她眼里閃著興奮的光芒。
(3)Fear suddenly flowed over me. 我突然感到恐懼。
(4)Great sorrow clouded his eyes. 他滿眼憂傷。
六、表情透露
面部表情是情感表達的直觀體現,因此人物的面部包括五官:眉毛、眼睛、鼻子、嘴巴和耳朵都可以即時展示人物的內心活動和情緒變化,例如:
1. 面部
(1)I caught a look of surprise on her face. 我發(fā)現她面露驚奇。
(2)His face was wet with tears. 他淚流滿面。
(3)She blushed with shame. 她羞愧得臉都紅了。
(4)Colour flooded her cheeks with embarrassment. 她因尷尬兩頰泛起了紅暈。
2. 眉毛
(1)Her eyebrows were arched in surprise. 她大吃一驚地揚起了眉毛。
(2)She raised questioning eyebrows. 她豎起眉毛表示懷疑。
3. 眼睛
(1)Her eyes were shining with excitement. 她興奮得兩眼放光。
(2)The expression in her eyes told me something was wrong. 她的眼神告訴我出事了。
(3)As he listened to the music, his eyes were filled with tears. 他聽著音樂,眼睛里噙著淚水。
4. 鼻子
(1)She wrinkled her nose in distaste. 她厭惡地皺起鼻子。
(2)The smell made him want to throw up and he pressed a handkerchief to his nose. 這味道使得他想嘔吐,他用手帕捂住鼻子。
5. 嘴巴
(1)She put her hand over her mouth to stop herself from screaming. 她用手捂住嘴,以免叫出聲來。
(2)The smells from the kitchen made our mouths water. 廚房里的香味讓我們直流口水。
(3)A shadow of a smile touched his mouth. 他嘴角透出一絲笑意。
6. 耳朵
(1)He adopted an air of indifference and put his hands over his ears. 他擺出一副滿不在乎的樣子并用雙手捂住了耳朵。
(2)I strained my ears to catch what they were saying. 我豎起耳朵去聽他們在說些什么。
七、動作體現
除了面部的表情,還有一些肢體語言,也可以暗示人物的心情與情感,當然,為了讓讀者更加清楚明白,可以加上一些表示情緒的名詞,常用的動作有哪些呢?
1. 身體顫抖
身體或聲音的“顫抖”可以是因為寒冷,也可以是因為緊張、驚嚇,還可以是因為興奮,例如:
(1)It was so cold that he opened the letter with trembling hands. 天氣這么冷,他雙手哆嗦著把信打開。
(2)My legs were trembling with fear. 我嚇得雙腿直發(fā)抖。
(3)I trembled at the thought of giving a performance. 我一想到表演就渾身發(fā)抖。
(4)Her voice shook with emotion. 她激動得聲音顫抖。
2. 手舞足蹈
手和腳動起來,可以是憤怒,也可以是開心,例如:
(1)She clapped her hands in delight. 她高興地拍起手來。
(2)Tom stamped his foot in anger. 湯姆氣得直跺腳。
(3)He jumped for joy on being told the news. 得知這個消息,他高興得跳了起來。
3. 點頭搖頭
點點頭,搖搖頭,是默認,是反對,是無聲的語言描寫,也可以是心情的體現,例如:
(1)Her head nodded in agreement. 她點頭表示同意。
(2)With a nod and a smile, she took leave of her friends. 她點頭微笑著向朋友告辭。
(3)He dismissed the idea with a firm shake of his head. 他堅定地搖了搖頭,否定了那個想法。
(4)She shook her head sadly. 她難過地搖搖頭。
4. 來回踱步
不停地走來走去,是人物在思考?還是感到焦慮?看下例子吧:
(1)He paced back and forth, trying to find a solution to the problem. 他來回踱步,試圖找出解決問題的辦法。
(2)I found him in the room nervously pacing up and down. 我發(fā)現他在房間里焦慮不安地走來走去。
作者給故事的人物加上了心理描寫和情緒描寫,可以讓讀者更能感同身受,身臨其境地站在故事人物的角度,進入到故事情節(jié)當中,這樣的故事才有看頭,讀起來才津津有味。那這7種寫出人物想法與感受的方法,你都學會了嗎?
責任編輯 吳昊雷